Research on eastern european contries

• Albania
• Armenia
• Azerbaijan
• Belarus
• Bosnia and
Herzegovina
• Bulgaria
• Croatia
• Czech Republic
• Estonia
• Georgia
• Hungary
• Latvia
• Lithuania
•Republic of
Macedonia
• Moldova
• Montenegro
• Poland
• Romania
• Russian Federation
• Serbia
• Slovakia
• Slovenia
• Ukraine
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 Byelorussian SSR
 Czechoslovakia
 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro
 German Democratic Republic
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Ukrainian SSR
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 Eastern Europe sourcing are particularly
renowned for their mineral resources and trained
manpower.
 After globalization, all these countries have
become active participants of market economy
and engage in international trade.
 There is regular exchange of factors of
production with these nations.
✔ Raw Material Sourcing.
✔ Man Power Sourcing
✔ Technology Sourcing

✔ Minerals are the chief material sourced from this
nation.
✔ This country is a rich source of coal, bauxite,
copper, lead and zinc.
✔ Romania is rich in iron ore.
✔ Ukraine is rich in magnesium, graphite coal.

31 21
97
147
33
107 81
296
30 27
202
41
71
13 7
814
285
83
138
59
337
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
GDP PPP
in billion

$11,400
$6,128
$10,568
$15,633
$8,590
$16,041
$18,314
$28,086
$23,213
$6,100
$20,455
$20,204
$23,978
$3,736
$11,800
$21,118
$13,395
$11,553
$25,525
$28,373
$7,422
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
GDP PPP
Per capita
in USD

106.
8
31 20.83 97.172 97.172 80.62 GDP PPP
In million

295.89129.944 27.3 202.356 41 7.3470.904
GDP PPP
In million

285.131 83.174 138.277 58.509 337.36
GDP PPP
In million

 Capital - Sofia
 Official languages – Bulgarian
 Government - Unitary parliamentary republic
 Population - 2011 census – 7.3 million
 GDP (PPP) 2013 estimate
- Total - $106.8 billion
- Per capita - $16,041
 GDP (nominal) 2013 estimate
- Total - $54.446
billion
 Currency - Lev (BGN) (1 Bulgarian Lev equals
0.68 US Dollar)
Currency fluctuation over last 3
years
GDP fluctuation over last 10 years Trade Balance fluctuation over last 3
years
Current account deficit -25

 Extraction of metals and minerals, production of chemicals, machinery and vehicle
components, petroleum refining and steel.
 Mining and its related industries employ a total of 120,000 people and generate about
5% of the country's GDP.
 Bulgaria is Europe's sixth-largest coal producer.
 Local deposits of coal, iron, copper and lead are vital for the manufacturing and energy
sectors.
 net exporter of agricultural and food products.
 largest global producer of perfumery essential oils such as lavender and rose oil.
 Of the services sector, tourism is the most significant contributor to economic growth.
 emerged as a travelling destination with its inexpensive resorts and beaches outside the
reach of the tourist industry.
 Lonely Planet ranked it among its top 10 destinations for 2011.
 Giants such as Boeing, BMW, General Motors, Siemens, and Nortel contract small
programming firms in Bulgaria.
 Bulgaria’s relatively cheap and qualified labor force, along with its low taxes and office
rents, provide great benefits for business investors.

Top 5 Products exported by
Bulgaria
Refined Petroleum (13%), Refined
Copper (7.2%), Packaged Medicaments
(2.9%), Wheat (2.7%), and Raw Copper
(2.5%)
Top 5 Products imported by
Bulgaria
Crude Petroleum (15%), Copper Ore
(8.1%), Refined Petroleum (4.4%),
Packaged Medicaments (2.8%), and
Semiconductor Devices (2.5%)
Top 5 Export destinations of
Bulgaria
Italy (10%), Germany (9.8%), Turkey
(9.8%), Romania (7.1%), and Greece
(6.1%)
Top 5 Import origins of
Bulgaria
Russia (15%), Germany (9.4%), China
(6.5%), Italy (6.2%), and Romania (5.7%)

 Capital and largest city – Bucharest
 Official languages – Romanian
 Government - Unitary semi-presidential republic
 Population - 20 October 2011 census - 20.1 million
 Currency - Romanian leu (RON) (1 Romanian Leu equals 0.30 US Dollar)
years
years

 Romania's main exports are cars, software, clothing and textiles,
industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, metallurgic
products, raw materials, military equipment, pharmaceuticals, fine
chemicals, and agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers).
 Trade is mostly centered on the member states of the European Union,
with Germany and Italy being the country's single largest trading
partners.
 The current account balance in 2012 is estimated to have held a deficit
of $6.474 billion and −4.52% of the GDP.

