2. HISTORY
• Krishna temple was built by the king Krishnadevaraya in 1513 A.D.
to celebrate the conquest of the eastern kingdom of Utkala (Now in
Orrisa).
•The main idol installed in the temple was the figure of BalKrishna
(Lord Krishna as Infant). This idol is now displayed in the state
museum of Chennai. A huge slab installed inside the courtyard of the
temple states a story of this temple and the conquest of Utkala.
•This is one of the must see site in Hampi. The carving are especially
spectacular with the Yalis (The Mythical Lion) on the pillars and the
entrances to the temple hall flanged with impressive carving of
elephant balustrades.
3. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
Exquisite carvings
Elegant Architectural design
Temple complex is adorned with pillared halls and many small shrines
Carving on column.
Entrance gopuram.
Colonade structure.
Mythical lion on the entrance pillars.
Elephant balustrades.
Rocky landscape.
Use of granite stone.
5. The main road to Hampi passes through the temple campus. A small
pavilion can be spot with a rectangular stone container in front of the
temple across the road.
This was used to store the grain for the ritual purpose in the temple
festival. The position and design of vessel suggest that devotees used
to donate food grain as offering
The main temple hall Further (east) outside the temple their is a long
hall like structure. On the right (south) of it is banana plantation. And
the left is the rocky landscape.
Many small shrines and pillared halls adorn the campus. The temple
kitchen is located in the south east of the main shrine.
The main tower at the east is a impressive site with numerous
carving.
Near the west gate of the temple campus you can spot a narrow
passage leading to a large Rectangular building made in Islamic
architecture.
A narrow flight of steps just behind the granary can give you access
7. BAZAAR
The long pavilions
were shops in the
market street
If we walk along these
structures, we will
reach the impressive
temple pond called
Kalyani.
There are structures
around and at middle
is the water tank.
8. PRESENT CONDITION OF KRISHNA
TEMPLE, HAMPI
The Krishna temple is a partially ruined structure. The temple once
had an idol of Balkrishna which is now displayed in the state museum
of Chennai.
The temple tank is now not in use. The nearby agricultural places use
water from the tank.
The Chariot street as mentioned in facts terminates as a series of wide
steps in front of the main temple campus, probably the only such
chariot street in Hampi.
10. HISTORY
The Achyuta Raya temple got built during
the rule of Achyuta Deva Raya, who was
one of the emperors of the Vijayanagara
Empire. He came to power by succeeding
his elder brother Krishna Deva Raya in the
year 1529.
The stunning and heavenly temple is
devoted to Lord Tiruvengalanatha; he is a
configuration of Lord Vishnu. Thus, this
temple was initially known as
Tiruvengalanatha Temple. However, later
on, it came to be called after the king in
whose reign it was built. Hence, it became
widely known as the Achyuta Raya temple.
12. PLANNING
The principal shrine of the temple is located in the centre of a pair of rectangular
concentric enclosures. There are pillared verandas on the interior flanks of the two
courtyard walls. The outer walkways are in a state of decay, collapse, and disintegration.
The temple is distinctly visible from the top of the Matanga Hill. It is at the end of the
abandoned Courtesan Street.
On entering the inner court one
can spot a chamber that is facing
the porch leading to the central hall.
There is a small shrine chamber
which once sanctified an image of
Garuda.
13. The accessible hall has few extremely lauded sculpted pillars in
Hampi. The carvings are done on monolithic blocks of rocks.
The statues and sculptures on the pillars reveal themes like lord
Vishnu blessing an elephant, lord Krishna practising his flute
while the calves are watching this scene with interest and infant
Krishna dancing with a snake and holding it by the tail.
There is a Mandapa which is a marriage hall of the Gods and
the Goddesses for the yearly nuptials.
14. MAJOR ATTRACTION
Courtesan's Street
The famous Courtesan’s Street extends in front of the Achyuta Raya Temple.
