Day 1 - Introduction-To-Statistics.pptx

Introduction To
Statistics
Lesson 1, Quarter 4

The
Price
is
Right!
Let’s Play Direction:
Guess the answer
to the given
question. If no one
answered the exact
word/number, then
the group who gave
the closest answer
wins

What is the
population of the
Philippines for the
year 2023?
Question #1

How tall is a
Filipina in
centimeters?
Question #2

How much is the
daily allowance of a
Filipino student?
Question #3

What is Statistics?
Statistics is a branch of mathematics that
deals with the collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation
of data.

Did you know that…During biblical times,
Moses and David undertook what are now called
censuses- the counting of people under their
care. The Roman Empire required all citizens to
return to the city of their birth in order to
register, that is, to be counted and to be taxed.

The origin of the word statistics comes from the word
statistik, an Italian word which means stateman. The
word was first used by Gottfried Achenwall (1719-
1772), a professor at Marlborough in England and
Gottingen in Germany. However, its used was
popularized in the work of Sir John Sinclair entitled
Statistical Account of Scotland (1791-1799.

COPAI
What is Statistics?
C -
O -
P -
A -
I -
ollecting
rganizing
resenting
nalyzing
data
Data - information,
statistics number, facts,
figures, and records that
usually to calculate, analyze
or plan something
nterpreting

Branches of Statistics
The study of statistics has two major branches:
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Statistics
Descriptive
statistics
Inferential
statistics
Involves the organization,
summarization, and
display of data.
Involves using a sample to
draw conclusions about a
population.

Indicate whether each of the following statements is a
Descriptive Statistics (DS) or Inferential Statistics (IS).
____1. A survey says that 1 out of 10 Filipinos is a
member of a fitness center.
____2. A recent study showed that eating garlic can lower
blood pressure.
____3. Last year, the ages of students at a certain high
school ranged from 1 to 17years old.

Sample is a representative set of
observations that relates the
characteristic of the whole.
Population is the entire collection of all
possible observations of a particular
characteristic of interest.

Example:
In a recent survey, 250
college students at
Union College were
asked if they smoked
cigarettes regularly.
35 of the students
said yes. Identify the
population and the
sample.
Populations & Samples
Responses of all students at
Union College (population)
Responses
of students in
survey (sample)

Parameters & Statistics
A parameter is a numerical description of a
population characteristic.
A statistic is a numerical description of a
sample characteristic.
Parameter Population
Statistic Sample

Example:
Decide whether the numerical value describes a
population parameter or a sample statistic.
a.) A recent survey of 450 college students
reported that the average weekly income for
students is P 325.
Because the average of P 325 is based on
a sample, this is a sample statistic.

Example:
Decide whether the numerical value describes a
population parameter or a sample statistic.
b.) The average weekly income for all students is
P 405.
Because the average of P 405 is based on a
population, this is a population parameter.

• Variable: A characteristic about each individual
element of a population or sample.
• Data (singular): The value of the variable
associated with one element of a population or
sample. This value may be a number, a word, or
a symbol.
• Data (plural): The set of values collected for the
variable from each of the elements belonging to
the sample.
Other related Terms:

• Experiment: A planned activity whose results
yield a set of data.
• Parameter: A numerical value summarizing all
the data of an entire population.
• Statistic: A numerical value summarizing the
sample data.
Other related Terms:

The population is the age of all faculty members at the
college.
A sample is any subset of that population. For example,
we might select 10 faculty members and determine their
age.
The variable is the “age” of each faculty member.
Example: A college dean is interested in learning about
the average age of faculty. Identify the basic terms in this
situation.
Population:
Sample:
Variable:

One data would be the age of a specific faculty member.
The data would be the set of values in the sample.
The experiment would be the method used to select the
ages forming the sample and determining the actual age
of each faculty member in the sample.
situation.
Data (Singlular):
Data (Plural):
Experiment:

The parameter of interest is the “average” age of all
faculty at the college.
The statistic is the “average” age for all faculty in the
sample.
situation.
Parameter:
Statistic:

Statistical Questions
A statistical question is one that can
be answered with data and for which it
is anticipated that the data
(information) collected to answer the
question will vary.

