brain,vascular,anatomy

1. Outline
 Introduction
 Techniques of Imaging
 Arterial circulation
 Venous circulation

2. Introduction
•IMAGING TECHNIQUES
•ARTERIAL ANATOMY OF BRAIN
•ANTERIOR CIRCULATION
•CIRCLE OF WILLIS
•POSTERIOR CIRCULATION
•VENOUS ANATOMY OF BRAIN

3. Imaging techniques for vascular
anatomy of Brain
• Transcranial Doppler ultrasound
• Computed Tomography Angiography(CTA)
• Magnetic Resonance Angiography(MRA)
• Digital Subtraction Angiography(DSA)

4. CT Angiography
• Uses Ionizing radiation like an x ray
• Tells about Anatomy and Pathology
• Contrast enhanced procedure
• Advantage over MRA
• Quicker and easier to perform
• Can be performed in conditions where MRA is
contraindicated

5. ARTERIAL CIRCULATION
• ANTERIOR CIRCUILATION
• Internal Carotid Artery
• Anterior Cerebral Artery
• Middle Cerebral Artery
• Ant. Communicating
• Post. Communicating
• CIRCLE OF WILLIS
• POSTERIOR CIRCUILATION
• Vertebrobasilar Trunk
• Posterior Cerebral Artery

6. Anterior circulation
• Common Carotid artery
divides at C4 Vertebral
body into ECA and ICA
• ICA has a complex
course
• According to the
BOUTHILLIER
classification it has 7
segments

7. Segments of ICA
1. CERVICAL
2. INTEROSSEOUS / PETROUS
3. LACERUM
4. CAVERNOUS
5. CLINOID
6. SUPRACLINOID/OPTHALMIC
7. COMMUNICATING

9. Cervical segment- C1
• Ascends posteromedially to the ECA and
enters carotid canal of petrous bone.
• Has no branches

10. PETROUS SRGMENT - C2
ICA enters carotid canal in
petrous temporal bone
and exits at petrous apex.
Branches
•Pterygoid/Vidian artery-
anatomoses with ECA
•Caroticotympanic artery

11. Lacerum-C3
Begins above the
formen Lacerum
and ends at
petrolingual
lgament

12. Cavernous – C4
1. ASCENDING (SHORT
POST-VERTICAL )
2. POSTERIOR GENU
3. LONG HORIZONTAL
4. ANTERIOR GENU
5. ANTERIOR VERTICAL

13. •Cavernous part extends
to the proximal dural ring
and is surrounded by the
cavernous sinus
•Branches
•Meningohypophyseal trunk-
supplies Pituitory,tentorium and
dura
•Inferolateral trunk- supplies
cavernous sinus ,dura and cranial
nerves

14. Clinoid –C5
Starts at proximal dural ring
and Exits cavenous sinus
and extends upto the distal
dural ring

15. Supraclinoid/Opthalmic –C6
• Extends from distal
dural ring to just
below the PcoM
origin
• BRANCHES
• OPHTHALMIC ARTERY
• Superior
HYPOPHYSEAL
ARTERY

16. Communicating –C7
• Terminal segment
• BRANCHES
• Anterior cerebral artery
• Middle cerebral artery
• Posterior Communicating
• Anterior Choroidal artery

19. CIRCLE OF WILLIS

21. ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
It has 5 segments
A1:horizontal / pre
comunicating segment
A2:Vertical post
communicating/
Infracallosal segment
A3:pre callosal
A4:supracallosal
A5:post callosal

23. Middle Cerebral Artery
Has 4 segments
M1 – Sphenoidal
M2 – Insular
M3 – Opercular
M4 - Cortical

25. Vertebral artery segments
Has 4 segments
1. V1-pre foraminal segment
2. V2- .foraminal segment
3. V3 –Atlantic/extradural
segment
4. V4 –
Intradural/intracranial
segment

28. Basilar artery

29. Posterior cerebral artery

31. VENOUS drainage
• DURAL
VENOUS
SINUSES
• CEREBRAL
VEINS

32. Dural venous sinuses

34. CEREBRAL veins
• Deep (Internal) veins
• Superficial (External)veins