In olden times, this was a bustling place, a hub of activity. You will masses
of intricately carved pillars scattered on both sides of the street. These
pillars were formerly part of the pavilions that flanked either side of the
street. You can also see unfinished blocks of pillars
In olden days, when the Vijayanagara kingdom
was at its peak, Courtesan’s Street was a
flourishing market of precious goods like
ivory, gems and pearls. Inexplicably,
it came to be known as Sule Bazaar
(prostitutes’ market). This bustling
market has been vividly described
in the literature and documents of that time.
15. ENCLOSURES AND PRAKARAM
The temple consists of
a garbhagriha, antarala, pradakshinapatha,s
abhamandapa, mahasabhamandapa, kalyana
mandapa, Devi shrine etc. All these are
enclosed in two prakaras one within the
other.
The outer prakara has main gates at northern and western
directions, whereas the inner prakara has the gateways at
north, east, and west. All these gateways had gopuras,
which are in ruined condition now.
16. MAHASABHAMANDAPA AND SCULPTURES
The mahasabhamandapa stands on thirty
pillars set in five rows. The pillars exhibit
typical Vijayanagara features. To the
south-west is the Devi shrine and
its garbhagriha is empty now.
Its sabhamandapa has a sculpture, which
has been identified as that of King
Achyutaraya, the builder of this temple.
The sculptures of this temple exhibit good workmanship.
The bass-reliefs of combination of bull and elephant arrest
our attention. The pillars in general are neatly executed
with elegantly carved sculptures of gods and goddesses
17. KALYANAMANDAPA AND PILLARED HALL
To the west is a large and
rectangular kalyanamandapa or marriage
pavilion. It has over one hundred pillars
with sculptures of Garuda, Hanuman, and
Vishnu etc.
In front of this complex are low-pillared mandapas, which
had bazaars, or markets where merchants used to stock
in heaps pearls and other precious stones and sell them.
Many foreign travelers have graphically described this
pearl bazaar the type of which never existed anywhere in
the world except Hampi. That was the glory of
Vijayanagara
19. ABOUT
Virupaksha temple is located on the south bank of
river Tungabhadra.
This area is general has been an important pilgrimage
centrefor the worshipers of lord shiva
Its inception in the 7th century AD.Virupaksha-Pampa
santuary.
Started in Vijaynagara period,began a flowering art.
20.
21. The main entrance tower of
Virupaksha temple is east facing
and 9 storied tower with a pair of
cow horn like projections on top.
The lower two tiers is made of
decorated stone work.
Superstructure is made with
mortar.
The exterior of the first tier spots
many intresting stucco figures.
The main temple is east facing
and has two large courtyards,
one leading to the order.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
22. The first courtyard has a pillared
hall called 100 – column hall at
the far left corner,
kalyanamantapa at the far right
corner.
Both sets of pillars stand 10-15
feet high and appear to be
carved out of a single block of
stone
Just next to left immediately after
entered, the triple headed nandi
(bull statue).
Behind this the wall is painted
with with a large map of hampi
Furthur east the second three
storied tower built in 1510 AD.
23. PLANNING
In the middle of the
court, the axis facing the
main shrine
Lamp post,
The balipitas
A flag post
A whitewashed pavilion in
which two nandi (Bull)
status are positioned.
24. In the open area in the centre there is a pillared
cloisters leaving gaps at the north , south and east
edges for a series of sub shrines.
The front portion has a row of decorated pillars.
The lion figure carved at the base of each of these
pillars supporting the slender upper portion.
The central pillared hall known as the ranga
25. Pair of elephant balustrades at the middle of the row
gives access to the top of the cloister platform.
This hall with 5 aisles and 38 pillars is used for
temple rituals including the marriage ceremonies.
The highlights includes rows of pillars shaped with
ion like mythical creatures (yalis) standing on aquatic
creatures (Crocodiles)
26. Further west, beyond a
small inner hall, is the
sanctum sanctorum of
lord virupaksha
Two 4 armed guardian
deities,about 8 feet tall,
stand on either side of the
entrance to the inner hall.
The ceiling of the inner
hall is decorated with an
open lotus motif
The sanctum surrounds
the sanctum.
