2. INTRODUCTION:-
Sudden death occur when heartbeat &
breathing stop suddenly or unexpectedly.
the major role of CPR is to provide oxygen to
heart ,brain,& the other vital organ until
medical treatment (advance cardiac life
support-ACLS) can restore normal heart
action.
3. DEFINITION:-
Angela Morrow RN
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) is a procedure used when a patient's heart stops
beating and breathing stops. It can involve
compressions of the chest or electrical shocks along
with rescue breathing.
Mosby medical dictionary
CPR is a basic emergency
procedure for life support consisting of artificial and
manual external cardiac massage
.
6. Fluid imbalance
extensive hemorrhage, hypotension, shock
Neurological causes
brain injuries, massive cva
Poisons substance and drug overdose
co poisoning, propanolol over dose
Other causes
electrical shock, hypothermia, narcotic overdose
7. WARNING SIGNS OF CARDIO
PULMONARY ARREST:-
Early signs:
. loss of consciousness & convulsions
Late signs:
. Apnoea
.Dilated pupils
.Absence of heart sounds
8. Other signs
Changes in respiratory rate
A weak or irregular pulse
Bradycardia
Cyanosis
Hypothermia
10. EQUIPMENTS
i. Ambu bag and masks with different size.
ii. Oropharyngeal airways.
iii. Endotracheal tubes of appropriate
sizes and stillet.
E
T
T
U
B
E
11. iv. Paediatric laryngoscope
with straight (Miller) and
curved (McIntosh)
blade – Appropriate sizes.
v. Suction apparatus.
vi. NG tube.
12. i. IV equipments & fluids
ii. Pulse-oxymetry
iii. Oxygen sources
iv. Automated external defibrillator
v. Emergency drugs
vi. Cardiac monitor
13. STEPS FOR CPR:-
Airway:-Maintaining an open airway.
Breathing:-Providing artificial ventilation by rescue
breathing.
Circulation:-Promoting artificial circulation by
external cardiac compression.
Defibrillation:-Restoring the heart beat.
14. Shake shoulders gently
Ask “Are you all right?”
If he responds
• Leave as you find him.
• Find out what is wrong.
• Reassess regularly.
CHECK RESPONSE
27. • Place the heel of one hand in
the centre of the chest
• Place other hand on top
• Interlock fingers
• Compress the chest
– Rate 100 min-1
– Depth 3-5 cm(1.5 to 2 inches)
– Equal compression : relaxation
• When possible change CPR
operator every 2 min
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
31. (D) DEFIBRILLATION:-
Device that delivers direct electrical current
across the myocardium. The aim is to produce
synchronous depolarization of cardiac muscle
STRATEGIES:
Test defibrillate for
full battery charge
switch on power button
change paddle mode
32.
33. Key issues:
Paddle site: Rt intraclavicular region
lt lower axillary region
Paddle size: 8cm -12 cm
wave form patterns :
monophasic
biphasic truncated exponential
biphastic rectilinear
36. STEPS:-
switch on
select paddle mode
assess rhythm
press paddles firmly over the chest
deliver the shock
resume cpr
37. Intensive care:-(shifting in ICU)
transfer to ICU
monitor closely and continuously
monitor vital signs every hour
watch for convulsions
intubate if necessary
catheterize the patient and monitor output
record the procedure
38. POST CARDIAC ARREST MANAGEMENT:-
Continued care
To ensure hemodynamic monitoring
To minimize the effect of loss of spontaneous
circulation of various organs
To recognize and treat recurrent cardiac arrests
Objectives:
Optimize cardio pulmonary function& systemic
perfusion
Transport victim out of hospital
Identify and treat thre precipating factor
Intitute measure to prevent recurrence and improve
neurological function
39. Respiratory system;
Intubate & mechanically ventilate until they are stable
Administer supplemental oxygen
Obtain chest x ray
Administer drugs
Avoid hyperventilation
Cardio vascular system:
Obtain expert consultation
Monitor ecg , x-ray, lab analysis,
Monitor intra arterial blood pressure
Administer drugs
40. COMPLICATIONS OF CPR:-:-
Rib fractures
Laceration related to the tip of the
sternum
Liver, lung, spleen
Aspiration
Vmiting
