2. Brief Explanation of thecontent
The content of the paper is “ does the parental disability
matter to child education? Evidence from Vietnam ”
First we need to know what is disability ? Disability is
having physical or mental condition that limits the persons
movements , senses or activities .
So the paper examines that if the parent have physical or
mental condition does it effect to childes education
3. Introduction
A child’s education lays the cornerstone for his or her
future life, not only in terms of income but their overall
wellbeing .
Disability is one factor that can impact on their ability to
obtain an education. According to the WHO/World Bank
World Report on Disability, approximately 15% of the
world’s population is disabled, and having a disability
decreases the chances a person obtains an education.
Educational attainment is of fundamental importance to
all governments, as shown by the inclusion of universal
primary school enrollment as one of the Millennium
Development Goals .
4. Sometimes families’ investment in childhood education
loses out to the use of child labor. In developing countries,
when families are faced with poverty they often turn to their
children to provide additional income.
Other parental characteristics, apart from income also
influence children’s enrollment. For example, there is a
clear correlation between high levels of education in
parents and the enrollment and achievements of their
children
5. Childhood characteristics also matter when it comes to
school attendance. For example, historically girls have been
less likely to attend school than boys although this gap has
been closing (United Nations, 2008) and to some extent has
even reversed (World Bank, 2012).
Another factor that can limit children’s education is the
presence of a disability. Evidence from across the globe
shows that disabled people have lower levels of education
than their non-disabled peers
6. but of course the causality could go in both directions.
People with less schooling could be more likely to become
disabled because they are poorer and thus have poorer
access to health services, adequate nutrition, good
sanitation, or safe living and working conditions.
At the same time disabled people could be less likely to
attend school because of various barriers they face.
However, articles looking explicitly at disabilities occurring
in childhood suggest that having a disability does reduce a
child’s likelihood of obtaining an education.
7. found that childhood disability was a better predictor of
school enrollment than gender and other socio-economic
characteristics. Evidence in Vietnam itself shows that
disabilities occurring in childhood significantly reduce
school attainment (Mont & Cuong, 2011).
Nearly 96% of children without disabilities between the
ages of 6 and 12 attended school in 2006, but only 69% of
those with disabilities.
Parental disability could potentially be associated with poor
education outcomes among children for a few reasons.
8. disability can result in lower labor productivity and less income
Evidence from around the world suggests that disability is
associated with poverty.
In Vietnam the poverty rate for households with disabled people is
17.2% compared to 15.1% for the non-disabled population.
Therefore, children who have disabled parents might have to work
for income or undertake household production that would
typically be done by their parents.
Another possible impact of a parent having a disability is that it
creates demands on children to care for their parent. These extra
demands on their time could lead to less time spent on
education.
A study from China shows that poor parental health is associated
with a modest but statistically significant increase in hours spent
in home production
9.
10. Children with parents with chronic illnesses in that study
were shown to have an enrollment rate of 82% compared to
88% for those with healthy parents.
This second effect of increased responsibilities caring for a
disabled parent might be larger for girls, as caring for family
members is typically a gendered task. In Vietnam, evidence
suggests that non-paid household work and family
responsibilities are still much more common for women and
girls even though their employment and school enrollment
rates are increasing (World Bank, 2011).
11.
12. In one qualitative study a family reported “two daughters
were withdrawn from school to work and care for their
incapacitated father while their mother went to work in
Malaysia to finance costs of disability treatment and debt
(Palmer et al., 2010).”
Child education depends crucially on the extent parents
can get involved with their children in learning activities at
home.
Disabled parents may be less able to supervise their children’s
educational activities because of various barriers in society—
for example lack of accessible transportation to visit schools
and teachers, or lack of training in sign language or Braille,
which limits their communication skills.
13. the up-coming table of the next slide we have the following
variable and also remember the following variables are
categorical when they collected the data the respondents
were different in terms gender , age , region , ethnic ,
consumption quintiles and education of household head .
gender ethnic
male female
kinha
Ethnic
minorities
