Running Head: APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 2 APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 Appropriate Interventions for Healthy People 2020 Norys Gil South University List of Support Needs for the Participant 1. Assisting the patients to change the lifestyle is one of the primary support needs. According to the participant response, quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight are some of the significant challenges. Educating the patient about healthy dietary and the need for vigorous physical exercise will help the patient in maintaining the right body weight. Smoking habits are highly addictive, and quitting becomes challenging and requires significant effort from both the patient and the caregiver. 2. Psychological counseling. The patient has a great concern of wondering if she would leave long to see grandchildren. She also takes medication such as propranolol and diazepam for managing the stress. Counseling will help the patient mitigate the effects of anxiety and possible depression. It will also change the mindset of imminent death as a result of chronic kidney complications. Physical exercise is essential for mental health and manages stress levels. 3. Accurate tests and prescriptions of the medical plan to the patient are essential in chronic disease management. According to the participant, she would like to follow the prescribed medical plan to manage this complication. 4. They are assisting the patient in understanding the various prescribed medical plan. There is a need to educate the patient about how to administer medicines such as insulin. Objectives Implementation of Healthy People 2020 Healthy people in 2020 policies and laws examined the various opportunities and approaches to achieve their primary goals. Different governments are using different strategies to promote the health wellness of society and public health. These initiatives serve as roadmaps for different countries and their objectives to health promotion (Pykett, 2019). They provide a way for the government and the community in general to understand the current and future health situation for effective planning and policymaking. For effective interventions for healthy nations, the government needs to engage public health stakeholders such as the healthcare providers, practitioners, and the community. This will helps in the identification of effective strategies for interventions and making healthy people 2020 ideas actionable. Good health begins in our homes, workplaces, schools, and community in general. Social determinants of health directly impact all individuals. The healthy people 2020 determinants are divided into various categories, namely economic stability, education, healthcare, and the neighborhood, built environments as well as the community context (Pykett, 2019). The first step of implementing objectives of Health People 2020 is the identification of the national-wide health improvement priorities ...

1. Running Head: APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS FOR
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
2
APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE
2020
Appropriate Interventions for Healthy People 2020
Norys Gil
South University
List of Support Needs for the Participant
1. Assisting the patients to change the lifestyle is one of the
primary support needs. According to the participant response,
quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight are some of
the significant challenges. Educating the patient about healthy
dietary and the need for vigorous physical exercise will help the
patient in maintaining the right body weight. Smoking habits
are highly addictive, and quitting becomes challenging and
requires significant effort from both the patient and the
caregiver.
2. Psychological counseling. The patient has a great concern of
wondering if she would leave long to see grandchildren. She

2. also takes medication such as propranolol and diazepam for
managing the stress. Counseling will help the patient mitigate
the effects of anxiety and possible depression. It will also
change the mindset of imminent death as a result of chronic
kidney complications. Physical exercise is essential for mental
health and manages stress levels.
3. Accurate tests and prescriptions of the medical pl an to the
patient are essential in chronic disease management. According
to the participant, she would like to follow the prescribed
medical plan to manage this complication.
4. They are assisting the patient in understanding the various
prescribed medical plan. There is a need to educate the patient
about how to administer medicines such as insulin.
Objectives Implementation of Healthy People 2020
Healthy people in 2020 policies and laws examined the various
opportunities and approaches to achieve their primary goals.
Different governments are using different strategies to promote
the health wellness of society and public health. These
initiatives serve as roadmaps for different countries and their
objectives to health promotion (Pykett, 2019). They provide a
way for the government and the community in general to
understand the current and future health situation for effective
planning and policymaking. For effective interventions for
healthy nations, the government needs to engage public health
stakeholders such as the healthcare providers, practitioners, and
the community. This will helps in the identification of effective
strategies for interventions and making healthy people 2020
ideas actionable.
Good health begins in our homes, workplaces, schools, and
community in general. Social determinants of health directly
impact all individuals. The healthy people 2020 determinants
are divided into various categories, namely economic stability,

