This document contains an overview of Chapter 2 from a textbook on the human body in health and disease. It discusses anatomical reference systems used to describe body parts and locations. It also covers major body cavities and regions of the thorax and abdomen. Additional topics include cytology, histology, glands, organ systems, pathology, and animations on exocrine/endocrine glands and body planes. The chapter concludes with answers to learning exercises.

1. Chapter 2
The Human Body in
Health and Disease
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2. Anatomic Reference Systems
• Describe the location and functions of body
parts using:
–
–
–
–
Body planes
Body directions
Body cavities
Structural units
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3. Major Body Cavities
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4. Quadrants of the Abdomen
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5. Regions of the Thorax and
Abdomen
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6. Cytology
• The study of the formation, structure, and
function of cells, including:
– Chromosomes
– DNA
– Genetics
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7. Histology
• The study of tissues, which are composed
of cells that join together to perform
specific functions, including:
–
–
–
–
Stem Cells
Epithelial Tissues
Connective Tissues
Muscle Tissue
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8. Glands
• Specialized cells that secrete material used
elsewhere in the body, including:
– Exocrine Glands
– Endocrine Glands
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9. Organ and Body Systems
• Body parts are organized into systems
according to function.
• Examples:
– Skeletal System
– Muscular System
– Cardiovascular System
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10. Pathology
• The study of structural and functional
changes caused by disease.
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11. Animations
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12. Exocrine and Endocrine Glands
Click Here to play Exocrine and Endocrine anim
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13. Body Planes
Click Here to play Body Planes animation
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14. Answers to Learning Exercises
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15. Chapter 2 Answers
Matching Word Parts 1
2.1. adip/o
2.2. anter/o
2.3. aden/o
2.4. -ologist
2.5. -ology
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Matching Word Parts 2
2.6. cyt/o
2.7. cephal/o
2.8. caud/o
2.9. exo2.10. endo-

16. Chapter 2 Answers
Matching Word Parts 3
2.11. poster/o
2.12. -stasis
2.13. path/o
2.14. -plasia
2.15. hist/o
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Definitions
2.16. nosocomial
infection
2.17. dominant gene
2.18. abdominal cavity
2.19. medial
2.20. adult stem

17. Chapter 2 Answers
Definitions
2.21. phenylketonuria
2.22. adenitis
2.23. parietal peritoneum
2.24. gene
2.25. histology
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Matching Regions of the
Thorax and Abdomen
2.26. epigastric region
2.27. umbilicus region
2.28. hypochondriac
region
2.29. hypogastric region
2.30. iliac region

18. Chapter 2 Answers
Which Word?
2.31. inguinal
2.32. genetics
2.33. epidemiologist
2.34. exocrine glands
2.35. inferior
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Spelling Counts
2.36. mesentery
2.37. hemophilia
2.38. hypertrophy
2.39. epithelial
2.40. anomaly

19. Chapter 2 Answers
Matching Pathology of
Tissue Formation
2.41. dysplasia
2.42. anaplasia
2.43. hyperplasia
2.44. hypoplasia
2.45. aplasia
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Term Selection
2.46. proximal
2.47. posterior
2.48. frontal
2.49. midsagittal
2.50. distal

20. Chapter 2 Answers
Sentence Completion
2.51. Down syndrome
2.52. physiology
2.53. thoracic
2.54. iatrogenic
2.55. chromosomes
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Word Surgery
2.56. aden, -ectomy
2.57. endo-, -crine
2.58. hist, -ologist
2.59. retro-, periton, -eal
2.60. path, -ologist

21. Chapter 2 Answers
Word Surgery
2.61. eti-, -ology
2.62. home/o -stasis
2.63. pan-, dem, -ic
2.64. epi-, gastr, -ic
2.65. idi/o, path, -ic
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Clinical Conditions
2.66. epidemic
2.67. functional
2.68. bloodborne
2.69. cytology
2.70. vector-borne

22. Chapter 2 Answers
Clinical Conditions
2.71. quadrant
2.72. waterborne
2.73. pelvic
2.74. peritonitis
2.75. geneticist
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2.76. iliac
2.77. genome
2.78. adenocarcinoma
2.79. loose
2.80. fetal alcohol
syndrome

23. Chapter 2 Answers
Challenge Word
Building
2.81. myoplasty
2.82. myalgia
2.83. gastrosis
2.84. laryngitis
2.85. myectomy
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2.86. gastralgia
2.87. laryngectomy
2.88. nephrosis
2.89. neuroplasty
2.90. nephritis

24. Chapter 2 Answers
Labeling Exercises
2.91. hypochondriac
2.92. umbilical
2.93. hypogastric
2.94. lumbar
2.95. iliac
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2.96. midsagittal
2.97. anterior
2.98. lateral
2.99. posterior
2.100. frontal