The sub shrine are that of
goddess pampa and
bhuvaneswari towards the
north of the main shrine.
27. The short circular pillars and the doorways and the
ceiling are richly carved.
A bit east along the cloister, a flight of leading to an
underground chamber.
This contains the shrine of pataleswara
Further east is the shrine of the planetary deities are
arranged on an elevated platform.
Behind the main sanctum a light of steps leads to the
rear exit of the temple complex.
29. Further west, beyond a small inner hall, is the sanctum
sanctorum of lord virupaksha
Two 4 armed guardian deities , about 8 feet tall, stand on
either side of the entrance to the inner hall.
The ceiling of the inner hall is decorated with an open
lotus motif
The sanctum surrounds the sanctum.
The sub shrine are that of goddess pampa and
Bhubaneswari towards the north of the main shrine.
31. HISTORY
• Situated northeast of Hampi, opposite the village of Anegondi, this
is one of the principal monuments of the city. It is dedicated to
Vittala, an aspect of Vishnu worshipped in the Maratha country. It is
believed to date from the 16th century
• The temple was originally built in the 15th century AD. Many
successive kings have enhanced the temple campus during their
regimes to the present form. we can even see the remains of a
township called Vittalapura that existed around this temple complex.
• Much of Vijayanagar is now in ruins, as when the rulers were
defeated at the hands of the invaders at the battle of Talikota in the
16th century, most of the marvelous structures and edifices were
systematically destroyed.
32. ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
Modest structures of low height.
Spans large areas and courtyards are present.
Huge compound walls.
Use of granite, brick.
Intricately decorated temples.
Pillars having- horse capitals, different shapes, pillars decorated by
small pillars.
Drops made more interesting.
Shrines-Amman shrines ,kalyana mandapa.
Musical Pillars.
33. PLANNING
As the epicenter of Hampi's
attractions, Vittala Temple is the
most extravagant architectural
showpiece of Hampi. No amount
of words can explain this
spectacle. The temple is built in
the form of a sprawling campus
with compound wall and gateway
towers. There are many halls,
pavilions and temples located
inside this campus. Vittala, after
whom the temple is known, is a
form of lord Vishnu.
34. STONE CHARIOT
The stone chariot is a Garuda shrine which faces west towards
Vishnu's temple (plan). Garuda is the mount of Vishnu, and as usual
the mount faces the god. The building north of the shrine is a pillared
hall used for religious ceremonies. The stone chariot is drawn by a
pair of miniaturized elephants. It is said that the wheels were once
able to turn on their axles, although they are currently cemented in
place.
35. MANDAPA
The ranga mandapa is one of the main attractions of the vittala temple.
The large mandapa is renowned for its 56 musical pillars. These musical
pillars are also known as ‘SAREGAMA’ pillars, indicating the musical notes
emitted by them. The musical notes and emanated when the pillars are
tapped gently.
The maha-mandapa contains four open halls within. The south, north and
the east ones are still intact.
The ceilings of the halls too are of interest with the lotus like carving at the
centre.
Further west is a closed hall with two porches on either side. Further ahead
is the sanctum.
The southern hall is dominated with the rampant mythical creatures called
Yalis. The capitals of each of the pillars branches into heavily ornate corbels
with terminating with lotus buds.
36. PRESENT CONDITION OF VITTHALA
TEMPLE, HAMPI
The Vittala Temple is in a partially ruined. The sanctum sanctorum of
the temple once contained an idol of Lord Vittala. However, now the
sanctum is devoid of any idol. The central western hall of the temple
was ruined long ago during the attack of the Mughals that led to
the downfall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 A.D.
Even the road leading to the temple is in a completely ruined state.
The road was once the location of a thriving market place. The
market was known as the Vittala Bazaar and was famous for horse
trading. The ruins of the market can be seen on both sides of the
road.
38. HISTORY
A chapel was first built in Panaji in 1541, to serve the religious needs
of Portuguese sailors at their first port of call in colonial Portuguese
India.
