1. Integrated Design Approach
for Sustainable Buildings
Mohammad Bader
ID 250835494
Supervised by Dr. Girma Bitsuamlak
August 19, 2016
Department Here
2. Mohammad Bader
• B.S in Architectural Engineering ,Saudi Arabia 2004
• M. Eng. in Construction Management ,Saudi Arabia , 2007
• PMP , LEED GR certified
• 4 years with AECOM
• 4 years with ARAMCO at King Abdul-Aziz Center for World Culture
Site Superintendent
LEED Coordinator
Presentation Title Here
4. • Benefits of Green Buildings
• Green buildings are considered one of the most significant attempts to
reduce the environmental impacts caused by buildings
Presentation Title Here
Economic Benefits
Reduce operating costs,
Advance employee satisfaction and productivity,
Enhance life cycle economic performance.
Social Benefits
Enhance occupant comfort and health,
Minimize strain on local infrastructure,
Contribute to overall quality of life.
Environmental Benefits
Enhance and protect biodiversity,
Improve air and water quality,
Conserve and restore natural resources.
5. The challenge that facing green
buildings
• High initial cost
• Needs more communication and coordination
effort between the stakeholders in different
project phases
6. The Solution ?
• Integrated design approach is considered one
of the best solutions to reduce the
sustainability cost
• Building Modeling Information (BIM) is used
as a platform that facilitates the
communication
7. Benefits of BIM
• Improve the communication
• Reduce the initial cost
• reducing the number of Request for
Information (RFI)
• improving the project quality
8. The scope of the study
• Outline a road map that starts from
identifying the stakeholder , and ends up to
achieve LEED objectives
Identifying LEED Objectives
Stakeholders
• An ideal project will be presented as a case
study to demonstrate the methodology
9. INTEGRATED DESIGN APPROACH
• The integrated design approach is a method that brings the project
stakeholders together to collaborate at the early phases of project
life to improve the design, and move towards integrated models
10. LEED Overview
• The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED™) , is a green building
rating system created by U.S. Green Building Council’s (USGBC) to provide a
national standard for what makes a green building.
13. Stakeholders
Injaz Group – The Owner
• They are willing to achieve LEED gold level
• Optimize the energy performance and reduce the operational cost
Mr. Kevin –Project Manager and General Contractor
• The project manager is charged to manage the integrated design delivery, to
achieve LEED standards
• long history of design in BIM by using Revit2000 ®
Saudi Designer LTD. – Architecture and Design Firm
• It is the company’s first BIM project
• good experience in LEED and passive building design
• have aesthetical concerns that should be taken into consideration
14. Stakeholders
Green Environmental Systems Supplier Ltd
• A “green” systems consultant.
• Most of their work is done using Excel
Advanced Steel Fabrication Ltd – Steel Fabricator and Installer
• A professional structural steel fabricator that uses models as part of their process
with Revit 2000®.
2D Electrical Ltd.- Electrical Contractor
• using 2D CAD for designing electrical systems
• Their designs are high quality
15. The Project Requirements
• The project is a new 10 floor commercial
office building located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• The approximate typical floor area of the
building is around 3200 m2 , accommodates
250 employees per floor
• Selecting the a sustainable location is the first
requirement
17. Step1: Creating a project charter
• Statement of Work (SOW) – The constitution of the
project
• It is a mandatory document that formally recognizes
the existence of a project.
• Officially brings on board all disciplines in the early
phases to accommodate contributions from all
parties
18. Features of the project charter
1. Provides high level of the project scope , budget and
schedule.
2. Should be broad enough to allow project changes without
changes to the charter itself
20. Step 2 : Selecting LEED Credits to Adopt in the Design
• From LEED scoreboard, project team can select which LEED credits to adopt.
21. Step 2 : Selecting LEED Credits to Adopt in the Design
Optimizing energy performance credit
Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the baseline
Renewable Energy Production
Using on-site renewable energy such as wind energy and solar panels
Site Assessment
Selecting a sustainable location by determining the existing site conditions
such as topography , hydrology ,and climate.
22. Step 3: Identifying and selecting BIM uses
Identifying BIM Uses
• According to Penn State Project Execution Planning Guide, there are common BIM
uses that were identified through interviews with industry experts and analysis of
multiple project case studies.
Selecting Appropriate BIM Uses
• The project team must select the most appropriate BIM uses to maximize the
value of the integrated building design, and minimize the cost and impact of the
modeling implementation
24. Selecting Appropriate BIM Uses
The following table shows the potential BIM uses and
their associated value to Injaz project
Goal Description
Value to
project
Potential BIM Uses
Meeting the cost objectives High
Design Authoring, 3D coordination, Cost
estimation.
