The document discusses mental health issues affecting young people. It notes that half of all mental illnesses begin by age 14, but most cases go undetected. It then summarizes several common mental health conditions seen in youth like depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, substance abuse, suicide, and self-harm. The document emphasizes the importance of prevention, building resilience, early detection, and treatment to support mental well-being in young people.

1. THEME PRESENTATION
On
WORLD MENTAL HEALTH
DAY, 2018
PRESENTED BY:
Merilyne Msmawii Beiho
Psychiatric Nurse
DMHP,Siaha

3. Who are Young
people??
The United Nations, for statistical
purposes, defines those persons
between the ages of 15 and 24 as
youth without prejudice to other
definitions by Member States.

4. Facts & status of Young people
in changing world
• Adolescence and the early years of
adulthood are a time of life when many
changes occur.
• For many, these are exciting times. They
can also be times of stress and apprehension
however. In some cases, if not recognized
and managed, these feelings can lead to
mental illness.

5. Facts & status of Young people
in changing world
• The expanding use of online technologies,
while undoubtedly bringing many benefits,
can also bring additional pressures.
• Many adolescents are also living in areas
affected by humanitarian emergencies such
as conflicts, natural disasters and epidemics.
And are more vulnerable to mental distress
and illness.

6. The Importance of the 2018
WMHD Theme
Suicide is the second leading cause
of death among 15–29-year-olds.
(World Health Organization)
1 in 5 young people suffer from a
mental illness, that’s 20 percent of
our population but yet only about 4
percent of the total health care
budget is spent on our mental
health.
(teenmentalhealth.org)
Every 10 minutes, somewhere in
the world, an adolescent girl dies as
a result of violence.
(United Nations Children’s Fund)
83% of young people say bullying has
a negative impact on their self-
esteem.
(ditchthelabel.org)
Among nearly 100 transgender
youth, ages 12 to 24, 51% reported
ever thinking about suicide, while
30% had attempted it at least once in
their lives.
(Center for Transyouth Health at
Children’s Hospital Los Angeles)

7. Bullying
Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion
to abuse, intimidate or aggressively dominate
others. The behavior is often repeated and
habitual.
Bullying is divided into four basic types of
abuse – emotional, verbal, physical, and cyber.

8. Cyber Bullying
Cyberbullying was defined as threatening or
aggressive emails, texts or online posts,
embarrassing or threatening pictures posted
online, or using someone’s identity to send out or
post embarrassing or threatening information.
• 92% of teens ages 13-17 go online daily, out of
that 1 in 5 girls & 1 in 10 boys are cyberbullied,
- StopBullying.org

9. TRAUMA
Trauma can be define as ‘a deeply distressing
or disturbing experience”.
 A traumatic event can be anything from
domestic abuse, sexual, neglect, floods,
earthquakes, gun violence, war, physical
assaults and accidents.
 And occurs in many settings, including the
home, school, community and over the
Internet.

10. Trauma could have both immediate and
long-term consequences.
• Children who have experienced hampered in
their development, experience learning
difficulties and perform poorly at school.
• They may have low self-esteem and suffer
from depression, which can lead, at worst, to
risk behavior and self-harm.
• Could lead to PTSD.
• Witnessing violence can cause similar distress.

11. Major Mental Illness and Young People
 Half of all mental illness begins by the age of
14 and about 75% by age 24, but most cases
go undetected and untreated.
Often we see teenagers and young adults
dealing with the effects of mental health issues
and many of these are serious mental illnesses
that need prompt attention.

12. TEEN DEPRESSION
Teen depression is much more than feeling
temporarily sad or down in the dumps. It’s a
serious and debilitating mood disorder that can
change the way you think, feel, and function in
your daily life.

13. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TEEN
DEPRESSION
• Sadness or hopelessness
• Irritability, anger, or
hostility
• Tearfulness or frequent
crying
• Withdrawal from friends
and family
• Loss of interest in
activities
• Poor school performance
• Changes in eating and
sleeping habits
• Restlessness and agitation
• Feelings of worthlessness
and guilt
• Lack of enthusiasm and
motivation
• Fatigue or lack of energy
• Difficulty concentrating
• Unexplained aches and
pains
• Thoughts of death or
suicide

14. BIPOLAR DISORDER
Bipolar “mood episodes” include unusual mood
changes along with unusual sleep habits, activity
levels, thoughts, or behavior A person with bipolar
disorder may have manic episodes, depressive
episodes, or “mixed” episodes.

