growth and development in infancy

1. Prepared by
Ms. Latha B S
Lecturer
Dept. Paediatric nursing

2.  1. PHYSICAL GROWTH
 Weight:2.5 – 3.5 kg
 Height: 45 – 50 cms
 HC : 33 – 35 cms
 CC : 31 – 33 cms
 Pulse : 130+/- 20 per min
 Resp : 35=/- 10 per min
 BP : 80/50+-20/10 mm hg
 Reflexes : has well developed sucking,
rooting, swallowing etc....

3. 2. gross motor:
 Lies in flexed position with hands clenched.
 Turns head when in prone position
 Head lags behind when the baby is pulled up
from supine to sitting position.
3. FINE MOTOR:
 Grasp reflex is strong.

6. SENSORY DEVELOPMENT:
 Protective blinking reflex is present.
 Indefinte stare at sorroundings.
 Notices faces and bright objects.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMNT:
 Startles to loud noises.
 Responds to human voice.
 Makes comfort sounds when feeding.
 Begins to coo.

7. AGE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENTS
2 months Posterior fontanel closes at 6-8 weeks of age.
Tears starts appearing.
Drooling begins.
Obligate preferential nose breathers.
3 months Flexion posture is reduced.
Grasping, moro reflexes disappears.
Landau reflex appears.
4 months Drooling indicates apearence of saliva.
Tonic neck reflex and rooting reflex disappears.
5 months Can breath through mouth when nose is
obstructed.
Weight is almost double of birth weight.
6 months Weight doubles of birth weight.
Teeth eruption starts with lower two central
incisors
7 months •Parachute reflex appears.
•Ultimate color of iris established.

8. 12
months
Weights triple of birt weight.
Ht is increase about 50% of birth ht.
Has 6-8 deciduos teeth.
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
2 months G:Lifts head almost to 45 degreeabove flat surface when
lying prone.
F: holds a rattle when placed in hand.
Sensory : turns head when sound occurs.
Eye follow moving objects and persons nearby.
Language: laughs
Crying becomes differentiated, varying with
reason
Social: smiles to mother
Knows that cry will bring attention.

9.  Able to lift head to 90*
 Rolls over from back to side.
 Can grasp a toy
 Carries objects and hands to mouth at will.
 Turns head and looks in same direction to
locate sound.
 Cris less.
 May laugh loud.

10.  Sits for short time with adequate support.
 Follows objects at 180*
 Intial social play by smiling.
AT 5 MONTHS:
 Sits with slight support.
 Pulls feet up to mouth
 Rolls from back to abdomen.
 Attempts to catch objects

11.  Begins use of fore finger and thumb in a
fincer grasp.
 Tries to obtain object beyond reach.
 Can old one object while looking at another.
 Responds to his or her name.
 Begins to mimic
 Cries on seeing strangers
 Begins to differentiate strangers from family

12.  Sits leaning forward on both hands.
 Moves from place place by rolling.
 Can grasp at will.
 Drops one object when offered another.
 Begins to transfer the objects.
 Localizes sounds made above ear level.
 Vocalizes monosyllable ma da ..
 Talks to own image in mirror.
 Recognizes parents.
 Extends arms to be picked.

14.  Sustain all weight on feet when held in standng
position.
 Early stepping movements.
 Hold two toys together.
 Transfer any toy from one hand to another.
 Bangs objects tha are held.
 Has preference in taste of food.
 Responds with guestures to words such as
COME..
 Vocalizes baba, dada..
 Closes lips tightly when disliked food is offered.
 Eruption of upper cental incisor.

15.  Pulls to standing position with help.
 Raise self to sitting positon.
 Holds 2 objects while looking at 3rd
 Release objects at will.
 Feeds self with fingers
 Drinks from cup with assistance.
 Begins to undersatnd meaning of NO
 Separation anxiety develps.

16.  Sits
 Drinks with assistance
 Crawls and creeps
 Holds own bottle
 Holds bottle and keep nipple in mouth when
wants it
 Recognizes familiar objects by name
 Stops activity in response to NO
 Dislikes face wash
 Cries when scolded

17.  Development of walking skill.
 Does not want to lie unless sleepy
 Brings hands together and plays
 Searches for a lost toy
 Says DADA, MAMA with meaning
 Imitates sounds of animal
 Plays social games with adult

18.  Stands erect with minimum support
 Walks holding onto furniture
 Removes covers from boxes and takes toys
out of box
 Beginning to hold pen and make marks on
paper
 Can follow rapidly moving objects
 Reacts to restriction with frustration
 Enjoy playing with empty dish and spoon
after meals

19.  Stands alone for variable length of time
 Walks few steps with help
 Can sit down from standing position with out
any help.
 Picks up small bits of food and transfer to
mouth
 Enjoys eating with fingers
 Full binocular visionwell established.
 responds to wishes
 Cooperates in dressing.

26. Thank you