Romania
Cars (6.2%), Vehicle Parts (5.6%),
Insulated Wire (5.4%), Refined
Petroleum (4.1%), and Rubber Tires
(2.5%)
Romania
Crude Petroleum (5.8%), Packaged
Medicaments (3.7%), Vehicle Parts
(3.2%), Refined Petroleum (2.9%), and
Insulated Wire (2.0%)
Romania
Germany (18%), Italy (11%), France
(7.3%), Turkey (5.6%), and Hungary
(4.2%)
Romania
Germany (17%), Italy (11%), Hungary
(8.7%), France (5.6%), and Kazakhstan
(4.3%)

 Capital and largest city - Belgrade
 Official languages - Serbian
 Government - Parliamentary republic
 Population - 2011 census - 7.1 million
- Per capita - $11,553 (excluding Kosovo)
- Per capita - $6,161 (excluding Kosovo)
 Currency - Serbian dinar (RSD) (1 Serbian Dinar equals 0.011 US Dollar )
years
years

 Since 2000, Serbia has attracted over $25 billion in foreign direct investment
(FDI).
 Blue-chip corporations making investments in Serbia include: FIAT, Siemens,
Bosch, Philip Morris, Michelin, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg and others.
 In the energy sector, Russian energy giants, Gazprom and Lukoil have made
large investments.
 Serbia has an unfavorable trade balance: imports exceed exports by almost
30%. Serbia's exports, however, recorded a steady growth in last couple of
years reaching $14.6 billion in 2013.
 The country has free trade agreements with the EFTA and CEFTA, a
preferential trade regime with the European Union, a Generalized System of
Preferences with the United States, and individual free trade agreements with
Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Turkey.

Serbia
Corn (5.3%), Insulated Wire (3.6%), Cars
(3.4%), Rubber Tires (2.7%), and Frozen
Fruits and Nuts (2.2%)
Serbia
Refined Petroleum (5.8%), Petroleum Gas
(5.1%), Crude Petroleum (4.3%),
Packaged Medicaments (3.4%), and Cars
(2.5%)
Serbia
Germany (11%), Italy (11%), Bosnia and
Herzegovina (8.6%), Russia (7.8%), and
Romania (6.4%)
Serbia
Germany (11%), Russia (9.5%), Italy
(8.6%), China (6.5%), and Hungary (5.7%)

 Capital and largest city - Kiev
 Official languages - Ukrainian
 Government - Unitary semi-presidential constitutional
republic
 Population - 2014 estimate - 44.2 million
 Currency - Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH)
years
years
Current account deficit 43

 Produces nearly all types of transportation vehicles and spacecraft,
Antonov airplanes and KrAZ trucks are exported to many countries.
The majority of Ukrainian exports are marketed to the European
Union and CIS.
 The country imports most energy supplies, especially oil and natural
gas and to a large extent depends on Russia as its energy supplier.
While 25% of the natural gas in Ukraine comes from internal sources,
about 35% comes from Russia and the remaining 40% from Central
Asia through transit routes that Russia controls. At the same time,
85% of the Russian gas is delivered to Western Europe through
Ukraine.

Ukraine
Semi-Finished Iron (9.2%), Seed Oils
(5.4%), Corn (5.3%), Hot-Rolled Iron
(4.4%), and Iron Ore (4.4%)
Ukraine
Petroleum Gas (16%), Refined Petroleum
(10%), Cars (3.6%), Packaged
Medicaments (3.3%), and Coal
Briquettes (2.6%)
Ukraine
Russia (24%), Egypt (6.5%), Turkey
(5.2%), Italy (3.8%), and Kazakhstan
(3.5%)
Ukraine
Russia (31%), China (9.0%), Germany
(8.2%), Belarus (6.4%), and Poland
(5.0%)