Achieving LEED Gold Level Design High
LEED Evaluation, Site Analysis, Engineering
Analysis.
Achieving less than 60-month
payback for energy efficiencies
High Design Authoring, Engineering Analysis.
Meeting the project milestones Medium 4D Modelling.
Achieve quality targets Medium
Engineering analysis, Building System
Analysis.
Minimize impact to existing
business
Low
4D Modelling, 3D Coordination
(construction).
Improves the efficiency of the
facility management
Low
Asset Management, Disaster Planning,
Maintenance Scheduling.
25. Step 4 : Identifying stakeholder capability and
required resources
The purpose of this step is to pre-qualify members of the team before performing the
BIM tasks.
BIM Use
Value
to
project
Stakeholder
Value to
Stakeholder
(High or
Medium)
Capability Rating
Additional
Resources /
Competencies
Required to
Implement
Notes
Procee
d with
Use
Resources
Competency
Experience
Yes /
No /
Maybe
Cost Estimation High
CM-General
Contractor
High 4/5 5/5 5/5
Needs to gain
input from other
stakeholders to
perform detailed
cost estimation
Yes
Mechanical Engineer Medium 5/5 3/5 4/5
Training to use
Revit 2000 to
Perform quantity
take-off
Structural Engineer Medium 5/5 4/5 5/5
No extra
resources /
training is needed
Already
familiar
with Revit
2000
Electrical Engineer Medium 4/5 2/5 5/5
Training to use
Revit 2000 to
Perform quantity
take-off
26. Step 5 : Stakeholder participation on BIM uses
• Identify which project stakeholders participated for each selected BIM use, the nature of
their participation, and the benefits out of their contribution.
BIM Use Stakeholder Role Benefits
Site Analysis Injaz Investment - Owner Selecting the right location in
regards to passive design
strategy
Good building location will
award more LEED points and
helps in energy conservation
Saudi Designer – Architect Aiding and advising the owner to
select the appropriate location
regarding LEED and Passive
design
Good building location will make
the work much easier to the
architect to perform passive
building design
Design Authoring Architect
Mech Engr
Elect Engr
Structure Engr
Green Environmental Systems
Supplier
Producing disciplinary models Helps the project manager to
perform the construction model
3D coordination Mr. Kevin – CM and General
Contractor
Integrate all the disciplinary
models into one master model
To detect the field clashes and
perform advanced engineering
analysis
Engineering Analysis Hi-Rise HVAC Ltd – Mech Engr Performing energy simulation to
calculate the cooling / heating
loads of the building
To test and evaluate the building
sustainability design by
comparing the results with a
baseline building performance
rating per ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2004.
2D Electrical Ltd. - Elect Engr Performing model lighting
simulation
Perform electrical load
calculation
Getting advantage of the natural
light to reduce the cost of the
artificial light sources and
minimize the electrical load
Green Environmental Systems
Supplier
calculate the energy production
of the green systems (solar
panel) and compare it with the
building needs
Evaluate the efficiency and
feasibility of the designed green
environmental systems.
27. Step 6: Create First Level Map of BIM Uses
In this step, the project manager and his team will review the selected BIM Uses and sequence them into a BIM
data flow map, capturing from beginning to end the major activities, the involved stakeholders, and the data
types that need to be exchanged
29. Step 8 : Develop Information Exchange Plan
• It is important to understand the level of development (LOD) that is needed for
that information and who require it.
