1.
Understanding
the
Sound
Board:
Here
at
Live
Global
Stream
Inc.
we
operate
using
a
MackieTT24
soundboard
when
producing
sound
for
live
shows.
In
this
document
I
will
be
explaining
the
many
different
features
and
to
how
to
use
the
board
using
basic
principles
for
those
who
aren’t
familiar
with
signal
flow.
Overview
To
start
off,
our
soundboard
is
running
using
an
Analog
setup.
The
Digital
setup
will
require
a
separate
document,
which
I
will
explain
in
further
detail
for
another
time;
But
for
now
lets
go
over
the
Analog
setup.
The
MackieTT24
comes
with
24
Channel
Inputs
Mic/Line.
In
order
to
receive
signal
from
the
stage
you
must
insert
the
XLR
cable
from
the
microphone
to
the
Microphone
box.
(In
case
you
don’t
understand
the
microphone
box
is
what
we
use
to
setup
the
microphones
on
the
stage.
Each
input
on
the
microphone
box
correlates
back
to
each
input
on
the
channel
strips.
There
are
24
XLR
inputs
and
Outputs
on
the
Microphone
box
and
24
XLR
inputs
on
the
MackieTT24.)
Now
with
that
being
said
you
also
have
the
ability
to
use
24
line
inputs
on
the
MackieTT24,
which
are
located
just
below
the
XLR
inputs,
which
as
of
right
now
we
do
not
use.
But
in
the
case
you
find
yourself
having
to
use
it
you
must
press
in
the
button
that
says
Line
at
the
top
of
the
channel
strip
in
order
for
it
to
work.
By
pressing
the
Line
button
at
the
top
of
the
channel
strip,
you
bypass
the
XLR
input
and
enable
the
Line
input.
And
vice
versa
if
you
are
using
the
XLR
input
you
must
make
sure
that
the
Line
button
is
not
being
pressed
in,
or
your
audio
signal
will
be
bypassed.
When
observing
the
Channel
strip
you
will
notice
under
the
Line
button
another
button
that
says
+48v.
That
button
should
ONLY
be
pressed
in
when
using
a
Microphone
that
uses
Phantom
Power.
If
you
are
not
sure
if
the
microphone
you
are
using
needs
phantom
power
then
the
best
thing
to
do
is
to
research
on
your
own
so
you
become
familiar
with
the
different
types
of
microphones.
I
can
tell
you
now
the
microphones
we
use
are
all
dynamic
microphones
and
do
not
need
phantom
power.
But
in
the
case
that
you
use
a
microphone
that
needs
Phantom
power
you
must
press
in
the
+48v
button
in
order
for
that
microphone
to
work.
*
Side
Note*
(Please
make
sure
the
gain
knob
and
channel
fader
are
turned
all
the
way
down
when
pressing
the
+48v
button
in.
Otherwise
you
might
possibly
break
the
microphone.
It
does
happen,
when
turned
all
the
way
up
while
powering
the
microphone
at
the
same
time.)
The
next
object
you
will
see
following
the
Phantom
button
*+48v*
you
will
notice
a
knob
that
turns
clockwise;
this
is
your
gain
knob.
You
never
want
to
turn
the
gain
knob
up
to
high
otherwise
you
might
get
clipping,
which
is
a
red
dot
that
occurs
at

2. the
top
of
the
meter
when
your
audio
signal
exceeds
0dbFS
which
in
simple
terms
mean
your
audio
signal
is
being
distorted,
which
is
NOT
GOOD.
Also
note
that
if
the
gain
knob
is
left
to
low
then
you
lose
all
dynamic
capability.
The
gain
knob
is
a
very
important
stage
in
the
process
this
is
the
input
going
into
the
board.
If
you
do
not
get
this
stage
right
you
can
ruin
the
entire
mix.
Moving
on….
The
next
object
on
the
channel
strip
is
something
called
a
V-­‐
Pot
knob.
This
knob
turns
both
clock
and
counter
clockwise.
This
knob
uses
multiple
modes.
Now
let
me
further
explain
how
to
switch
through
the
different
modes.
In
the
middle
of
the
board
you
will
see
a
label
called
V-­‐POT
Control
with
four
buttons
around
it,
each
labeled
TRIM,
PAN,
METER,
HPF.
*
Side
Note*
When
you
press
down
any
button
on
the
V-­‐Pot
Control,
you
activate
that
mode
on
all
the
channels.
You
can
only
use
one
mode
at
a
time.
• By
pressing
the
PAN
button
on
the
V-­‐Pot
Control,
you
now
have
control
over
where
in
the
stereo
fielded
you
wish
to
place
the
signal,
using
the
V-­‐Pot
Knob
on
your
channel
strip.
(For
example:
If
you
look
at
where
the
bass
player
is
playing,
which
typically
would
be
to
the
right
of
the
band,
then
you
would
PAN
the
Bass
to
the
Right
using
the
V-­‐Pot
knob
on
the
channel
strip
where
the
Bass
players
signal
is
coming
from.)