 Capital and largest city - Budapest
 Official languages - Hungarian
 Government - Parliamentary republic
 Population - January 2014 estimate - 9.8 million
 Currency - Forint (HUF)
years
years
Current account deficit 19000

Hungary
Cars (4.7%), Broadcasting
Equipment (4.6%), Video Displays
(4.2%), Vehicle Parts (4.1%), and
Spark-Ignition Engines (3.6%)
Hungary
Crude Petroleum (5.1%), Petroleum
Gas (3.7%), Packaged Medicaments
(3.3%), Vehicle Parts (3.1%), and
Telephones (3.0%)
Hungary
Germany (25%), Romania (6.5%),
Austria (5.3%), Italy (4.8%), and
France (4.7%)
Top 5 Import origins of Hungary
Germany (23%), Russia (9.3%),
China (6.2%), Austria (6.2%), and
Slovakia (4.8%)

 AFCEA Europe - The official association for communications, electronics, information systems and intelligence professionals in Europe.
Airbus - A culturally diverse company that develops, produces and supports world-leading airliners seating.
 Dassault Aviation - A manufacturer and exporter of combat aircraft, which includes civil and military aircraft.
 European Aeronautic Defence and Space - Specialized in commercial & military aircraft maintenance and modification.
 Giat Industries - Manufactures artillery systems, main tank armament, medium calibre weapons, and more in France.
 ITP Group - Involved in activities such as research, design, development, manufacturing and maintenance of engines.
 Pilatus Aircraft Ltd - A Swiss manufacturer of single-engine turboprop aircraft that also develops, produces and sells aircraft and training
systems.
 Rolls-Royce - Operates in four global markets: civil aerospace, defence aerospace, and marine and energy.
 Snecma Group - A company that specializes in the manufacture of aircraft and rocket engines headquartered in Courcouronnes, France.
 Turbomeca - Produces turbojet engines for aircraft and missiles, as well as turbines for land, industrial and marine applications.
 Techspace Aero - Designs, develops and produces modules, equipment and test cells for aerospace engines.

 S.C. Farmec Plast S.A. - Specialized in producing and decorating packages of high
quality from plastic mass for products in cosmetics. (Romania)
 S.C. Hartplast S.A. - A manufacturer that produces the following: flower pots and flower
boxes and plastic products for the food industry. (Romania)
 Dow Customer Information Group (Belgium)
 Paccor Packaging Solution.
 Petruzalek - A business organization dealing with packaging technologies. Offers a wide
range of packaging machines and packaging materials.
 Greif - Specialists in industrial packaging products and services.
 Capardoni & Co. - Specialists in the production of top quality closures for the cosmetic,
pharmaceutical and food industries.
 Amcor Limited - As the world’s largest packaging company, Amcor offers exclusive and
innovative solutions that are at the forefront of the packaging industry.

 Nolato AB - Manufacturers of bottles, jars, vials, and closures for the pharmaceutical, healthcare and personal
care industries.
 NV Vandeweghe Flexo-Printing - Belgium based company specialized in flexible packaging.
 Armando Álvarez Gorup - European packaging company based in Spain for polyethylene plastic
converter and specialized in industrial plastic packaging.
 Deffrennes frères - Specialists in food packing; Foie gras, wine, porks, confectionery, cheeses,
dry fruits, Specialists in cosmetics packaging.
 Alción Plásticos, S.L - Designs and produces a range of plastic containers for cosmetics, food,
chemicals, and more.
 Coexpan Net - Specialists in the production of flexible, plastic packaging for foods.
 Sonoco Europe is a proud member of the Sonoco Family, a global provider of consumer
packaging, industrial products, protective packaging and packaging supply chain services.
 Silgan closures - Global supplier of caps and closures to the food and beverage industries

 http://www.ezilon.com/business/aerospace_and_defense/manufacturing/index.shtml
 http://www.ezilon.com/business/packaging/index.shtml
 http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Automotive/The-Central-and-Eastern-European-
automotive-market---Country-profile--Bulgaria
 http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/EasternEurope.html
 http://www.ningbofocus.com/2014-central-eastern-european-countries-products-fair/
 http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/visualizations/gdp-composition-by-sector/#country=bg
 http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Ukraine/Economy
 http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bulgaria/indicators
 http://atlas.media.mit.edu/profile/country/ukr/
 http://countries.bridgat.com/Top_Products_Exported_by_Romania.html

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