Examples of Non-Statistical Questions:
Question
Is it statistical?
(Yes/No)
Explanation
1. How tall are you? No
The answer is just my height so
there is no variability in the data
2.
How tall, in inches,
was Ramon on his
last birthday?
No
The answer is just Ramon’s
height on his last birthday so
there is no variability in the data.
3
Is Preston taller
than 60 inches?
No
To answer this question, you just
have to know Preston’s height,
so there is no variability in the
data.

Examples of Statistical Questions:
Question
Is it statistical?
(Yes/No)
Explanation
1
How tall are the students in
your class, in centimeters?
Yes
The students in my class are not all the same
height so there would be variability in the data.
2
How do the heights of the
students in your class
compare with the heights of
all sixth graders in your
school?
Yes
To answer this question, you would need to
know the heights of all the students in my class
and the heights of all the sixth graders in the
school, so there would be variability in the
data.
3
How do the heights of the
sixth graders in your school
compare with the heights of
the seventh graders in your
school?
Yes
To answer this question, you would need to
know the heights of all the sixth graders and
the heights of all the seventh graders in our
school, so there would be variability in the
data.

Tell whether each of the following question is a (SQ)
Statistical Question or (NSQ) Non-Statistical.
_______1. What did Pedro eat for lunch?
_______2. What do 7th graders prefer to eat for a
lunch?
_______3. What is the mathematics performance of
grade 7 students during the third quarter?

1. Predictions
The figures in statistics help us
make predictions about
something that is going to
happen in the future.
Importance of
Statistics

2. Quality Testing
On a day-to-day basis, we
conduct quality tests to ensure
that our purchase is correct
and get the best results from
what we spend.
Importance of
Statistics

3. Weather Forecasts
The computer used in weather
forecasting is based on the set
of statistic functions. All these
statistic functions compare the
weather condition with the
pre-recorded seasons and
conditions.
Importance of
Statistics

4. Predicting Disease
In Science, statistics help us know
how many numbers of people are
suffering from the disease. It also
helps us understand how many
have died from the same disease.
But the best part is it helps us
find out how much are affected
from the disease.
Importance of
Statistics

5. Political Campaigns
It helps the politicians
have an idea about how
many chances they
have to win an election
in a particular area.
Importance of
Statistics

1.A branch of mathematics that
deals with collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of data is called
______________.
Direction: Fill in the blank.

2. A question that should have different
answers is _______________.
3. A question that has an exact
answer is ___________________.

4. ____________ is the entire
collection of all possible
observations of a particular
characteristic of interest.

5. _____________________ involves
using a sample to draw
conclusions about a population.

1.How many centimeters are there in 1 foot?
2.How much time do students spend in an online game?
3.What are the symptoms of COVID-19?
4.What is the favorite watched movie of grade 7 students?
5.How do you support the government fight against the COVID
19?

6. Where in town does our math teacher live?
7.How many cups of water do my classmates drink each day?
8.How many minutes of recess do seventh grade students have
each day?
9.How many minutes does it take students in my class to get
ready for school in the morning?
10.Do all students in my class know what month it is?

Answer Key
1.NSQ
2. SQ
3. NSQ
4. SQ
5. NSQ
6.NSQ
7. SQ
8. NSQ
9. SQ
10. NSQ

Data In Statistics
Lesson 3, Quarter 4

Types of Data
Data sets can consist of two types of data:
qualitative data and quantitative data.
Data
Qualitative Data Quantitative Data
Consists of attributes,
labels, or
nonnumerical entries.
Consists of numerical
measurements or
counts.

Qualitative and Quantitative Data
Example:
The grade point averages of five students are listed
in the table. Which data are qualitative data and
which are quantitative data?
Student GPA
Sally 3.22
Bob 3.98
Cindy 2.75
Mark 2.24
Kathy 3.84
Quantitative
data
Qualitative
data

Example: Identify each of the following examples as
attribute (qualitative) or numerical (quantitative)
variables.
1. The residence hall for each student in a statistics
class.
2. The amount of gasoline pumped by the next 10
customers at the local Unimart.
3. The amount of radon in the basement of each of
25 homes in a new development.
(Qualitative)
(Quantitative)
(Quantitative)

Example: Identify each of the following examples as
attribute (qualitative) or numerical (quantitative)
variables.
4. The color of the baseball cap worn by each of 20
students.
5. The length of time to complete a mathematics
homework assignment.
6. The state in which each truck is registered when
stopped and inspected at a weigh station.
(Qualitative)
(Quantitative)
(Quantitative)

Quantitative Data
Quantitative data represented by numbers
can either be discrete or continuous.