3. • By
pressing
the
TRIM
button
on
the
V-­‐Pot
Control,
you
now
have
the
ability
to
boost
or
reduce
the
signal
up
or
down
a
couple
db.
(This
can
be
very
helpful
if
you
have
a
signal
coming
from
a
channel
that
is
clipping.
There
are
many
different
reasons
why
you
would
use
the
trim
feature
but
for
a
beginner,
if
you’re
going
to
use
the
trim
button
use
it
for
preventing
clipping.
But
do
note
if
the
gain
is
done
right
in
the
first
place
you
won’t
need
to
use
the
trim
feature.)
• By
pressing
the
HPF
button
on
the
V-­‐Pot
Control
you
have
now
activated
the
high
pass
filter
feature
on
all
the
channels,
but
you
must
also
press
the
V-­‐Pot
knob
in,
on
each
individual
channel
to
fully
activate
the
feature.
Which
can
roll
off
low-­‐end
frequencies
ranging
from
20-­‐400Hz.
(This
is
something
you
want
to
use
on
pretty
much
all
the
channels
to
clean
up
muddiness
that
naturally
occurs
in
your
mix.
Knowing
which
frequencies
each
instrument
take
up
helps
when
using
the
HPF.
)
• By
pressing
the
Meters
button
on
the
V-­‐Pot
Control
you
now
have
the
ability
to
see
your
audio
signal.
(You
want
to
use
this
meter
as
a
visual
when
messing
around
with
your
Gain
Knob,
that
way
you
can
see
if
you
are
clipping
or
not.
They’re
a
few
other
modes
that
this
knob
is
capable
of
using.
But
those
modes
can
become
complicated
for
a
beginner,
so
I
will
suggest
reading
the
Manual
on
how
to
use
those
different
modes
if
you
feel
you
are
ready
to
bring
your
skills
up
a
notch.
For
now
I
will
only
explain
how
to
use
the
four
modes
I
just
talked
about.
Next
on
the
channel
strip
you
have
3
buttons
in
a
row
labeled
Mute,
Select,
Solo.
You
use
the
Mute
button
to
mute
tracks
you
don’t
wish
to
hear.
You
use
the
Select
button
to
select
tracks,
and
the
solo
button
to
solo
tracks
you
wish
to
hear
by
them
selves.
Simple.
Next
you
see
the
Channel
Fader.
This
is
what
you
use
to
control
the
amount
of
Volume
you
wish
to
send
through
your
PA
System.
Signal
Flow
After
reading
the
Overview,
you
should
now
have
a
basic
understanding
on
what
everything
on
the
channel
strip
does.
Lets
discuss
how
to
get
signal
out
of
the
board
and
into
the
Main
outputs
that
run
into
the
PA
System
using
our
current
setup.
First:
Make
sure
the
board
is
on
(power
switch
is
on
the
back
of
the
board).
Second:
Press
the
ANLG
button
next
to
the
Label
that
Says
ANALOG.
It
should
look
like
this:

4.
Third:
Go
to
the
Master’s
Section
and
Press
the
L/R
button.
It
should
look
like
this:
Top
button
located
in
the
Bank
Select
Section.

5.
Now
While
holding
down
the
L/R
button
Select
all
the
channels.
By
doing
this
you
have
routed
all
the
audio
signals
to
your
Main
Outs.
But
there
still
more
that
needs
to
be
done
before
you
can
hear
anything.
Fourth:
Do
your
gain
staging,
Turn
Gain
Knob
Up
on
Channel
1,
go
to
V-­‐pot
Control
Press
Meters
now
look
at
the
meter
from
your
V-­‐Pot
knob
and
make
sure
your
not
clipping.