3. education, healthcare, and the neighborhood, built environments
as well as the community context (Pykett, 2019). The first step
of implementing objectives of Health People 2020 is the
identification of the national-wide health improvement
priorities. For an effective healthy people program, different
sectors need to collaborate to identify the unique needs of the
community. One of the significant areas for healthy people 2020
is access to food and healthy eating patterns. To implement this
objective, we must find out how access to food and healthy
eating impacts the general public health.
Healthy eating habits like eating a balanced diet, controlling
calories, limiting the intake of saturated and added sugar can
significantly help in lowering the chances of getting chronic
diseases. Creating awareness through the help of healthcare
professionals such as nurses, physicians, and the media will
have significant positive impacts on the general public health.
Access to healthy food has a direct contribution to the health
wellness of an individual throughout their lifetime. How ever,
there some challenges to healthy food access in our community.
The average distance from home to the nearest food store or a
supermarket is one of the primary challenges in ensuring access
to healthy foods in our society. Individuals without proper
means of transport will, therefore, face a significant problem in
accessing healthy foods (Wheeler, 2018). Since the affordability
of healthy eating is also another significant challenge, the
government needs to create favorable policies that ensure the
low prices of healthy food for a healthier nation in 2020 and
subsequent years.
The other objective of Healthy People 2020 is proper access to
healthcare services. Access to timely healthcare is one of the
essential elements of a healthy nation and helps individuals to
achieve the best possible healthcare outcome. The majority of
individuals in our society face various barriers to timely access
to healthcare services. This results in excellent healthcare
disparity as well as reduced healthcare outcomes. Some of these
barriers include inadequate health insurance coverage, limited

4. care resources, and poor transportation, among others (Pykett,
2019). To increase health wellness in 2020 and beyond, the
government, through the health and treasury departments, will
have to ensure equal distribution of resources and insurance
coverage for the citizens. This will reduce the out of pocket
healthcare expenses that make individuals delay or forego
visiting doctors, dentists, and access to other essential medical
plans hence negatively affecting public health. Ensuring
adequate access to primary care will have a positive impact on
public health and increased wellness. Professional caregivers
such as nurses and other medical officers also have a crucial
responsibility of ensuring they provide the patient with accurate
diagnosis and best care to the patients.
Health literacy is a crucial issue in the healthcare department.
For a healthier nation, a collaboration between the government
and healthcare providers will increase the degree of the
individual capacity to obtain and understand necessary health
information that is crucial in deciding personal health and
healthcare (Wagner & Howe, 2019). Literacy will increase the
individual's capacity to take charge of their healthcare matters
and that of their families. The individual with low health
literacy will most of the time, not be able to understand simple
drug prescriptions and other medical instruction form nurses
and doctors. A collaboration of the healthcare providers and the
government will ensure health literacy is made a priority to
increase wellness and provide good public health in society.
Environmental conditions are another significant element that
affects public health and wellness. Water contamination and
extreme heats are some of the typical examples of how the
environment may affect public health. According to the GHO,
more than eleven percent of molarity cases in 2012 were
associated with environmental causes ("GHO | By category |
Deaths attributable to the environment - Data by country,"
2020). We need to identify environmental exposures and how
they impact people in different geographical locations. Poor
quality of the water increases the risk of public health. A good

5. example is groundwater, which is used for growing crops and
becomes contaminated for human consumption and may spread
waterborne diseases. On the other hand, older adults and
children are more exposed to hot air temperatures and risks
getting heat-related illnesses. There is a need for effective
policies and measures for protecting the public from drinking
contaminated water and being exposed to high air temperatures
for a healthy nation in 2020 and the coming years.
Professional caregivers are one of the most crucial stakeholders
in healthcare interventions. Home nurses provide both
psychological and multidimensional interventions in the health
sector. They develop the best plans for specific situations and
the need of the patients for adequate care. One of the benefits is
flexible intervention according to the needs of different
patients. The other appropriate response of a caregiver is the
provision of emotional support to the patient. They can also
intervene in providing legal and financial support for the
patients who may no longer be able to care for them. The
professional caregiver can also manage the medical care plan,
which may include keeping medical records and administering
medications according to the prescriptions. All these
interventions have a primary goal of ensuring the patient
receives the best healthcare and love from the family and
society.
References