At that time the settlement was a small fishing village.It became
a Parish in 1600, and in 1609 the small chapel was replaced by the
present day large church to minister to the residents and sailors.
In the 18th century the stairways, in a symmetrical zigzag form, were
added to the church. The second largest church bell in Goa was
installed in a bell tower in 1871. It was formerly at the augustinian
Monastery on Holy Hill, and was retrieved after the monastery was
damaged.
39. ARCHITECTURE
Exterior
The exterior facade of the church, rich with Portuguese Baroque
style architectural elements is painted a bright white to signify the
Immaculate virgin, Mary. The tall belfry centered atop the facade
houses the bell from the Augustinian Monastery. The imposing façade
is distinctive with its two towers and centrally placed taller belfry. It
can be seen from a great distance and is often known as the ‘crown’
of Panjim. The church is laid out in the orthodox cruciform fashion
with a nave and a transept. The steps are possibly remodeled after
the Bom Jesus do Monte church in Tenões, Portugal
40. The interior of the church is not extravagant, but is colorful . The main
altar, which has an elegant decor, is dedicated to Mother Mary. There are
two other intricately carved, gold plated and decorated altars, one each
on either side of the main altar. The one to the left is of Jesus's
Crucifixion, and the one to the right is of the Our Lady of the Rosary.
These two altars are flanked by marble statues of St Peter and St Paul.
On festive occasions, the wooden structural elements, which form part of
the vaulted ceiling above the altars, are festooned with twines of blue
and white flowers, an indication of the external color scheme of the
church.
There is also a chapel of St. Francis Xavier, located in the south transept
to the right side of the main altar; the statues in this chapel are enclosed
in a glass case.
INTERIOR
42. ABOUT
Situated at Campal, Panaji along the banks of river Mandovi.Area has
mixed land use with a military hospital across the road, a cricket
ground and a park on either side.
Architect : Charles Correa
Building Type : Institution
Site Area : 6.3acres
Venue of international film festival of India.
Established in 1969 - prime institution for promotion of art and
culture in Goa.
Vibrant representation of the culture and art of the people of Goa
this is expressed in the staggering amount and variety of cultural
programs held in its premises.
43. BUILDING STYLE AND CHARACTER
Importance to the process of moving through the spaces in a building.
Built form has been kept low ranging from one to three floors.
This is further enhanced by the use of parapet walls for upper floors, which emphasize horizontally.
The 'pergola 'above the entrance acts as an extension to the foyer of the main auditorium and
amphitheater.
Use of wafer slabs and parapet walls.
Extensive use of specially designed seating.
Interior walls are painted with pictures mostly depicting Konkanise culture and create illusion.
The spatial organization is relatively horizontal, organized around an orthogonal grid with an
interesting play of volumes.
The grid allows Correa the flexibility to manipulate spaces to create a very rich sensory experience,
while at the same time, meeting the functional requirements of the programme.
Thus, the entrance is through a double height space with an open floor plan in the ground floor
drawing one inside. One moves through a very interesting series of spaces, a deliberate internal street
derived undoubtedly from the nostalgic past of Goa.
44. PLANNING
Four entries to the site.
Boat jetty provided on the river side.
Coverage is about 40% Well defined pedestrian and vehicular systems Includes
the cafeteria, garden and amphitheater. Site is divided into main building service
building, parking area, the exhibition space.
Building is divided into three zones: Public, Administration, Academic
Provided at different levels so as to avoid conflict between these zones
Ground floor includes facilities like auditorium, Preview Theater, amphitheater,
art gallery, and canteen etc, where public entry is invited
First and second floors include academic and administration facilities.
Circulation linked to the zoning and has been segregated by separating them
through levels - ground floor for audience functions and first and second floor
for staff and students with a necessary degree of inter linking.
