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 What is a Weed?
Definitions:
- Any plant or vegetation, excluding fungi,
interfering with the objectives or
requirements of people (EWRS)
- A plant growing where it is not desired
(WSSA)
CCHHAARRAACCTTEERRIISSIITTIICCSS OOFF WWEEEEDDSS
-- ggrrooww vveerryy qquuiicckkllyy && rraappiidd sseeeeddlliinngg ggrroowwtthh
-- aaddaappttss eeaassiillyy ttoo ddiiffffeerreenntt aaggrroocclliimmaattiicc ccoonnddiittiioonnss
-- rreepprroodduuccttiioonn && mmuullttiipplliiccaattiioonn
-- nnuummeerroouuss ffeerrttiillee sseeeeddss
-- vveeggeettaattiivveellyy tthhrroo’’ rrhhiizzoommeess,, bbuullbbss
-- bbootthh sseeeeddss && vveeggeettaattiivveellyy
-- pprrooppaaggaattiioonn
-- wwiinndd;; ee..gg.. SSoonncchhuuss aassppeerr
-- aanniimmaallss ((iinnccll.. mmaann));; ee..gg.. BBiiddeennss ppiilloossaa
-- mmaacchhiinneess && ttoooollss
-- wwaatteerr;; ee..gg.. ffllooaattiinngg sseeeeddss bbyy rraaiinn,, iinn ddrraaiinnss,, iirrrriiggaattiioonn wwaatteerr
-- wweeeedd sseeeedd bbaannkk;; ddoorrmmaanntt sseeeeddss iinn ssooiill
BBeenneeffiicciiaall eeffffeeccttss ooff wweeeeddss
-- hhuummaann ccoonnssuummppttiioonn;; ee..gg.. AAmmaarraanntthhuuss sspppp..,, SSoollaannuumm nniiggrruumm
-- aanniimmaall ffeeeedd;; iinnccll.. SSoonncchhuuss aassppeerr ffoorr rraabbbbiittss,, SSeettaarriiaa && PPaanniiccuumm mmaaxxiimmuumm
sseeeeddss ffoorr bbiirrddss
-- mmeeddiicciinnaall ppllaanntt;; PPllaannttaaggoo mmaajjoorr aaggaaiinnsstt ccoonnjjuunnccttiivviittiiss && PPllaannttaaggoo llaanncceeoollaattaa
ffoorr hhyyppeerr--tteennssiioonn,, ffooxxgglloovvee ((DDiiggiittaalliiss ppuurrppuurreeaa)) ssoouurrccee ooff ggllyyccoossiiddeess ddiiggiittaalliinn
aanndd ddiiggiittooxxiinn uusseedd aass ccaarrddiiaacc ssttiimmuullaannttss aanndd vvaassooccoonnssttrriiccttoorrss
-- EErroossiioonn ccoonnttrrooll;; bbaarree ssooiill iiss vvuullnneerraabbllee ttoo ssooiill aanndd wwiinndd eerroossiioonn
-- BBiiooddiivveerrssiittyy ((ffaauunnaa && fflloorraa));; wweeeeddss pprroovviiddee ffoooodd && sshheelltteerr ffoorr aanniimmaall ssppeecciieess
CLASSIFICATION OF WEEDS
- botanical
- ‘agronomical’
- Botanical classification:
- Weed identification – importance for control
- more convenient to scientists than farmers
- Agronomical : more friendly for farmers
Vernacular namesBotanical names
Mauritius Reunion Other countries
Cynodon dactylon chiendent Petit-chiendent
Chiendent fil de fer
Bermuda grass
Couch grass
Elusine indica Chiendent patte poule C. patte poule
Gros chiendent
Digitaria horizontalis Gros meinki Chiendent caille Crab grass
Cyperus rotundus Herbe à oignons Oumine/zoumine Nut grass
Bidens pilosa Villebague Piquant –noir/ sornette Cobler’s pegs
Blackjack
Solanum nigrum Brede martin Morelle/Morelle noire Blackberry/nightshade
Panicum maximum Fataque Herbe fataque Guinea grass /Barby
Sataria barbata H. bambou/ bassine millet
WEEDS
ANNUALS PERENNIALS
Broad-Leaved Grasses Sedges Vines
V/S
CCLLAASSSSIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN OOFF WWEEEEDDSS
AAnnnnuuaall wweeeeddss:: ppllaanntt wwhhiicchh ggrroowwss aanndd ddiieess aafftteerr pprroodduucciinngg sseeeeddss
SSeeeeddss
fflloowweerrss ggeerrmmiinnaattiioonn
‘‘aadduulltt’’ sseeeeddlliinngg
PPeerreennnniiaall wweeeeddss:: ppllaanntt ddooeess nnoott ddiiee aafftteerr ccoommpplleettiinngg ccyyccllee aanndd rreemmaaiinn ffoorr
mmaannyy yyeeaarrss
Botanical name: Ipomoea nil L.
