Unblocking The Main Thread Solving ANRs and Frozen Frames
ATFE 2021 Conference Presentation.pptx
1. Sr no. Name Enrollment no.
1 Harshida Kathrotiya 160774101003
2 Yash Baria 160774101014
Review on 3D Printing Technology in Aircraft Industry
Conference on Advances in
Thermal-Fluids Engineering (ATFE 2021)
Conference Paper ID: ATFE-2021-29 (Submission 55)
Author Name: Karkun M Suhel M Umarbhai
College: Aditya Silver Oak Institute of Technology, Ahmedabad
Department: Department of Aeronautical Engineering
Email ID: suhelkarkun786@gmail.com
Date: 26th March 2021
2. Abstract
• Additive manufacturing or 3D printing technology has sharpened the aircraft
industry industries in recent years. 3D printing technology makes the construction
of small and complex structures more convenient. 3D printing technology uses a
consecutive layer by layer addition of materials to create physical objects from a
geometrical design representation. 3D printing technology progressively used for
mass customization and development of any type of open-source designs in the
industry for aircraft and other industries. Based on user-defined parameters, 3D
printing technology allow the low-cost creation of components. Tooling cost
related to the development of mold is neglected, unlike other plastic-forming
technologies. Highly customized structures with a minimum production quantity
are possible. Therefore, this technology has vast applications in the aircraft
industry. This review paper aims to provide an overview of 3D printing
technologies and their uses in the aircraft industry. Materials, elements, or
components along with their properties specially developed for aircraft industry
applications, are discussed. Types, advantages, applications and limitations of 3D
printing technology exclusively for aircraft industry is precisely presented.
Keywords: Additive manufacturing; 3D printing technology; Aircraft & Manufacturing
industry.
3. Additive Manufacturing (AM)
• The first commercialization of the 3D printing was developed and
invented by Chuck Hull in 1983.
• AM is a generic expression mentioned to a class of technologies used
for the construction by using data gained from computers.
• AM forms the physical objects through the combining of powder, sheet
materials, or liquid layer by layer.
• Complex Parts can be manufactured by AM technology.
• The applications of AM technologies are consistently growing in recent
years.
4. 3D Printing Technology
• 3D printing is a procedure of successive addition of material layer
by layer to construct physical parts from 3D model data.
• High customization in product design. Complex components can be
manufactured.
• Its Production has reduction in material wastage, manufacturing
costs, and time.
• Mostly used in manufacturing and research & development
industries.
• Most powerful and flexible technology in the advanced
manufacturing industry.
6. Types of 3D Printing
• 3D printing processes are classified based on the fusion of matter
on a molecular/atomic level and also on the properties and physical
state of the primal materials.
• 3DP technology has been developed in varieties with different
modules.
• 3DP technology is not limited to prototyping applications.
• Some research-based aircraft industries use only some particular
types of 3D Printers by changing or adjusting the filament and infill
used in the 3D printers.
9. Grid: Strong 2D infill Lines: Quick 2D infill Triangles: Strong 2D
infill
Tri-hexagon: Strong 2D
infill
Cubic: Strong 3D infill Octet: Strong 3D infill Quarter cubic: Strong
3D infill
Concentric: Flexible 3D
infill
Concentric 3D: Flexible
3D infill
Zigzag: A grid shaped
infill
Cross: Flexible 3D infill Cross 3D: Flexible 3D
infill
Fig.4 Few types of infill used in 3DP with Ultimaker Cura
10. 3DP Materials for Aircraft Applications
• 3D printing materials in morphology are of four kinds: plastic film,
powder material, liquid photosensitive resin, and wire material with
low melting point.
• These kinds of materials are considered based on weight and
structural reliability.
• Generally, there are approximately 25 types of filaments available in
the markets.
• The two most used filament materials are PLA (Polylactic Acid) and
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene).
• Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 are two Ti- and Ni-based alloys, which
have higher importance from the aircraft industry.
11. Application of 3DP in the Aircraft Industry
Category Applications
Rapid
prototyping
• For testing the spare parts of platforms, vehicles or engines.
