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Hvornår skal man henvise til
kilder?
Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
Når man refererer eller redegør for en
tekst
Det er en af Boltanskis og Chiapellos store fortjenester at
have bidraget til en sociologisk rehabilitering af kategorien
“kapitalisme“ i en ny og postmarxistisk sammenhæng – i
distance til marxistiske struktur- og ideologianalyser, men
uden helt at opgive centrale indsigter fra Marx’
kapitalismeanalyse, herunder forståelsen af kapitalismen
som akkumulation formidlet over lønarbejde og udbytning.
Med afsæt i Max Weber, Albert O. Hirschman og Louis
Dumont genoptager de spørgsmålet om kapitalismens
historiske dynamik, ganske vist med særligt fokus på
forholdet mellem kapitalisme og kritik og dermed på “de
ideologiske forandringer, der har ledsaget kapitalismens
seneste transformationer“ (Boltanski og Chiapello 1999:
35)
Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
Når man anfører påstande eller introducerer ideer
som er centrale for ens opgave, men som man ikke
har tid til at uddybe
I to årtier var det tilstrækkeligt at tale om “det postindustrielle
samfund“ og – på det organisatoriske niveau – om den
“posttayloristiske“ eller “postfordistiske“ produktionssmåde.
Først det seneste årti er det begyndt at stå klart, at de aktuelle
transformationer af økonomien og kapitalismen ikke længere
lader sig indfange med disse “post-“bestemmelser. Blandt
økonomer har fokus det seneste tiår således været rettet på
økonomiens kvalitative forandring: på makroniveau i retning
af en “vidensbaseret økonomi“, som også er en “lærende
økonomi“ (OECD 1996; Foray og Lundvall 1996), og på
mikroniveau I retning først af en “informationsøkonomi“ og
senere en “vidensøkonomi“, hvor information og viden
betragtes som nye og selvstændige produktionsfaktorer ved
siden af jord, arbejde og kapital (Drucker 1993; Stehr 1994;
2001).
Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
Når man introducerer speficikke fagbegreber,
eller når en helt særlig formulering er vigtig
As Foucault famously said, biopower is “a power bent
on generating forces, making them grow, and ordering
them, rather than one dedicated to impeding them,
making them submit, or destroying them”(Foucault
1978, p. 136). Biopower, then, is a power that works
not by taking or inhibiting life, but by forming and
procuring the life of subjects. To put this in a concrete
way, the decrees of bureaucratic modern power
structures surge forth not as direct orders or
prohibitions against this and that, but as “general
guidelines”, “good advice”, “lists of possibilities”,
“suggested solutions” or subtle political initiatives of
“nudging”[.]
Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
Når man vil argumentere for noget, der kunne
forekomme overraskende eller kontroversielt
F.eks.:
”Brugen af spanskrør ser ud til at få fornyet
popularitet indenfor den danske
matematikundervisning i løbet af de kommende
år.” (Bertrand og Rasmussen, 2010)
Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
Og selvfølgelig: når man vil vise sin viden (Men
bemærk: No namedropping!)
Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013

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Gang 5 hvornår skal man henvise til kilder

  • 1. Hvornår skal man henvise til kilder? Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
  • 2. Når man refererer eller redegør for en tekst Det er en af Boltanskis og Chiapellos store fortjenester at have bidraget til en sociologisk rehabilitering af kategorien “kapitalisme“ i en ny og postmarxistisk sammenhæng – i distance til marxistiske struktur- og ideologianalyser, men uden helt at opgive centrale indsigter fra Marx’ kapitalismeanalyse, herunder forståelsen af kapitalismen som akkumulation formidlet over lønarbejde og udbytning. Med afsæt i Max Weber, Albert O. Hirschman og Louis Dumont genoptager de spørgsmålet om kapitalismens historiske dynamik, ganske vist med særligt fokus på forholdet mellem kapitalisme og kritik og dermed på “de ideologiske forandringer, der har ledsaget kapitalismens seneste transformationer“ (Boltanski og Chiapello 1999: 35) Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
  • 3. Når man anfører påstande eller introducerer ideer som er centrale for ens opgave, men som man ikke har tid til at uddybe I to årtier var det tilstrækkeligt at tale om “det postindustrielle samfund“ og – på det organisatoriske niveau – om den “posttayloristiske“ eller “postfordistiske“ produktionssmåde. Først det seneste årti er det begyndt at stå klart, at de aktuelle transformationer af økonomien og kapitalismen ikke længere lader sig indfange med disse “post-“bestemmelser. Blandt økonomer har fokus det seneste tiår således været rettet på økonomiens kvalitative forandring: på makroniveau i retning af en “vidensbaseret økonomi“, som også er en “lærende økonomi“ (OECD 1996; Foray og Lundvall 1996), og på mikroniveau I retning først af en “informationsøkonomi“ og senere en “vidensøkonomi“, hvor information og viden betragtes som nye og selvstændige produktionsfaktorer ved siden af jord, arbejde og kapital (Drucker 1993; Stehr 1994; 2001). Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
  • 4. Når man introducerer speficikke fagbegreber, eller når en helt særlig formulering er vigtig As Foucault famously said, biopower is “a power bent on generating forces, making them grow, and ordering them, rather than one dedicated to impeding them, making them submit, or destroying them”(Foucault 1978, p. 136). Biopower, then, is a power that works not by taking or inhibiting life, but by forming and procuring the life of subjects. To put this in a concrete way, the decrees of bureaucratic modern power structures surge forth not as direct orders or prohibitions against this and that, but as “general guidelines”, “good advice”, “lists of possibilities”, “suggested solutions” or subtle political initiatives of “nudging”[.] Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
  • 5. Når man vil argumentere for noget, der kunne forekomme overraskende eller kontroversielt F.eks.: ”Brugen af spanskrør ser ud til at få fornyet popularitet indenfor den danske matematikundervisning i løbet af de kommende år.” (Bertrand og Rasmussen, 2010) Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013
  • 6. Og selvfølgelig: når man vil vise sin viden (Men bemærk: No namedropping!) Kasper Porsgaard Nielsen, Studium Generale på Pæd.soc., AU/IUP – okt 2013