6. Fifth:
The
last
step
is
testing
your
channel
to
make
sure
your
audio
signal
is
in
fact
routed
to
the
main
outputs
correctly
by
turning
up
the
volume
on
the
channel
fader.
If
you
have
done
everything
correctly
you
should
be
able
to
hear
signal
from
the
other
end
of
the
Microphone.
Ok,
you
have
signal
coming
out
of
the
PA
System
now.
Good!
Now
bring
the
volume
all
the
way
down
and
repeat
steps
4
and
5
for
the
rest
of
the
channels.
Sixth:
Now
bring
all
your
channel
faders
up
to
Unity,
which
is
represented
with
a
U.
*Unity
stands
for
0DB
on
your
channel
fader*
Now
your
ready
to
do
a
mix
for
your
Main
Output
Speakers.
Setting
Up
Group
Mixes
For
this
section
I’m
going
to
keep
it
as
simple
as
possible,
so
I
will
be
using
a
scenario
as
well
as
explaining
how
to
set
up
a
group
mix
Scenario:
We
have
a
five-­‐piece
band,
Drummer,
Singer,
Two
guitarist,
and
Bass
player.
Now
you
already
have
a
mix
for
the
main
out
speakers,
but
the
drums
seem
a
bit
to
loud.
Well
you
don’t
want
to
alter
the
mix
you
just
created
you
want
to
turn
the
drums
down
a
couple
dbs.
Well
you
can
achieve
this
by
grouping
all
the
drum
microphones
together.
In
this
example
you’re
going
to
group
all
the
drums
to
group
one.
Now
let
me
explain
how
to
do
this.
First:
Press
the
Group
1
button.
It
should
look
like
this:

7.
Auxiliary
Sends
Before
I
explain
how
to
send
signal
through
the
Aux
sends
it’s
first
important
that
you
know
where
the
sends
are
going.
Hold
this
button
down
while
selecting
all
of
your
drum
tracks.
Now
you
have
1
Fader
controlling
the
volume
for
the
entire
drum
kit.
Drums
to
loud!
Ok,
well
turn
the
Group
1
fader
down.
J

8. Here’s
a
list
I
made:
Aux
Send
1:
Leads
back
to
Microphone
box
input
A
for
Speakers
1&2
Aux
Send
2:
Leads
back
to
Microphone
box
input
B
Speakers
3&4&5
Aux
Send
3:
Leads
back
to
Microphone
box
input
C
Speakers
6&7
Aux
Send
4:
Leads
back
to
Microphone
box
input
D
Head
phone
jack
*Potential
Speakers
for
later
productions*
Aux
Send
5:
Leads
to
Speakers
8&9&10&11.
Aux
Send
6:
Leads
to
Speakers
12&13.
You
have
a
total
of
12
possible
Aux
sends.
*Note
Aux
9-­‐12
should
only
be
used
as
FX
sends
(Reverb,
Delay,
basically
time-­‐
based
processors,
simply
speaking
your
effects.
I’ll
explain
those
in
a
later
text.)*
Now
that
you
know
where
the
Aux
sends
are
going,
lets
send
signal
to
Aux
Send
1.
So
first
you
must
press
the
Aux
mode
button
right
under
the
V-­‐Pot
Control.
Should
Light
Up
Blue

9. Now
look
at
the
section
right
under
Aux
mode
that
says
Aux
Sends.
Press
the
button
that
says
1.
You
now
have
the
ability
to
create
a
separate
mix
for
Speakers
1&2.
So
you’re
trying
to
get
a
separate
mix
but
wait,
why
can’t
I
hear
anything
from
Speaker
1&2?
Well
that’s
because
your
not
finish.
Now
look
at
the
Group
Assignment
Section
(its
important
to
know
when
in
Aux
Mode
the
Group’s
become
Group
Sends).
The
Light
Should
Be
Blinking.

10. Now
there
is
a
couple
of
ways
of
turning
the
group
send
up.
But
first
lets
assign
the
channels
to
Group
1.
Now
how
this
works
is
Aux
Group
1
correlates
with
Aux
Send
1.
So
while
Aux
Send
1
is
blinking
hold
down
the
Aux
Group
1
button
and
select
all
the
channels
you
want
to
send
to
Aux
Group
1.
Great!
Now
you
have
signal
going
to
Aux
Group
1,
all
you
have
to
do
now
is
turn
up
the
fader
and
you
finally
have
the
ability
to
mix
for
speakers
1&2.
Repeat
for
process
for
Aux
sends
2-­‐6.
(Note
each
Aux
send
has
there
own
separate
mix
generally
speaking
that
mix
depends
on
the
Artist’s
because
they
are
the
one’s
listening
to
them).
Now
lets
look
at
the
screen
section
and
discuss
how
to
use
the
features
that
are
located
in
that
section.
By
pressing
the
EQ
button
in,
you
have
just
given
yourself
the
capability
to
utilize
the
Internal
Equalizer
built
into
the
board’s
software.