Common name: Liseron
Family : Convulvulaceae
Characteristics : Perennial;
produces large amount of seeds;
widely distributed
Bot. name: Paederia foetida L.
Common name: Lingue
Family : Rubiaceae
Characteristics : Perennial;
reproduces mainly by
rhizomes; widely distributed
• Weeds compete with crops for environmental
resources available in limited supply
• Three essential elements which have a great
influence on growth:
•water
•light
•mineral nutrients
• Competition defined as the tendency of
neighbouring plants to utilise the same quantum of
light, ion of mineral nutrient, molecule of water, or
volume of space. As a consequence, weeds may
reduce yield significantly and impair crop quality.
WEED COMPETITION
- Global or World-wide basis, 10% crop yield reduction by weeds
(Zimdahl, 1980: Froud-Williams, 2002)
- In tropics, crop loss may exceed 15%
- Crop losses depend on many factors
- In s. cane, no weed control may result in total loss of crop in plant
cane whereas a maximum yield loss of 60% may be recorded in
ratoon cane
Economic importance
- Weed control represents an important proportion of the total
expenditure in crop production
- Costs of weed control affect profitability of a crop
- Costs for crop protection (chemicals only) world-wide: US $ 30
billions
- In Mauritius, herbicide imports : Approx. 300 millions MUR
- Costs for weed control in sugar cane estimated at MUR 425
millions
An arbitrary rating scale ranging between 1 and 8 has been established for that purpose by
Rochecouste (1959) as follows :-
1- very rare
2- rare
3- occasional
4- fairly frequent
5- frequent
6- common
7- abundant
8 very abundant
FREQUENCY ABUNDANCE METHOD

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Weeds control in sugarcane

  • 1.
  • 2.  What is a Weed? Definitions: - Any plant or vegetation, excluding fungi, interfering with the objectives or requirements of people (EWRS) - A plant growing where it is not desired (WSSA)
  • 3. CCHHAARRAACCTTEERRIISSIITTIICCSS OOFF WWEEEEDDSS -- ggrrooww vveerryy qquuiicckkllyy && rraappiidd sseeeeddlliinngg ggrroowwtthh -- aaddaappttss eeaassiillyy ttoo ddiiffffeerreenntt aaggrroocclliimmaattiicc ccoonnddiittiioonnss -- rreepprroodduuccttiioonn && mmuullttiipplliiccaattiioonn -- nnuummeerroouuss ffeerrttiillee sseeeeddss -- vveeggeettaattiivveellyy tthhrroo’’ rrhhiizzoommeess,, bbuullbbss -- bbootthh sseeeeddss && vveeggeettaattiivveellyy -- pprrooppaaggaattiioonn -- wwiinndd;; ee..gg.. SSoonncchhuuss aassppeerr -- aanniimmaallss ((iinnccll.. mmaann));; ee..gg.. BBiiddeennss ppiilloossaa -- mmaacchhiinneess && ttoooollss -- wwaatteerr;; ee..gg.. ffllooaattiinngg sseeeeddss bbyy rraaiinn,, iinn ddrraaiinnss,, iirrrriiggaattiioonn wwaatteerr -- wweeeedd sseeeedd bbaannkk;; ddoorrmmaanntt sseeeeddss iinn ssooiill
  • 4. BBeenneeffiicciiaall eeffffeeccttss ooff wweeeeddss -- hhuummaann ccoonnssuummppttiioonn;; ee..gg.. AAmmaarraanntthhuuss sspppp..,, SSoollaannuumm nniiggrruumm -- aanniimmaall ffeeeedd;; iinnccll.. SSoonncchhuuss aassppeerr ffoorr rraabbbbiittss,, SSeettaarriiaa && PPaanniiccuumm mmaaxxiimmuumm sseeeeddss ffoorr bbiirrddss -- mmeeddiicciinnaall ppllaanntt;; PPllaannttaaggoo mmaajjoorr aaggaaiinnsstt ccoonnjjuunnccttiivviittiiss && PPllaannttaaggoo llaanncceeoollaattaa ffoorr hhyyppeerr--tteennssiioonn,, ffooxxgglloovvee ((DDiiggiittaalliiss ppuurrppuurreeaa)) ssoouurrccee ooff ggllyyccoossiiddeess ddiiggiittaalliinn aanndd ddiiggiittooxxiinn uusseedd aass ccaarrddiiaacc ssttiimmuullaannttss aanndd vvaassooccoonnssttrriiccttoorrss -- EErroossiioonn ccoonnttrrooll;; bbaarree ssooiill iiss vvuullnneerraabbllee ttoo ssooiill aanndd wwiinndd eerroossiioonn -- BBiiooddiivveerrssiittyy ((ffaauunnaa && fflloorraa));; wweeeeddss pprroovviiddee ffoooodd && sshheelltteerr ffoorr aanniimmaall ssppeecciieess
