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1. LOREM IPSUM
Book Title
DOLOR SET AMET
McKenna Chase Monday, December 1, 2014 at 10:16:44 AM Pacific Standard Time 70:cd:60:8b:aa:a6

2. CHAPTER 1
Digestive
System
McKenna Chase Monday, December 1, 2014 at 10:16:44 AM Pacific Standard Time 70:cd:60:8b:aa:a6

3. SECTION 1
Ruminants
4 COMPARTMENTS:
1. Rumen
2. Reticulum
3. Omasum
4. Abomasum
Reticulum:
-Inner walls are lined with membranes that are divided
into honeycomb like compartments
-foreign matter such as nails and wires are filtered by
the Reticulum
-it acts as a collection site for metal objects
Omasum:
-contains many folds of tissue that line the interior
-absorbs water and decreases the size of food particles
Abomasum:
-secretes digestive enzymes
-function is similar to the stomach of a non-ruminant
-Functions as digestive unit of calves until several
months old when rumination begins
2
Functions:
Rumen:
-largest compartment
-takes up 80% of the stomach’s capacity
-contains bacteria and microorganisms that partially
break down food
-Bacteria transforms low-quality protein and nitrogen
compounds into essential amino acids
-Food is regurgitated from the Rumen, rechewed in the
form of a cud, and swallowed for further digestion
McKenna Chase Monday, December 1, 2014 at 10:16:44 AM Pacific Standard Time 70:cd:60:8b:aa:a6

4. SECTION 2
Nonruminants
1. Food is passed from the mouth to the
esophagus to a single compartment stomach
2. The stomach breaks down food by muscular
movement and digestive juices
3. Digestive juices break down proteins and fats
3
Intestines:
-the primary site for digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids,
and proteins is the small intestine
-Undigested food passes from the small intestine to the large intestine
where water is absorbed and lubricating mucus is added to aid the pas-sage
of material through the large intestine
McKenna Chase Monday, December 1, 2014 at 10:16:44 AM Pacific Standard Time 70:cd:60:8b:aa:a6

5. SECTION 3
Cecal Fermenters
4
Cecum:
-They have a large cecum allowing them to consume moderate levels
of roughages
-Bacteria are present in the cecum to digest roughages
McKenna Chase Monday, December 1, 2014 at 10:16:44 AM Pacific Standard Time 70:cd:60:8b:aa:a6

6. SECTION 4
Digestive Process
5 Processes:
1. Mechanical
2.Peristalsis
3.Chemical
4.Absorption
5.Metabolism
5
Mechanical:
-digestions begins in the mouth
-food is chewed and broken down into smaller pieces
*poultry use a gizzard to grind food*
Peristalsis:
-a muscular contraction of the digestive system
-causes food to move through the digestive tract
-this occurs as a wavelike movement
Chemical:
-involves enzymes and acids to reduce food particle size and
change food particles into forms that the animal can use
-some chemical digestion occurs in the mouth with saliva
-Most takes place in the stomach and small intestines
Absorption:
-nutrients move from the digestive tract into the blood stream
-takes place mainly in the small intestine through villi
-In ruminants, some absorption takes place in the rumen
-occurs through diffusion and osmosis
Metabolism:
-removes nutrients from the blood stream and allows different
organs of the body to use nutrients
-responsible for growth of bone, muscle, fat, skin, and hair
-maintains body temperature and proper functioning of or-gans
-aids in repair of body tissue, production of milk and perform-ance
McKenna Chase Monday, December 1, 2014 at 10:16:44 AM Pacific Standard Time 70:cd:60:8b:aa:a6

7. 6
Cecal Fermenter
McKenna Chase Monday, December 1, 2014 at 10:16:44 AM Pacific Standard Time 70:cd:60:8b:aa:a6