• The grading system must be applicable to every element in the model
• This following grading system is from BIM Forum specification
30. Min Information Exchanged – Energy Modelling
Energy Modelling
BIM Use Title: Engineering Analysis
Available
Information
Required
Information
Output
Information
Project Stage Design Development
Responsible Party (Information Receiver) Mechanical Engineer
Model Element Breakdown LOD
Resp
Party
LOD
Resp
Party
LOD
Resp
Party
Notes
A SUBSTRUCTURE
10 Foundations
A1010 Standard Foundations N/A AC N/A AC N/A AC not required
A1010.10 Wall Foundations N/A AC N/A AC N/A AC not required
B SHELL
20 Exterior Vertical Enclosures
B2010 Exterior Wall (Masonry) N/A AC 300 AC 300 AC
B2010.10 Exterior Wall Veneer N/A AC 300 AC 300 AC
B2010.30 Exterior Wall Interior Skin N/A AC 400 AC 400 AC
B2020.10 Exterior Operating Windows N/A AC 300 AC 400 AC
output is
more than
required
B2020.20 Exterior Fixed Windows N/A AC 300 AC 300 AC
B2020.30 Exterior Window Wall N/A AC 300 AC 300 AC
B2050.10 Exterior Entrance Doors N/A AC 400 AC 400 AC
B2070.10 Exterior Louvers N/A AC 300 AC 400 AC
output is
more than
required
30 Roofing
B3010.50 Low Slope Roofing N/A AC 300 AC 300 AC
34. Site Analysis
• The project location was selected adjacent to an existing building located to the
West side of the project
35. Results of Site Analysis
Project
Element
Category Credit
Possible
Points
Target LEED Credits
Building
Location
Energy and
Atmosphere
Optimizing energy
performance
18
Sustainable Sites Site Assessment 1
Potential LEED
Credits
Building
Location
Location and
Transportation
High Priority Site
2
Location and
Transportation
Surrounding Density
and Diverse Uses
5
Location and
Transportation
Access to Quality
Transit
5
Total number of LEED Maximum Points 31
36. Design Authoring – Architectural Modelling
There are four main passive design strategies produced
by Climate Consultant®
1. Design Strategy # 1: Entrance, Window and Fountain
Location
2. Design Strategy # 2: Roof Type, Color, and Height of
the Building
3. Design Strategy # 3: Glazing Walls and Window
Overhangs
4. Design Strategy # 4: Using On-Site Renewable Energy
Production
37. Design Strategy # 1: Entrances, Windows and
Fountains Location
Climate Consultant® Results :
• Locate the doors and window opening facing up-wind direction
• Humidifying hot, dry air before it enters from the enclosed outdoor spaces with
fountains or wet pavement.
38. Design Strategy # 1: Entrances, Windows and
Fountains Location
The design :
39. Design Strategy # 1 Results
Building Element Category Credit
Possible
Points
Target LEED Credits
Entrances
Energy and Atmosphere
Optimizing energy
performance
18
Wall Louvers
Fountains
Wet / Green Area
Potential LEED
Credits
Wet / Green Area Sustainable Sites
Protect or Restore
Habitat
2
Wet / Green Area Sustainable Sites Heat Island Reduction 2
Entrances
Indoor Environmental
Quality
Indoor Air Quality
Assessment
2Wall Louvers
Fountains
Total number of LEED Possible Points 24
40. Design Strategy # 2: Roof Type, Color, and
Height of the Building
Climate Consultant® Results:
• Flat roofs for dry climates.
• Maximize the vertical high between air inlet (door and windows) and outlet
(cooling tower).
• Use light colored building materials
The Design :
41. Design Strategy # 2 Results
Building Element Category Credit
Possible
Points
Target LEED Credits
Flat Roof
Energy and Atmosphere
Optimizing
energy
performance
18
Cooling Tower
Green Roof
Light Exterior Walls
Potential LEED Credits Green Roof
Sustainable Site
Protect and
Restore
Habitat
2
Sustainable Site
Rainwater
Management
3
Indoor Environmental Quality Quality Views 1
Total number of LEED Possible Points 24
42. Design Strategy # 3: Glazing Walls and Window
Overhangs
Climate Consultant® Results :
• Minimize or eliminate west facing glazing
• Using window overhangs.
• For passive solar heating, face most of the glass area
• Provide double glazed (Low-Emissivity) on west, north, and east.
• Provide enough north glazing to balance the daylight.
43. Design Strategy # 3: Glazing Walls and Window
Overhangs
• The Design :
44.