• For making the different aircraft parts prototypes.
• For validating the molds machine ability.
Rapid tooling
• For creating the turbocharger impellers and blades molding.
• For replicating existing parts of aircraft/spacecraft.
• For associating the elastic performance with truss lattice for
wings of UAV.
Rapid
manufacturing
• For making aircraft spare parts for maintenance.
• For making an entire UAV or drones.
• For creating a supply and distribution chain of spare parts.
12. Sr.
No.
Applications Aircraft parts example Requirements
Recommended
3D printing
process
Recommended
filament material
1
Engine
compartment
Tarmac nozzle bezel
Heat resistant functional
parts
SLS Glass-filled Nylon
2 Cabin accessories Console control part
Customized functional
knobs
SLA Standard Resin
3 Air ducts Air flow ducting
Flexible ducts and
bellow directors
SLS Nylon 12
4 Full size panels
Seat backs & entry
doors
Large parts with smooth
surface finish
SLA Standard Resin
5
Casted metal
parts
Brackets and door
handles
Metal parts casted using
3D printed patterns
SLA & Material
Jetting
Castable Resin or Wax
6
Metal
components
Suspension wishbone
& GE Jet Engine
Consolidated,
lightweight, functional
metal parts
DMLS/ SLM Titanium or Aluminum
7 Bezels Dashboard interface
End use custom screen
bezels
Material Jetting Digital ABS
8 Lights Headlight prototypes
Fully transparent, high-
detail models
Material Jetting
& SLA
Transparent Resin
9
Aircraft
assemblers
Aircraft fasteners
Assemble hydraulic
lines, rackets, door
handles, clips, etc
SLA & SLS
Carbon Fiber
Reinforcement
The specific applications of the 3DP in the Aircraft Industry:
13. Fig.5 3D printing technology projected effects in Aircraft Industry by 2025
14. Advantages of 3D Printing Technology
Flexible design Rapid prototyping Print on demand Strong parts
Lightweight parts
Fast design and
production
Minimizing waste Cost effective
Ease of access Environment friendly Advanced healthcare Aircraft Industry
15. Drawbacks of 3D Printing Technology
Limited
materials
Restricted build
size
Require post
processing
Manufacturing
of large volume
remains costly
Reduction in
manufacturing
jobs
Design
inaccuracies and
lower tolerances
Part structure* Copyright
issues#
*In the 3DP methods, products are formed layer by layer. Although these
layers adhere together, it also means that they can de-laminate under
certain stress or orientation. This problem is more significant when
producing items using fused deposition modelling (FDM). In few cases, it
may be better to use injection moulding as it creates homogeneous
parts that will not separate and break.
#As using 3D Printing Technology, anyone can create completely
counterfeit or duplicate products and it can be almost impossible to tell
the difference between original and duplicate product, which may
create copyright issues.
16. Future Scopes
• 3DP of Aircraft and Space component on a larger scale with larger
dimensions, which is required to install and use according to the future
requirements is essential.
• 3DP technology can use various material alloys for more strength,
lightweight, and other better solutions for aircraft components.
• 3DP can also be possible at nano size by using different kinds of nano
materials to make some complex objects which can be used in space
programs and aircraft industries.
• SpaceX and NASA are working on developing societies on other planets
like mars by using 3DP technology on large scale.
• There are many other future developments possible in 3DP technology
and its uses in aircraft industries.
17. Conclusion
• As early as 1989, several aerospace companies immediately started
implementing this advanced technology, and the successful
adoption of 3D printing grew reasonably over the following years.
• In 2015, the Aerospace & Defense industries contributed
approximately 16% of 3D Printing’s for $4.9+ billion global
revenues.
• The A&D industry is a one of the great examples of utilization
Additive Manufacturing technique with a clear value proposition
and the ability to create parts that are stronger and lighter than
parts made using traditional manufacturing.
• In this review paper, additive manufacturing technology and 3DP
technology and its uses in the aircraft industries and many more
were described precisely.
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