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活気あふれるアジア経済
(大学案内用資料)
江川 暁夫(えがわ あきお)
桃山学院大学 経済学部経済学科 准教授
アジアはどこからどこまで?
• 中学・高校の「地理」の勉強で教わる「アジア」(赤点線)
=ヨーロッパでもなく、
アフリカでもなく、
中東でもない地域
• 経済を考えるとき、
もっと積極的にアジアを
位置付け、範囲を絞る
(赤点線×青点線の下)
どうして経済学ではアジアの範囲を絞る
の?
• 共通点を探すため。 「アジアって○○なところ」
• 国どうしの経済の関係を研究するため。
- 経済関係 = モノやサービスの取引【貿易】
お金の動き【投資】
- 範囲を絞る=貿易・投資関係が強い国どうしを
「一つの塊」とする
→ 1)アジア内での経済の大まかな動きをつかみやすい。
2)アジアが「一緒に成長していく」姿をつかみやすい。
アジアって○○なところ (1)
• 狭いエリアにたくさんの人が住んでいるところ
この白い円の内側に住む人口のほうが、
円の外側に住む人口より大きい
(狭いエリアにたくさんの人が住むアジア)
• 狭いエリアにたくさんの人が住み、多くの会社がある
=一緒に物を作るパートナーや、作ったものを買ってくれる
お客さんを探しやすい(商機がある)
• でも、その国の多くの人が貧乏だったらだめだよね・・・
→アジアの「経済の力」を確認する必要
アジアって○○なところ (2)
• 急速に経済成長し、所得が伸びているところ
世界平均で3%程度の成長見込みに対し、アジアは6%
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
China India ASEAN World
(経済成長率、%)
(予測値)
世界平均
東南アジア
(ASEAN)
インド
中国
(経済が成長し、所得が伸びているアジア)
• 経済成長 → 国全体の所得が増える
=「プチぜいたく」の余力がある人が増える
• 「プチぜいたくできる人たちが狭いエリアにたくさん」
=中間所得層の人口が、狭いアジアで爆発的に増える
(2011年に16.7億人→2020年には24.2億人)→アジアの活気
• プチぜいたく、ぜいたくの内容として、アジアの人が日本に
興味を持ち、消費するように。
→ 日本から、外食産業、旅行会社などが、どんどんアジアに進出。
(日本のものをアジアで食べたい!)
シンガポール
タイ・バンコ
ク
アジアって○○なところ (3)
• アジアどうしでの貿易や投資がさかんなところ
ASEAN, 21.1%
日本, 13.2%
中国, 13.6%
香港・韓国・台
湾, 8.2%
インド, 1.8%
アメリカ, 7.8%
EU, 9.5%
中東, 9.8%
その他, 15.0%
アジア全体で57.9%
=アジア域内の
「相互依存関係」
例えば、タイの貿易相手を見ると・・・
(貿易や投資の関係が強いと・・・)
【貿易・投資関係が強い国どうしでは・・・】
• 貿易や投資をもっとやりやすくしよう!とお互が合意する
(この合意を条約で交わすものが自由貿易協定(FTA)です)
 互いの貿易・投資が更に増える
• 「距離が近い」「経済が大きい」「高成長をしている」国との
貿易が増えると、自分の国にとっても大きなメリット。
(経済学では、「貿易の重力モデル」という名前がついています)
(大きく伸び盛りのご近所さんがたくさん)
【アジアの状況】
• アジアの国どうしは、近い、大きい、高成長を兼ね備える。
(FTAもたくさん締結。)
• 日本もアジアとの関係では、近くて大きい経済。(FTAもたく
さん締結。)
日本+アジアで一緒に成長するチャンス=アジアの活気
まとめ-アジアの活気とは
1. アジアの活気は、
• 人口の大きさ・企業の集積と高い経済成長(→中間所
得層の爆発的増加)による生産・販売等の商機拡大
• 経済の相互依存関係の強化(→一丸となって更に高
い経済成長を実現)
によって支えられている。
2. アジアは高成長を実現し、今後も高成長が持続すること
で、経済圏としての重要性を更に増していくと考えられる。

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オープンキャンパス講義資料(江川)