45. SPACES AT KALA ACADEMY
1) D.M
Kalamandir
2) OAT
3) Mini OAT
4) Black Box
5) Rehearsal
Room
6) Art Gallery
7) Meeting
Room
8) Guest
9) Preview Theatre
10) Cafeteria
11) Library
12) Teaching Studio
13) Green Room
14) Kitchen
15) Administration
16) Reception
17) Lounge
46. D.M KALA MANDIR (A. C
AUDITORIUM) Seating capacity - 2000 Stage opening - 9.6 m Area - 1300 sq.m
Orchestra pit- 7.2 x 2.1 m.
Variety of acoustical conditions ranging from speech, plays to sitar
recitals and orchestral arrangements.
Walls of the auditorium are painted illusions of an old goan theatre.
Stage is 80cm high from the first row.
47. OPEN AIR AMPHITHEATRE
Seating capacity (no chair) – 2000
Proscenium opening - 15m Depth from curtain line- 12m Amphitheatre is
of double herringbone shape.
Main entry from road main lobby and the restaurant area. Stage is raised at
75cm above the ground floor level (eye level of the first row)
Lower Seat rise - 30 cm and tread of 100 cm
Acoustics are good as the seats block out noise from the road side and the
stage blocks out noise from the river side
48. BLACK BOX
Seating capacity - 200.
Used for experimental productions, music concerts, meetings and
amateur performances.
Also used as a recording studio.
49. LANDSCAPE
Beautiful lawns form the main part of the site.
Trees are provided aptly at the front side of the building.
Specially designed benches and lamp posts line the path Along the
river side.
50. ANALYSIS
The layout and the building zoning provided are Excellent has
brought in a different overall treatment
Good acoustical treatment
The flow of spaces has resulted in a good built-open relationship.
Good use of site features has successfully made the public spaces
interesting by use of sculptures, paintings, seatings etc.
Vehicular and pedestrian ways properly defined.
51. GERARD DA
CUNHA
31st January 2018
He is an Indian
architect based in Goa .
He is known for
utilizing locally
available material and
traditional construction
techniques in harmony
with it’s ecosystem.
52. HOUSES OF GOA MUSEUM
Next to the school , Gerard has built a triangular ship
like building made of laterite stones . It had and
architectural oddity in itself.
55. SHIKSHA NIKETAN
THE NEW SHIKSHA BUILDING IS ADJACENT TO NISHA’S PLAY
SCHOOL IN TORDA.
IT IS A CREATIVE SPACE TO EXPAND THE IMAGINATION OF
CHILDEN.
THE SCHOOL IS GROUPED AROUND AN INFORMAL THEATRE
WHICH CAN ACCOMMODATE CHILDREN FROM BOTH SCHOOLS.
IT IS A LARGE BUILDING AND TO MINIMIZE ITS IMPACT ON
THE LANDSCAPE, MOST OF THE BUILDING IS HIDDEN.
FROM THE ROAD ONE WALKS ONTO A PLAZA WHICH HOUSES
AN OUTDOOR AMPHTHEATER.
59. NISHA’S PLAY SCHOOL
IT IS BUILT ON AN EIGHT HUNDRED SQUARE METER PLOT ,.
THE FLAT AREA WAS RETAINED AS A PLAYGROUND WHILE THE MAIN
BUILDING WAS BUILT ON THE SLOPE, BALANCING CUT AND FILL.
NATURAL LIGHT, WESTERLY BREEZE AND MAXIMISING THE USE OF SPACE
WHERE INSTRUMENTAL IN DETERMINING THE EVENTUAL FORM.
SPATIAL EXPERIENCE ADDED BY THE INSERTION OF A CIRCULAR STAIRCASE
CORE WITH A CHUTE.
63. ABOUT MESUEM OF GOA
Museum of Goa (MOG) is an endeavor to take art to the masses. It
seeks to break social and cultural barriers and make art accessible
to all.
This inclusive space for the Arts will bring together artists,
curators, collectors, art enthusiasts, educators, students and
audiences from all walks of life. It will host exhibitions, as well as
workshops, residencies, lectures, talks and art courses. MOG
intends to be a platform for contemporary Indian and international
artists, building a cultural network for exchange and interaction.
64. MOG offers 1,500 square meters of
space to display art and is centrally
located in Pilerne Industrial Estate,
Bardez, Goa.