11. Lets
discuss
how
this
works….
First
you
would
select
a
channel
then
while
that
channel
is
selected
you
would
press
the
EQ
button
in.
For
each
channel
you
select
you
have
the
option
to
EQ
that
channel
separately.
You
can
also
use
this
EQ
for
Groups,
Aux
Sends,
Aux
Groups,
and
the
overall
Master
channel.
You
can
accomplish
the
same
thing
with
a
dynamic
processor
(Compressor)
by
simply
pressing
in
the
DYN
button.
*
I
cannot
teach
someone
how
to
use
a
compressor
or
equalizer
because
each
situation
is
different
and
requires
a
highly
trained
ear,
which
comes
from
experience*
Now
lets
move
on
to
the
effects.
I’m
going
to
program
the
effects
myself.
So
the
only
thing
you
need
to
know
is
how
to
send
the
effect
to
the
proper
channel.
First
Select
the
Aux
Master
button
located
in
the
Screen
Section
of
the
board.
Second
select
the
Channel
you
want
the
effect
on.
So
channel
1,
we
want
to
add
some
reverb
to
it.
I
have
reverb
running
off
of
FX1=
Aux
9
Remember?
Aux9-­‐12
is
for
Effects.
So
when
selecting
the
Channel
you
want
reverb
on,
(in
this
case
were
using
Channel
1)
press
in
the
Group/Aux
button
located
under
the
DYN
button.
For
this
illustration
focus
on
Aux
9,
which
would
be
the
knob
located
at
the
far
left
bottom
of
the
Screen
Section.
Now
turn
the
knob
up,
now
you
have
reverb
(Large
Plate)
on
Channel
1.
Simple!
Don’t
make
it
harder
than
what
it
really
is.
From
here
the
Screen
will
show
all
12
Master
Aux
Sends,
each
one
of
those
Aux
sends
can
be
altered
by
turning
the
knob
that
correlates
to
what
you
see
on
the
screen.
Simply,
go
to
the
Master
Aux
9-­‐
12
knobs
at
the
bottom
and
turn
the
knob
that
correlates
to
that
Master
Aux
up.
You
can
turn
it
up
to
Unity.
Be
careful
with
the
Delay
knob.
Delay
if
to
loud
can
cause
feedback
in
the
system.

12. Last
but
not
least
lets
talk
about
Snap
shots.
So
at
some
point
you
will
probably
have
the
mix
exactly
where
you
want
it.
For
the
most
part,
I’ll
probably
already
have
done
this.
But
lets
say
you’re
done
with
the
mix
and
you
want
to
save
that
mix
and
recall
it
later.
Well
first
you
must
press
the
button
that
say
SNAP
on
it.
This
brings
you
to
the
Snap
feature
on
the
screen.
Next
you
have
the
option
to
name
that
snap
shot
whatever
you
like.
In
this
Example
were
calling
the
snap
shot
Ruby
Red.
Cool.
Now
that
you
have
named
you
snap
shot
its
time
to
save
it
so
you
may
recall
it
later.
All
you
have
to
do
is
press
and
hold
for
a
moment
the
Store
button.
Done
its
saved,
you’re
good
to
go.

13. Now
lets
say
a
week
later
the
bands
back
and
you’re
ready
to
recall
your
saved
Snapshot
Ruby
Red.
Well
all
you
have
to
do
is
press
the
button
SNAP,
then
bank
through
the
different
Snapshots
Once
you
have
found
the
Snap
shot
your
looking
for,
again
in
this
section
were
looking
for
ruby
red
on
the
screen.
Make
sure
it’s
selected
which
means
it’s
highlighted
on
the
screen.
And
press
the
Recall
button.
All
right
well
you
just
recalled
Ruby
Red
and
saved
yourself
a
whole
lot
of
time
mixing
everything
again.
Way
to
GO!
That’s
all
I
have
to
say
on
the
MackieTT24.
Again
I
must
urge
everyone
to
read
the
manual.
That
way
you
have
a
further
understanding
of
how
to
work
the
board.
Video
Link:
https://vimeo.com/14550605
You
can
Bank
through
the
different
snap
shots
by
using
the
arrow
keys
in
the
Snapshot
section.
Recall
button.