project managemnt

2. Definitions
Project
• can be considered to be the achievement of a
specific objective which involves a series of
activities and tasks which consume resources.’
Project management
• Project management is a scientific way of
planning, implementing, monitoring &
controlling the various aspects of a project
such as time, money, materials, manpower &
other resources.

3. Network Planning
• Methods used for network planning are:
CPM
PERT
• Steps in network planning
1. Describing the Project.
2. Diagramming the Network.
3. Estimating time of completion.
4. Monitoring Project Progress.

4. • Types of Activity
– Predecessor activity : An activity which must be
completed before one or more other activities
start are known as predecessor activity
– Successor activity : An activity which started
immediately after one or more other activities are
completed is known as successor activity
– Dummy Activity : An activity which does not
consume either any resource is known as dummy
activity

5. ACTIVITY ON ARC or arrows (AOA):
• It is Event Oriented.
1 8
7
6
5
4
3
2

6. • ACTIVITY ON NODE(AON):
– It is Activity Oriented.

7. ESTIMATING TIME
OF
COMPLETION
Time estimates include:
1) Total time for completion.
2) ES- Earliest start time: the earliest time at which the activity
can start given that its precedent activities must be completed
first.
3) EF-Earliest finish time: equals to the earliest start time for the
activity plus the time required to complete the activity.
4) LF- Latest finish time: the latest time in which the activity can be
completed without delaying the project.
5) LS- Latest start time: equal to the latest finish time minus the
time required to complete the activity.

8. 6) FORWARD PASS:
The early start and early finish times are calculated by
moving forward through the network and considering the
predecessor activities Considers maximum
7) BACKWARD PASS:
The latest start and finish times are calculated by moving
backward through the network.
Considers minimum
8) SLACK TIME:
Slack time for an activity is the difference between its earliest and
latest start time or between the earliest and latest finish time.
Critical path is the path of activities having zero Slack time.

9. • Prepare network from following.
• 1
Activity Predecessor
A -
B A
C A
D B
E C
F D,E

10. • 2
Activity Predecessor
A -
B -
C A
D B
E C,D
F C,D
G E
H F

11. • 3
Activity Predecessor
A -
B -
C A
D B
E A
F B
G C,D
H G,F
I E
J H,I
K J

12. • 4
Activity Predecessor
A -
B -
C -
D C
E A,B,D
F A,B,D
G E,F