6. GHO | By category | Deaths attributable to the environment -
Data by country. (2020), from
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.162
Pykett, J. (2019). Healthy Nations: Behavioural Approaches in
Public Health Policy. In Behavioural Policies for Health
Promotion and Disease Prevention (pp. 53-72). Palgrave Pivot,
Cham.
Wagner, T., & Howe, C. (2019). Addressing Systemic Health
Literacy Issues and Patient Safety through a Grassroots
Collaborative. Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet,
23(1), 62-69.
Wheeler, A. (2018). The Financial Impact of a Healthy Eating
Intervention in a Government Worksite Cafeteria.
Running head: IMPACTS OF RENAL DISEASES
Impacts of Renal DiseasesNorys GilSouth University
Impacts of Renal diseases
Case study
This research collected information from my neighbor, a 44-
year-old woman. The patient has been complaining about the
worsen kidney complication. Her complications developed five
years ago. The patient would frequently complain about high
blood pressure, nausea, foamy and dark colored urine, loss of
appetite, general body weakness and loin pain. It was important
therefore to check if the patient understood her condition in
terms of associated health risks, care and medication schemes,
and her perception towards the complication (Franczy, et al.,
2016, p. 260).
The patient confirmed that she is overwhelmed by the medical

7. complications and she would like to understand a proper course
of action to follow in managing the disease. The patient
explains that her condition started when she first experienced
knee pain. Since she was an active smoker and obese, she was
advised to quit the menace and reduce body weight by her
family doctor. In the initial stages of complications, the
mediations such as ibuprofen, that were prescribed by the
physician seemed helpful. However, after one year, she
developed further complications which led her to visit other
doctors. One of the doctors determined that she had a stage 3
chronic kidney three after conducting blood tests. The doctor
did not prescribe medication or any programs for managing the
condition. The following involves the responses from the
patient in a questionnaire.
The questionnaire and responses
Initials Mrs. First Name: …………………… Last Name:
………………………….
Telephone:…… ………………. Email address:
………………………………………..
Thank you for participating in this study. Filling in this
questionnaire will enable you to have insightful ideas as well as
enabling the researcher to understand the community’s
perception and knowledge regarding kidney complications.
1) Are you aware of treatment plans for your health conditions?
The physician prescribed a medication scheme consisting of
diuretic, calcium reduction, stimulation of bone marrow, and
some diet supplements. I was advised to quit smoking and
consume low proteins.
2) Do you experience challenges in managing chronic kidney
disease?
Quitting smoking is challenging as well as keeping a healthy
diet.
3) Do you have any health primary concerns? What are they?
My only health concern is wondering whether or not I will long
enough to see my grandchildren.
4) Are there any measures you can do to improve your current

8. health status?
I would like to follow all medical plans prescribed by the doctor
such as to quit smoking, reducing body weight and having a
healthy diet.
5) Do you experience financial challenges in meeting your
medical requirements?
I have not experienced any financial challenges in meeting my
medical bills.
6) What do you understand with regards to obesity, smoking,
and a healthy lifestyle?
I have learned from the physician that smoking, obesity and
lack of enough physical activities or exercises are predisposing
to chronic kidney complications.
7) Do you understand the complications and risks associated
with chronic kidney diseases?
Initially, I thought that my deteriorating health status will cause
my death soon enough. Recently, after learning from my
physician, I understand that when toxins accumulate in the body
due to failed kidneys, I could develop, more complications and
diseases such as heart diseases, anemia, bone complications,
and buildup of fluids in the body.
8) Are there signs of hyperglycemia that you are aware of?
Yes, conditions such as blurred vision, frequent urination, and
feet numbness can be an indication of hyperglycemia.
9) Do you know the causes of hyperglycemia?
Low levels of insulin and insulin resistance are the likely causes
of hyperglycemia especially in patients suffering from diabetes
according to my physician.
10) Do you experience challenges when performing tests such
as blood sugar and urine test?
I do not; I am ready to take any necessary tests to receive an
accurate diagnosis for reliable medical plans.
11) Do you understand various prescribed medications?
Can you administer insulin correctly when it is prescribed?
I do not understand various prescribed medications. Equally, I
am unable to draw up and administer insulin when it is

