This document discusses factors that influence growth, maturation, motor development, performance, and physical activity. It covers social conditions like socioeconomic status, family size, area of residence and their effects. It also discusses ethnic variations in growth, maturity, and motor skills between populations. Finally, it examines how climate can impact growth, performance, and activity levels.

1. Maryam Abdoshahi
Assistant Professor, Alzahra University

2. Abstaract
 social conditions, growth, and maturation
 social conditions, motor development, performance, and
activity
 ethnic variation in growth and maturity
 ethnic variation in motor development performance, and
activity
 climate growth, and maturity
 climate, performance, and physical activity

3. This chapter considered the primary factors
that influence growth and maturation-
genes, hormones, energy, and nutrients.
Regular physical activity may influence
body weight and composition but have little
effect on growth in height and maturity.
introductio
n

4. Social conditions growth and maturation
Quality of living
conditions
Family size or number
of siblings
Place of residence
Overall socioeconomic
circumstance

5. Socioeconomic status
 Variation in education background of parents
 Purchasing power for food and in turn, nutritional status
 Access to and use of health-care facilities and programs
 Overall regularity of life style

7. FAMILY
SIZE

8. Estimated per additional
siblings in the family
samples
United state
0.12High school students
0.08University students
0.19University students
Belgium
0.11School girls
Romania
0.17School girls
United kingdom
0.18School girls
0.15girls
0.15University students
0.12University students

9. Psychological/emotional
factors
 Psychosocial dwarfism or deprivation dwarfism
 Home environment
 The influence of the psychological or emotional conditions under which food is
distributed and eaten
 Many adolescent girls have concern about their body weight
 Uncontrolled dieting may contribute to the development of eating disorder

10. 2nd year of life1st year of life

11. Area of residence
Area of
residence
urban
rural

12. smokin
g
.
Maternal
cocaine
Infants born to mother who smoked regularly during
pregnancy have lower birth weights and lengths, the
effect been greater on weight than on length
The estimated deficits growth in length and weight,
associated with maternal smoking.
0.5cm-10g 6month-2 years
0.8cm-400g 2years -6years
1.2cm-1400g 6-12years
1.8cm-537g 2years
1.6cm-300g 6years (methadone)
0.3cm-200g 3years (heroin)

13. smoking
Estimated deficits in height in 6-
years-old to 10 –years-old children
associated with parental cigarette
smoking
Estimated deficits in height (cm)
Paternal smokingMaternal smoking
meanmeanCigarettes/day
00nonsmoker
-0.04-0.45Light smoker (1-9/day)
-0.10-0.65Heavy smokers
10+/day)

14. Social condition motor development, performance and
activity
Motor development , performance and physical activity occur in a social context. Each
of this context places specific demands in motor competencies and physical activity of
infants, children and adolescent

15. Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status contain the following.
Educational level
Occupation of parents
Educational level
Neighborhood residence they more likely influences motor
competence and activity through influence on
lifestyle.
Ethnicity
race

16. Rearing life style
Variation in rearing atmosphere is frequently indicated
as a significant factor influencing motor development
during infancy and childhood

17. Sibling interaction
Child position in the family and sibling sex status maybe potentially important
influencing factors.
Does the motor development of an only child differ from that’s of
a child with siblings?
Does the sex of sibling have an influence on motor
development?
Are motor development and performance affected by number of
siblings in d family as is statural growth and sexual maturation?

18. Area of residence
Studies 1960s and
1970s
Rural children in
south Africa have a
lower grip length
Belgian adolescent
Japanese children
4-5years of age

19. Ethnic Variation In Growth And
Maturity
Race: a biological distinct group, that is one that
have a relatively large percentage of its genes in
common by decent
Ethnic: it implies a cultural distinct group

20. American children
Overweight (obese)At risk of overweight
FemalesMalesFemalesMales
SE%SE%SE%SE%Age/ethni
c group
2-5years
3.311.53.28.84.119.73.721.4White
3.811.22.45.96.426.63.112.6black
2.99.23.913.04.019.54.926.0Mexican
American
6-11years
3.511.63.012.04.722.85.729.4white
3.322.22.817.13.637.63.634.5black
3.119.63.127.34.435.14.243.0Mexican
American
12-19years
2.112.42.412.83.325.43.027.4White
26.62.620.73.045.52.835.7black
19.43.027.52.339.63.044.2Mexican

21. Body proportion

22. Body composition
Because subcutaneous adipose tissue is
influenced by a number of factors, including
diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic
status, ethnic comparisons of absolute
fatness may not be relevant.

23. maturation

25. Asian children

26. boysgirls
PHV
(cm/year)
Age at PHV
(year)
PHV
(cm/year)
Age at PHV
12.811.1
12.811.0
9.913.18.311.1
11.912.610.211.5
7.811.1
10.7
12.41.0.5
12.210.4
Mean age at peak height velocity and peak height velocity in
Japanese adolescent from central part of japan

27. Ethnic Variation In Motor Development Performance And
Activity

28. Physical activity
Both school
and non-
school sport
Non-school
sport only
High school
sport only
33.812.823.3male
34.612.124.1white
37.314.419.3black
25.015.521.9Hispanic
23.18.721.6female
25.59.023.9white
17.77.515.2black
15.68.516.7Hispanic

29. Climate growth and maturity
Climategrowthandmaturity
Heat and cold
altitude

30. Climate performance and physical activity
girlsboys
Rural (n=99)Urban (n=77)Rural (n=77)Urban (n=83)
%n%n%n%n
6766624842326756House
cleaning
6059524012319Doing
dishes
79788813102Food
preparatio
n
13101Cutting
wood
121232Family
business
66129Getting
water
887054Animal
care

32. REFERENCES
Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth,
maturation, and physical activity (2nd ed.). Champaign,
IL: Human kinetics.