The three storey structure is designed
by the well-known architect Dean
D’Cruz.
Standing between industries on one
side and forestland on the other, it
houses galleries, an Art Store, a café,
an auditorium and studios for artists.
65. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
Open spaces .
Lighter walls for dark exhibits .
Utilization of central spaces.
Large openings .
Use of recycled material.
Workshop spaces .
Merchandise store.
68. ABOUT
The Fort is located in a small village called Reis Magos in the northern
banks of the river Bardez, in the Indian state Goa.
Location : Verem, Bardez, Goa near to the capital city of Panajim.
Building Type : Fort, museum
Restoration : Ar. Gerard De Cunha
Activities : Exibition, wedding events
Establishment : 1497 by Adil shah and restored in 2011
69. ARCHITECTURE
Constructed of the readily available and
extremely durable laterite rock, the walls are
high and formidable due to their steep
slopes.
There are cylindrical turrets or watchtowers,
typical of Portuguese fort architecture at
strategic points along the walls. The fort also
has within its walls a fresh water spring which
kept the troops well-supplied with this
essential resource.
Boasting an arsenal of 33 cannons of various
sizes, the fort was well equipped to deal with
invaders making their way up the Mondovi to
the then capital of Goa.
The fort could accommodate a fully armed
garrison and has a wealth of underground
73. MAJOR SPACES
ART GALLERY:
The gallery exhibits a collection of original
artworks by various Goan artists including
different mediums like Watercolour, Acrylic,
Oil Paintings, Photographs, and more on
paper or canvas.
The Gallery looks forward to showcasing
Goan artists, providing artists with the right
calibre and skill with a platform to render
their artworks and support the art to sustain.
One can allure the creativity that the artists
have unveiled in their artworks.
74. HISTORY & RESTORATION HALL:
The Gallery offers a detailed history of
the fort from its origin as a defence
fortress, to being used as a jail and then
a hospital, the fort has served the state
since 1493. It was abandoned in 1993
and its restoration.
GUNLOOPS:
The Gunloops is a type of embrasure in a
structure designed to provide in case of
enemy attack. Following the restoration,
it is now being used to exhibit images
real and imagined of Goa and her people.
The 100 panels in this exhibition cover
the life of Goa over a span of almost 450
years starting from the early
16th Century. Subject include
Monuments, Landscapes, People, Maps
and even Battle and Market Scenes. The
77. HISTORY
Located in Goa, India
An UNESCO World Heritage Site
The basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier. The saint is said to
have miraculous powers of healing.
Bom Jesus' (literally, 'Good (or Holy) Jesus') is the name used for the Ecce Homo
in the countries of Portuguese colonization.
India’s first minor basilica
One of the best examples of baroque architecture in India.
Construction started: 1594
Construction completed: 1605
80. INTERIORS
ACCESS AMOUNT OF LIGHT AND AIR IN THE INTERIORS
Apart from the elaborate gilded altars, the interior of the church is
simple.
The main altar holds a large statue of St. Ignatius of Loyola, the
founder of the Society of Jesus
83. On the upper level, overlooking the tomb, is the
Bom Jesus Basilica Art Gallery, containing the
works of the Goan surrealist painter, Dom Martin
.
OPENINGSINNER COURTYARD BELL
85. HISTORY
The word Sé is Portuguese for See. The Se Cathedral was built to
commemorate the victory of the Portuguese under Afonso de Albuquerque
over a Muslim army, leading to the capture of the city of Goa in 1510. Since
the day of the victory happened to be on the feast of Saint Catherine, the
cathedral was dedicated to her.
Construction began: 1552
Construction completed: 1619
It had two towers, but one collapsed in 1776 and was never rebuilt.
In 1953, the Cathedral was presented with "The Golden Rose" by Venerable
Pope Pius XII. The Golden Rose is a gold ornament, which the Popes of the
Catholic Church have traditionally blessed and conferred as a token of
reverence or affection. It is placed on the tomb of St. Francis Xavier.