  • 5. CLASSIFICATION OF WEEDS - botanical - ‘agronomical’ - Botanical classification: - Weed identification – importance for control - more convenient to scientists than farmers - Agronomical : more friendly for farmers
  • 6. Vernacular namesBotanical names Mauritius Reunion Other countries Cynodon dactylon chiendent Petit-chiendent Chiendent fil de fer Bermuda grass Couch grass Elusine indica Chiendent patte poule C. patte poule Gros chiendent Digitaria horizontalis Gros meinki Chiendent caille Crab grass Cyperus rotundus Herbe à oignons Oumine/zoumine Nut grass Bidens pilosa Villebague Piquant –noir/ sornette Cobler’s pegs Blackjack Solanum nigrum Brede martin Morelle/Morelle noire Blackberry/nightshade Panicum maximum Fataque Herbe fataque Guinea grass /Barby Sataria barbata H. bambou/ bassine millet
  • 8. CCLLAASSSSIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN OOFF WWEEEEDDSS AAnnnnuuaall wweeeeddss:: ppllaanntt wwhhiicchh ggrroowwss aanndd ddiieess aafftteerr pprroodduucciinngg sseeeeddss SSeeeeddss fflloowweerrss ggeerrmmiinnaattiioonn ‘‘aadduulltt’’ sseeeeddlliinngg PPeerreennnniiaall wweeeeddss:: ppllaanntt ddooeess nnoott ddiiee aafftteerr ccoommpplleettiinngg ccyyccllee aanndd rreemmaaiinn ffoorr mmaannyy yyeeaarrss
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Botanical name: Ipomoea nil L. Common name: Liseron Family : Convulvulaceae Characteristics : Perennial; produces large amount of seeds; widely distributed
  • 22. Bot. name: Paederia foetida L. Common name: Lingue Family : Rubiaceae Characteristics : Perennial; reproduces mainly by rhizomes; widely distributed
  • 23. • Weeds compete with crops for environmental resources available in limited supply • Three essential elements which have a great influence on growth: •water •light •mineral nutrients • Competition defined as the tendency of neighbouring plants to utilise the same quantum of light, ion of mineral nutrient, molecule of water, or volume of space. As a consequence, weeds may reduce yield significantly and impair crop quality.
  • 24. WEED COMPETITION - Global or World-wide basis, 10% crop yield reduction by weeds (Zimdahl, 1980: Froud-Williams, 2002) - In tropics, crop loss may exceed 15% - Crop losses depend on many factors - In s. cane, no weed control may result in total loss of crop in plant cane whereas a maximum yield loss of 60% may be recorded in ratoon cane
  • 25. Economic importance - Weed control represents an important proportion of the total expenditure in crop production - Costs of weed control affect profitability of a crop - Costs for crop protection (chemicals only) world-wide: US $ 30 billions - In Mauritius, herbicide imports : Approx. 300 millions MUR - Costs for weed control in sugar cane estimated at MUR 425 millions
  • 26. An arbitrary rating scale ranging between 1 and 8 has been established for that purpose by Rochecouste (1959) as follows :- 1- very rare 2- rare 3- occasional 4- fairly frequent 5- frequent 6- common 7- abundant 8 very abundant FREQUENCY ABUNDANCE METHOD