9. prescribed because I failed to meet any physician when I went
for further tests in the health center for initiating the care plan.
12) Are there helpful and unhelpful medication prescription?
Ibuprofen is essential in managing body pain. The last doctor I
visited explained that there are various treatment schemes for
the disease, however, he failed to prescribe any medications
because he wanted to perform more tests to determine a proper
medical plan.
13) Is there any complication due to the side effects of certain
medications that you recurrently experience?
I am yet to undergo care plans and thus I have not experienced
any difficulties and side effects from medication.
14) Is there an additional medication that you are currently
taking and have not been mentioned?
I have been taking propranolol and diazepam for managing
stress levels and antihistamines for itches.
15) What is your general feeling about chronic kidney diseases?
Has the complication changed your lifestyle?
Managing the disease is my primary concern because I feel it
can claim my life if it is not adequately managed. Changing
eating habits, quitting smoking and starting physical exercise
have significantly changed my lifestyle.
Discussion and Analysis
The responses collected by the questionnaire from the patient
indicate that she is having challenges to cope up with her health
condition. Her condition I likely to deteriorate despite that she
has undertaken several tests. This is due to various reasons such
as lack of reliable and effective care plans, failing to quit
smoking and consumption of food rich in fats. The care plans
should, therefore, constitute isotonic fluids for controlling body
fluid levels, controlling of hyperkalemia by the use of insulin,
and salbutamol (Gluba-Brzozka, Franczyk, & Rysz, 2019).
Healthy diets and healthy lifestyle practices, for example,
quitting smoking and having at least one-hour sessions of
exercise per day in three days of the week can increase the
chances of survival and lifespan of patients who are already

10. experiencing kidney complications and renal diseases. The
patient under study has also indicated that she has not received
proper medication or care plans to manage her condition (Rysz,
et al., 2017).
Management of renal diseases and associated complications
The patient under study could suffer from both hypertension and
diabetes. These two conditions are risk factors for renal
diseases. Therefore, care programs should consider other
measures such as reduction of body weight and controlling of
blood sugar levels. It is therefore important to roll out changes
immediately to prevent the condition from progressing to
complex stages such as kidney failure. Frequent dialysis and
kidney transplant are also potential remedies for renal diseases.
Change of lifestyle in terms of healthy eating habits, regular
exercise and avoiding smoking are essential schemes for
managing the condition at its early stages. Proper medications
prescribed by a physician are essential for managing conditions
such as stress and blood sugar levels (Gluba-Brzózka, et al.,
2018).
References
Franczyk, B., Gluba-Brzózka, A., Cia|kowska-Rysz, A.,
Banach, M., & Rysz, J. (2016). The Problem of Atrial
Fibrillation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Current
Vascular Pharmacology, 14(3), 260-265.
doi:10.2174/1570161114666160115130836
Gluba-Brzozka, A., Franczyk, B., & Rysz, J. (2019).

11. Cholesterol Disturbances and the Role of Proper Nutrition in
CKD Patients. Nutrients, 11(11), 2820. doi:10.3390/nu11112820
Gluba-Brzózka, A., Franczyk, B., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A.,
Olszewski, R., & Rysz, J. (2018). Impact of Vitamin D on the
Cardiovascular System in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD) and Dialysis Patients. Nutrients, 10(6), 709.
doi:10.3390/nu10060709
Rysz, J., Franczyk, B., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A., & Gluba-
Brzózka, A. (2017). The Effect of Diet on the Survival of
Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients, 9(5), 495.
doi:10.3390/nu9050495
Running head: MEDICAL CARE PLANNING FOR PATIENTS
WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Medical care planning for patients with Chronic Kidney
DiseaseNorys GilSouth University
Medical care planning for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Introduction
Chronic Kidney is a disorder that disturbs the correct working
of the kidney, which is increasingly becoming a challenge to the
health care sector. Just like any other chronic disease, CKD
comes with the responsibility of ensuring that a patient gets
maximum medical treatment facilities and attention as much as
possible. “The definition and classification of chronic kidney
disease (CKD) have evolved, but current international
guidelines define this condition as decreased kidney function as
shown by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60
mL/min per 1·73 m2 or markers of kidney damage, or both, of

