2. Characteristics
• Small shrub like trees
• Persistent leathery leaves
• Red brown furrowed scaly bark
• Leaves narrow and curled under
• Plumed fruits very conspicuous in early
summer
3. Ecology
• Found on warm dry rocky ridges
• Mountain sides 2000-9000ft
• Important cover and browse for Mule deer
and elk
• Mountain quail and grouse are among birds
using this plant for cover
• Extremely hard wood used locally for
smoking meats