45. Design Strategy # 3 Results
Building Element Category Credit
Possi
ble
Points
Target LEED Credits
Glazing Wall
Energy and Atmosphere
Optimizin
g energy
performa
nce
18
Window Overhangs
Potential LEED Credits Glazing Walls
Indoor Environmental
Quality
Daylight 3
Indoor Environmental
Quality
Quality
Views
1
Total number of LEED Possible Points 22
47. Design Strategy # 4 Results
Building Element Category Credit Possible
Points
Target LEED Credits Solar Panels Energy and
Atmosphere
Renewable
Energy
Production
3
Potential LEED Credits Solar Panels Energy and
Atmosphere
Optimizing
energy
performance
18
Total number of LEED Maximum Points 21
49. SUMMARY OF LEED RESULTS
Project Element Category Credit
Possib
le
Points
Total
Points
Overall
Points
Target LEED Credits
Building Location
Energy and Atmosphere Optimizing energy performance 18
22
47
Entrances
Wall Louvers
Fountains
Wet / Green Area
Flat Roof
Green Roof
Cooling Tower
Light Exterior Walls
Solar Panels
Window Overhangs
Glazed Walls
Solar Panels Energy and Atmosphere Renewable Energy Production 3
Building Location Sustainable Sites Site Assessment 1
Potential LEED Credits
Building Location
Location and Transportation High Priority Site 2
25
Location and Transportation
Surrounding Density and
Diverse Uses
5
Location and Transportation Access to Quality Transit 5
Wet / Green Area
Sustainable Sites
Protect or Restore Habitat 2
Green Roof Heat Island Reduction 2
Entrances
Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Air Quality Assessment 2Wall Louvers
Fountains
Green Roof Sustainable Sites Rainwater Management 3
Green Roof
Indoor Environmental Quality Quality Views 1
Glazing Wall
Glazing Wall Indoor Environmental Quality Daylight 3
50. Optimizing Energy Performance Credit – 18 possible points
A whole building energy simulation must be performed
to compare the building performance to the baseline
building performance rating as per ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2004 [8].
Points are awarded according to The following table .
52. Renewable Energy Production Credit – 3 Possible Points
Measuring the production capacity of the solar panels and its contribution value to
the project’s annual electrical and thermal energy cost .
Points of this credit are awarded according to the following table .
Percentage of Renewable Energy
Contribution
LEED
Points
1 % 1
5 % 2
10 % 3
53. Site Assessment Credit – 1 Possible Point
It is required to complete and document a site survey that
includes the site features that were.
The survey should demonstrate the relationships between the
site features and their influence on project design
To calculate the exact points of other potential LEED credits, it is
mandatory to refer to LEED resources to understand the
requirements of each credit
Before outlining BIM road map , it is important to identify the stakeholder and know their past experience and Organizational culture
Assume the project team selected three credits to focus on in their design
BIM uses could be assumed as (Raw materials ) that you need to select and combine from to come up with you’re a customized roadmap to achieve our goals
We categorized BIM uses based on their value to project as shown .
Cost Estimation is an example
I implemented this table on all 7 BIM uses that were chosen
The roadmap should as simple as possible and easy to apply
A good flow map can verify the goal of the design regularly . That includes scope, time, and budget objectives.
According to the Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), cost estimation comes last after verifying the scope of the project. [5]
Each team needs to have a BIM champion with a strong desire to develop the BIM Plan.
The BIM executing plan should be treated as a living document that needs constant changing and updating.
The initial flow map could be reviewed or revised based on the project needs
Later we will discusses the results after performing Site Analysis BIM use on Injaz project
For example : to perform energy simulation we need to have LOD 300 min for the exterior wall
shows the minimum LODs of the considered elements that are required to perform building energy modeling according to BIM Forum classification
Min LODs were extracted from BIM Forum specification for each element
to humidify the inlet air to promote the natural ventilation
Other than humidifying the inlet air naturally, this strategy promotes other sustainability objectives such as providing a beautiful green area with fountains that could be used for social activities by the employees of the building
Maximizing the vertical high between the air inlet and outlet was achieved by designing cooling towers that eject the hot air from the roof because hot air rises to the top of the building.
Light colors such as light gray and white were adopted for the exterior walls.
Although Design Strategy # 2 contributes mainly to achieve Optimizing Energy Performance credit which is the main scope of the project, it also gives an opportunity to facility gaining other LEED credits that are not there in the main scope of the project as shown in this table
Although it is recommended, according to Climate Consultant® software, to provide clear and enough glazing on the north side of the building to balance the daylight, but it is important to balance between promoting the daylight feeling inside the building and optimizing the energy performance. That could be achieved by performing energy and lighting simulation of the building
Although Design Strategy # 3 contributes mainly to achieve Optimizing Energy Performance LEED credit which is the main scope of the project, it also gives an opportunity to facility gaining other LEED credits that are not there in the main scope of the project as shown in the following
design authoring needs two kinds of input information which are Climate Consultant® data and
LEED criteria of renewable energy production
Solar panels are used in the project to achieve Renewable Energy Production LEED credit
Although solar panels contributed directly to attain Renewable Energy Production LEED credit, it may also help to optimize the energy performance of the building by providing shade on the roof of the building. This table shows the contribution of this strategy to achieve LEED objectives.
To calculate the excat achieved points, it is mandatory to refer to LEED resources to understand the requirements of each credit, and to achieve the required LOD