15. • An emotional response (e.g.,
apprehension, tension, uneasiness) to
anticipation of danger, the source of
which is largely unknown or
unrecognized.
15

16. EATING DISORDER
Eating disorders are mental disorders defined by
abnormal eating habits that negatively affect a
person's physical or mental health.
– Anorexia nervosa where people eat
very little and thus have a low body wt
– Bulimia nervosa where people eat a lot and then try to
rid themselves of the food.

17. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 The prevalence of heavy episodic drinking among
adolescents aged 15-19 years was 13.6% in 2016.
 9 out of 10 people with substance problems
started using by age 18.

18. Common Abuse Substances
1. Alcohol
2. Opiod (Opium, Heroin)
3. Cannabis (Ganja, Bhang)
4. Cocaine
5. Amphetamines(Party
drug)
6. Lysergic acid
diethylamide
(LSD/halluicinogen)
7. Sedatives & Hypnotic
(Avil, Cough syrup)
8. Benzodiazepine
(Alprazolam, Diazepam
9. Nicotine
10. Volatile Solvent
(Dendrite, correcting
fluid, paint spray, etc)
18

19. SUICIDE AND SELF-HARM
 It is estimated that 62 000 adolescents died in 2016 as
a result of self-harm.
 Close to 800,000 people die due to suicide every year.
 Suicide is the third leading cause of death in older
adolescents (15–19 years).
 For every suicide there are many more people who
attempt suicide every year.
 Suicide is the second leading cause of death among
15-29-year-olds.
 78% of global suicides occur in low – and middle-
income countries.

20. Risk factors
for suicide are multifaceted, including
harmful use of alcohol,
abuse in childhood,
stigma against help-seeking,
barriers to accessing care, and access to means.
A prior suicide attempt is the single most
important risk factor for suicide in the general
population.

21. The Way Forward –
Prevention, Resilience & Support
Young person with support, stability and the
information will usually lead to a positive,
healthy adult.
Early interventions, prevention, resilience
support and programs to educate young people
and the world around them can empower our
youth.

22. Resilience
Definition: the capacity to recover quickly
from difficulties; toughness
Resilience at its core means the ability to
successfully engage with the challenges and
opportunities that life brings and through that
engagement, develop the competencies
necessary to take on future.
“It’s not whether you get knocked down that counts. It’s whether
you get back back up “

23. Factors that contribute to
the building of resilience
The development of resilience is a life-long activity,
some factors which contribute in building resilience are:
Having supportive personal relationships,
good problem solving skills,
the ability to manage emotions and
knowing when, where and from whom to obtain
needed help.

24. Promotion and prevention
It aims to strengthen protective factors and
enhance alternatives to risk-taking behaviours, &
Promote mental health and well-being that helps
in building resilience.
Promotion require a multilevel approach with
varied delivery platforms – like digital media,
health or social care settings, schools, or the
community.
“Prevention is better than cure”

25. Promotion and Prevention activities
• school-based interventions, such as:
– organizational changes for a safe, secure and positive
psychological environment;
– teaching on mental health and life-skills;
– training staff in detection and basic management of
suicide risk; and
– school-based prevention programmes for adolescents
vulnerable to mental health conditions like abused,
bullied, traumatised.

26. Promotion and Prevention activities
• caregiver skills training for parents & guardian,
• programmes to prevent and manage the effects
of sexual violence on adolescents;
• suicide prevention programmes;
• interventions to prevent alcohol and substance
abuse;
• comprehensive sex education
• violence prevention programmes.

27. Early detection and treatment
Importance of Early Detection and Effective
Treatment:
Early Treatment can keep illness from getting
worse or lasting a long time
Helps people return to their “normal selves”
and restores functioning
Minimizes disability