12. at least three months duration, regardless of the underlying
cause”, Morton & Masson, 2017.
Morbidity and comorbidity of chronic Kidney disease
Weak/low results are closely associated with CKD; this is
because of the burdens that are so high when it comes to
comorbidity. Many pieces of research have indicated that CKD
relates to diabetes and hypertension conditions. Intense
conditions of chronic kidney disease also lead to heart
complications. There is little information on the mental
difficulties that come with CKD.
“Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be associated with adverse
clinical outcomes, poor quality of life, and high health-care
costs; clinicians need to understand that these observations
result from a high burden of comorbidity among CKD patients”,
(Manns &Hemmelgarn 2010). Key morbidities of CKD,
therefore, include pulmonary complications, diabetes,
hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. CKD, to a very high
degree, leads to characteristics such as myocardial infarction,
dementia, hypothyroidism, depression, and stroke. All
comorbidities remain classified as concordant others that
closely relate with CKD but ranked as discordant include;
asthma, constipation, lymphoma dementia, etc.
Impacts of chronic kidney disease
Various medical reports by the health care agencies and
organizations, including the World Health Organization show
that CKD is a growing complication that has become a big
concern of the public health care sector not just in the United
States but around the globe. An estimation of over 26 million
people is affected by CKD in the country. Annual reports have
shown that this number is likely to increase if serious
investments are in the health care sector. Hypertension and
diabetes are proven, leading causes of kidney complications. To
an individual, CKD can lead to other primary complications
such as nephropathy, lupus, and continuity of kidney failure.
The country invests billions of money annually, something that
is becoming hard to sustain because of the annual increase in

13. population and the number of those affected by CKD.
As of 2006, over $23 billion was spent on CKD and other
related chronic complications, and this is a clear indication that
with CKD comes a substantial financial burden not only to the
affected person and his/her but the society at large. Although
CKD complications cannot be changed, its progression rate may
be measured. For this rate to be measured successfully, a lot of
emphases must be put on developing outstanding strategies that
will make it easy when it comes to the identification of people
who have high chances of being affected by CKD for early
screening to be done.
Key goals and objectives for chronic kidney diseases
According to Healthy People 2020, CKD, together with ESRD
(End-Stage Renal Disease are among the most critical
challenges facing the public health care sector. It is also a vital
source of the low quality of life and suffering to the affected
people, the family, and society in general. A lot of premature
death cases are rising from CKD and high prices within the
economy both within the public and the private sector. The most
crucial aim that Healthy people seeks to achieve is reducing the
rise of recent cases as far as CKD is concerned, and this is the
inclusion of all the other difficulties that come hand in hand
with CKD, lowering death rates, disability cases related to
CKD, and the enormous economic expanses.
The objectives include, “reducing the proportion of the U.S
population with CKD, increasing the percentage of people with
CKD that know they have impaired renal function, increasing
the actual percentage of hospital patients that have incurred
kidney injuries that have a follow-up evaluation of renal in
within six months of post-discharge, Increase the proportion of
persons with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who receive
recommended medical evaluation, Increase the proportion of
persons with chronic kidney disease who receive medical
evaluation with serum creatinine, lipids, and micro albuminuria,
Increase the proportion of persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
and chronic kidney disease who receive medical evaluation with