Discrete Data
Discrete data can be in whole number or
in decimal provided that the data is exact.
Examples: number of students in a
classroom, and shoe size

Continuous Data
Continuous data doesn’t have an exact value.
Examples: height, weight, number of
leaves on a tree, and temperature.
* Continuous data continuously changes.

Discreet vs Continuous Data
Discrete data can only take certain
values, while Continuous data can take
take any value.

Classify if the data is discrete or continuous.
1.Number of workers in a
company
2.Amount of rain that falls in
a storm
3.Speed of cars
4.Number of test questions
you answered correctly
5.Trophies in a shelf
Discrete
Continuous
Continuous
Discrete
Discrete

Levels of Measurement
The level of measurement determines which statistical
calculations are meaningful. The four levels of
measurement are: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Levels of
Measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Lowest
to
highest

Nominal Level of Measurement
Data at the nominal level of measurement
are qualitative only.
Levels of
Measurement
Nominal
Calculated using names, labels, or
qualities. No mathematical
computations can be made at this level.
Colors in
the US flag
Names of students
in your class
Textbooks you are
using this school year

Ordinal Level of Measurement
Data at the ordinal level of measurement
are qualitative or quantitative.
Levels of
Measurement
Arranged in order, but differences
between data entries are not
meaningful.
Class standings:
freshman, sophomore,
junior, senior
Numbers on the
back of each player’s
shirt
Ordinal
Top 50 songs
played on the
radio

Interval Level of Measurement
Data at the interval level of measurement are quantitative.
A zero entry simply represents a position on a scale; the
entry is not an inherent zero.
Levels of
Measurement
Arranged in order, the differences
between data entries can be calculated.
Temperatures Years on a
timeline
Interval
Atlanta Braves World
Series victories

Ratio Level of Measurement
Data at the ratio level of measurement are similar to the
interval level, but a zero entry is meaningful.
Levels of
Measurement A ratio of two data values can be formed so
one data value can be expressed as a ratio.
Ages Grade point
averages
Ratio
Weights

Summary of Levels of Measurement
No
No
No
Yes
Nominal
No
No
Yes
Yes
Ordinal
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Interval
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ratio
Determine if one
data value is a
multiple of
another
Subtract data
values
Arrange
data in
order
Put data in
categories
Level of
measurement

Try this!
Tell whether the data is Qualitative or Quantitative.
1.Favorite colors
2.Height
3.Language spoken at
home
4.Final grade in English 7
5.Age
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative

Try this!
Classify if the data is discrete or continuous.
1.Number of people in your
household
2.The size of your clothes
3.Daily temperature
4.Number of students in a
classroom
5.Weight
Discrete
Continuous
Continuous
Discrete
Continuous

List down what is asked:
1.What are the two types of data?
2.What are the two types of
Quantitative data?
3.Give the 4 levels of measurement
List Me Down!

Directions: Tell whether the data is
CATEGORICAL or NUMERICAL.
Learning Task 1
1.Colors in rainbow
2.Brands of cellphone in the Philippines
3.Zodiac signs
4.Scores in quizzes
5.The length of the box

Directions: Classify if the data represent
DISCRETE or CONTINUOUS.
Learning Task 2
6. The weight of a baby
7. Room temperature
8. Number of male students in Grade 7
Sampaguita
9. The length of a stick
10.Sizes of a T-shirt

Directions: Tell whether the data is
CATEGORICAL or NUMERICAL.
Learning Task 1
1.Colors in rainbow
2.Brands of cellphone in the
Philippines
3.Zodiac signs
4.Scores in quizzes
5.The length of the box
QUALITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE

Directions: Classify if the data represent DISCRETE or
CONTINUOUS.
Learning Task 2
6. The weight of a baby
7. Room temperature
8. Number of male students in
Grade 7 Sampaguita
9. The length of a stick
10. Sizes of a T-shirt
CONTINUOUS (6)
CONTINUOUS (7)
DISCRETE (8)
DISCRETE (9)
DISCRETE (10)

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