6. Graph shows how NYC has lowered it’s emissions compared to the World
7. NYCCAS: New York City Community Air Survey
2008-13
Monitored street level air pollution
8. 2009 - PUBLIC HEALTH EFFECTS
PM2.5 Fine Particles
SO2 Sulfur
Dioxide
Ni Nickel
In high density buildings
burning fuel heating oils
- No4 & No6
residual grade
9. CLEAN HEAT PROGRAM
Regulations to phase out and educate owners
New York State
NYC - Limits on Sulfur in No4 oil
2012- Restrictions in sulfur in No 2 oil
13. Air Quality
- neighborhoods with greatest restrictions
2x Improvements in SO2 and Ni levels
- then neighborhoods with fewer changes
14. Source: New York City Trends in Air Pollution and its Health Consequences, 2013
https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/environmental/air-quality-report-2013.pdf
15. PM2.5
Fine Particles
Tiny solid and liquid particles in air
From vehicles, boilers in buildings,
coal-burning power plants,
construction equipment
Penetrates deep into lungs and
enters bloodstream
Contributor to lung, heart disease,
premature death, cancer
http://a816-dohbesp.nyc.gov/IndicatorPublic/Traffic/index.html
Click here
for more
about PM2.5
16. (2009-2011) levels of PM2.5 still cause annually more than 2,000 deaths, 4,800
emergency department visits for asthma, and 1,500 hospitalizations for
respiratory and cardiovascular disease.
(New York City Trends in Air Pollution and its Health Consequences, 2013)
Health effects of PM2.5
17. Kheirbek, Iyad Kheirbek et al. “The contribution of motor vehicle emissions to ambient
fine particulate matter public health impacts in New York City: a health burden
assessment” https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-016-0172-
6#MOESM1
18. Compare PM2.3 levels in the Bronx with other
cities in the world:
World's Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index
https://waqi.info/#/c/40.806/-73.838/12.4z
New York Times Interactive Page Comparing the World’s Air Pollution:
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/02/climate/air-pollution-compare-ar-ul.html
*Places like New Delhi have much higher levels.
19. New York City Community Air Survey (NYCCAS)
Created in 2008 to understand air pollution levels in various parts of NYS
Air Quality Monitors
● Placed 10 - 12 feet off ground to show the effects on people
NYCCAS Sites: https://nyc-ehs.net/besp-report/web/nyccas
Click here
21. Bronx River
Begins in Valhalla, NY (Westchester)
● Kensico Dam
Ends in East River (Bronx)
Crimmens, Teresa, Larson, Marit, Bronx River Alliance Ecological
Restoration And Management Plan, 2006
Http://Www.Bronxriver.Org/Plans
22. Bronx River
Construction:
➔ 1840’s NY Central Railroad
➔ Development of West Farms
and Bronxdale
◆ filled wetlands
➔ 1930 - Bronx River Parkway
➔ 1950 - Cross Bronx
Expressway
◆ Robert Moses
dumping site
History
➔ 1639 - Jonas Bronck purchased
500 acres from Mohegan Indians
➔ 1700 - 12 Mills
➔ 1820-30 pollution free
◆ Considered for drinking
water
➔ 1900’s - Open Sewer
23. Bronx River
Parkland Section:
★ Northern Bronx
★ Muskrat Cove
★ Shoelace Park to east
★ Bronx River Parkway to west
Crimmens, Teresa, Larson, Marit, Bronx River Alliance Ecological
Restoration And Management Plan, 2006
Http://www.Bronxriver.Org/Plans
24. Bronx River
Botanical Garden/Zoo Section
➢ Undisturbed vegetation
➢ Natural drainage
★ Snuff Mill Dam, New York Botanical Garden
★ Double Dam, Bronx Zoo
★ 182nd St. Dam, Southern border of Bronx Zoo
Crimmens, Teresa, Larson, Marit, Bronx River Alliance Ecological
Restoration And Management Plan, 2006
Http://www.Bronxriver.Org/Plans
25. Bronx River
West Farms Section
Freshwater
★ River Park
★ Bronx River Park
★ Drew Gardens
★ CSO HP-007 (Combined Sewer Overflow)
○ During storms, discharge untreated sewage and pollutants to river
○ See: http://bronxriver.org/?pg=content&p=aboutus&m1=1&m2=1&m3=35
Crimmens, Teresa, Larson, Marit, Bronx River Alliance Ecological
Restoration And Management Plan, 2006
Http://www.Bronxriver.Org/Plans
26. Bronx River
Estuary Section
★ Starlight Park
★ Sheridan Expressway
★ Concrete Plant Park
○ Foodway
★ Hunts Point Riverside Park
○ Between scrap metal facility and Hunts Point Market
★ Soundview Park
○ Built on inactive landfill
★ 2 CSO’s (HP-008, HP-009)
Crimmens, Teresa, Larson, Marit, Bronx River Alliance Ecological
Restoration And Management Plan, 2006
Http://www.Bronxriver.Org/Plans
27. Bronx River Watershed
Watershed: (Drainage Basin) Area of land from which
surface water runoff drains into the same body of
water. (nycgovparks, https://www.nycgovparks.org/greening/natural-resources-group/bronx-river-wetlands)