14. serum creatinine, micro albuminuria, A1c, lipids, and eye
examinations, Increase the proportion of persons with diabetes
and chronic kidney disease who receive recommended medical
treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBS) and Improve
cardiovascular care in persons with chronic kidney disease”,
(Healthy People 2020).
Care plan for C.K.D patients
1. Monitoring the most important factors which are essenti al in
maintaining consistent blood pressure. This monitoring is an
excellent way through which the kidneys get protected from
more damages.
2. Monitoring and managing the blood sugar level is vital in
reducing the stress that the kidneys may face
3. Assessing the cardio-pulmonary systems, “Fluid retention
from improper glomerular filtration may collect in the
myocardium resulting in pressure on the heart and the lungs.
Listen for friction rub and pulmonary crackles or congestion”,
NSRNG 2019.
4. Monitoring laboratory and diagnostic evaluations.
“Purification Degree (GFR) <60 indicates kidney disease, <15
indicates kidney failure, CT / Ultrasound Kidney biopsy (if
necessary), Chest x-ray - if indicated GFR- is a blood test that
can show the degree of kidney function available. It is a
calculation of creatinine levels, race, age, and gender. CT /
Ultrasound- this imaging may be helpful to view the kidneys to
determine if there are tumours or other unusual characteristics
of the organs”. Hill, N. R., Fatoba, S. T., Oke, J. L., Hirst, J.
A., O’Callaghan, C. A., Lasserson, D. S., & Hobbs, F. R. 2016
5. Evaluating the mental state of the patients.
6. Monitoring I & O is carried out by monitoring the
functioning of the kidney, calculating the level of fluid
retention, the patient's weight daily at the proper planned time.
7. Inserting an indwelling catheter appropriately, this is a better
way of monitoring the fluids balance plus urine features.
8. Palpating the patient’s abdomen, this is a better way of

15. assessing the level of fluid retention.
9. Another meaningful way is Focusing on nutrition guidelines.
“The kidneys are compromised and unable to remove the waste
produced by processing proteins (BUN). Choose foods low in
saturated and Tran’s fat to prevent and lower fat deposits in the
blood vessels. Choose lower potassium foods to avoid
hyperkalemia caused by excess potassium retention”. Hall, M.
E., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Juncos, L. A., Wang, Z., &
Hall, J. E. 2014.
References
Webster, A. C., Nagler, E. V., Morton, R. L., & Masson, P.
(2017). Chronic kidney disease. The Lancet, 389(10075), 1238-
1252.
Chawla, L. S., Eggers, P. W., Star, R. A., & Kimmel, P. L.
(2014). Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease as
interconnected syndromes. New England Journal of
Medicine, 371(1), 58-66.
Collins, A. J., Foley, R. N., Gilbertson, D. T., & Chen, S. C.
(2015). The United States Renal Data System public health
surveillance of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal
disease. Kidney international supplements, 5(1), 2-7.
Hall, M. E., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Juncos, L. A.,
Wang, Z., & Hall, J. E. (2014). Obesity, hypertension, and
chronic kidney disease. International journal of nephrology and
renovascular disease, 7, 75.
Hill, N. R., Fatoba, S. T., Oke, J. L., Hirst, J. A., O’Callaghan,
C. A., Lasserson, D. S., & Hobbs, F. R. (2016). The global
prevalence of chronic kidney disease–a systematic review and
meta-analysis. PloS one, 11(7), e0158765.Appendix
Questionnaire
NAME: …………………………………………… RESIDENCE:

16. ……………………………
GENDER: …………. OCCUPATION: ……………………….
QUALIFICATION: ………
SPECIALTY: ……………………. DESCRIPTION:
…………………………………………
ORGANIZATION:
…………………………………………………………………………
…….
EMPLOYEMENT CONTACT:
…………………………………………………………………
TELEPHONE NUMBER: ………………………………
SERIAL NUMBER
QUERY
AGREE
DISAGREE
CANT TELL
Antibiotic prescribing
Almost each antibiotic chronic kidney disease is not safe
Reports on human cultural concern should be agreed upon
before recommending the use of the.
According to your view, in chronic kidney disease health sector
needs to focus on using the index from therapies.

17. The amount of medical dosage should be low for patients with
CKD.
The use of antibiotics on patients with CKD should be
patterned.
Anuria essential consideration while prescribing antibiotics in
CKD.
Antibiotic prescribing
When dealing with CKD, sulfonamides are important for UTI
Aminoglycoside is the best drug that can be cast-off for patients
with CKD.