Bronx River Watershed:
● From Kensico Dam in Westchester to East River
● Drains 56 square miles
● Urban development affect natural drain flow
○ Sewers and pipes used to direct stormwater to the Hunts
Point water treatment plant
28. Bronx River Wetlands
Freshwater Wetlands, not tidal, saturated with soil, 3 types:
1. Marshes - grassy plants
2. Swamps - woody plant, willow , dogwood, red maple, oak
3. Bogs - rain-fed basins left by glaciers
Also categorized in relation to land:
1. Depressional wetland: low topographical points: Bronx Zoo
2. Riverine wetlands: near rivers: Bronx River Forest
3. Fringe wetlands: Ponds, lakes: Bronx River, NY Botanical Garen, Bronx Zoo
29. Bronx River Wetlands
Saltwater Marshes
● Mutualistic habitat of fiddler crabs and mud snails along with marsh cord
grass (Spartina Alternifora) reduces pollution levels in waters
Soundview Park
● Once 80 acres of Salt Marsh where Bronx River entered East River
● Thousands of acres of salt marsh lost to development
● Contains small lagoon and mudflat
https://www.nycgovparks.org/greening/natural-resources-group/bronx-river-wetlands/estuary/reach-1/soundview-restoration
30. Bronx River Wetlands
Wetland - Area periodically filled with water that supports a biologically
diverse ecosystem
○ Habitat for plants and animals
■ Breeding, rearing, feeding
● Dragonflies, frogs, salamanders
○ Protects water supply
■ Vegetation slows surface water flow, particles drop out
■ Soil filters water for deep and shallow water that feeds
streams and rivers
■ Provides nutrients for plants and microbes that improve
water quality for drinking
○ Slow storm water flows
https://www.nycgovparks.org/greening/natural-resources-group/bronx-river-wetlands
31.
32. Waste in the Bronx
“South Bronx recorded the highest number of
trucks per hour and the highest proportion of
which were trash trucks: 304 commercial trucks
per hour, almost half of which were commercial
waste trucks . That’s one commercial waste truck
every 24 seconds.” (CLEARING THE AIR report, Transform Don’t Trash Coalition)
“On a typical day, nearly 6,000 tons of trash is hauled in and out of the
South Bronx, requiring about 1,400 diesel truck trips. This means two
to three truck trips every minute in the course of a typical eight to 10
hour business day.” (“The Bronx is Breathing,” nyenvironmentreport.com)
Click on
links
33. Waste in NYC
Department of Sanitation:
https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/dsny/site/about
https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/dsny/site/our-work
34. Waste Transfer Stations
Where local waste is transferred to end point; landfill, hazardous waste, recycling
● Bronx has 14 waste transfer stations http://www.habitatmap.org/habitatmap_docs/BargeNYC'sGarbage.pdf
https://www.google.com/maps/search/bronx+transfer+station
s/@40.8068502,-73.8905324,13z
Download the 2015 New York City Truck Route Map (pdf)
35. PRIVATE WASTE COMPANIES
● POOR VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
○ EMISSIONS STANDARDS FOR PM2.5
○ INVOLVED IN MORE CRASHES
● FAILURE TO RECYCLE OR COMPOST
○ ORGANICS = METHANE GAS
● DRIVERS
○ FATIGUE - OVERWORKED
■ WORKING 17-18 HOURS SHIFTS
■ UNDERPAID
36. TRASH IMPROVEMENTS
● RECYCLING
○ BETTER COSTS FOR SMALL BUSINESSES, CREATING RATE CAP
■ DISCOUNTS SIMILAR TO BIG BUSINESSES
○ CREATE MORE JOBS
● COMPOSTING
● ZONED COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL
WASTE
○ REDUCING MILES TRAVELED BY 49 TO 68 PERCENT CLEARING THE AIR report, Transform Don’t Trash Coalition)
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO ABOUT COMPOSTING
38. Green Building
Bronx Library Center
Energy Efficient:
ENERGY STAR Light fixtures with motion detection
LED Lights
Constant Air Regulator - balance exhaust without losing heat
Solar thermal for domestic hot water
Dual Flush Toilets
https://greenhomenyc.org/green-building-resources/buildings-db/
Green Materials:
Low-VOC Paints and Adhesives
Recycled/Recyclable floor covering
Natural floor covering
Reclaimed Wood
Certified Wood
Solar
Bronx Zoo BathroomCLICK ON
GREEN
LINKS FOR
EXAMPLES
39. Green Roof
So Bro Venture Center - Green Roof
- Business
Jasmine Court - Roof Garden
- Homeless, Special Needs
Bronx County Courthouse
70% Cooler
30-70% Rainwater Collection
http://designtrust.blogspot.com/2008/06/south-
bronx-green-roof-tour.html
St. Simon Stock R.C.
Elementary School
Via Verde
CLICK ON
GREEN
LINKS FOR
EXAMPLES
40. Green Food
Hostos Food Studies
Meet Green Bronx Machine
Website: Green Bronx Machine - Stephen Ritz
CLICK AND WATCH
