2. Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilization or the Harappan
Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilization in the northwestern regions of South Asia
The Indus Valley Civilization derives its name from the Indus River, one of the longest
rivers in Asia.
Many of the Indus Valley Civilization's large, well-planned cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro,
Kot Diji and Chanhu-Daro, were situated along the course of the Indus River, which
flows from the mountains of western Tibet, through the disputed region of Kashmir and
southwestward before emptying into the Arabian Sea near the modern city of Karachi,
Pakistan.
3. Excavated ruins
of Mohenjo-
daro, Sindh province
, Pakistan, showing
the Great Bath in the
foreground.
Mohenjo-daro, on
the right bank of
the Indus River, is
a UNESCO World
Heritage Site, the first
site in South Asia to
be so declared.
4. A photo of the Indus Valley Civilization's large settlement, Mohenjo-Daro, in what is now
Sindh province, Pakistan. The settlement was abandoned in the 19th century B.C
6. Dholavira in
Gujarat,
India, is one
of the
largest cities
of Indus
Valley
civilisation,
with stepwel
l steps to
reach the
water level
in artificially
constructed
reservoirs
16. Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilization or the Harappan
Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilization in the northwestern regions of South Asia
The Indus Valley Civilization derives its name from the Indus River, one of the longest
rivers in Asia.
Many of the Indus Valley Civilization's large, well-planned cities, such as Mohenjo-Daro,
Kot Diji and Chanhu-Daro, were situated along the course of the Indus River, which
flows from the mountains of western Tibet, through the disputed region of Kashmir and
southwestward before emptying into the Arabian Sea near the modern city of Karachi,
Pakistan.
17. Early Indian art
Rock art
Rock painting at one of the Bhimbetka rock shelters.
Prehistoric petroglyphs in the Edakkal Caves, Wayanad
Rock art of India includes rock relief carvings, engravings and paintings, some (but by
no means all) from the South Asian Stone Age. It is estimated there are about 1300 rock
art sites with over a quarter of a million figures and figurines
19. Early Indian art
Vedic period
The millennium following the collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation, coinciding with
the Indo-Aryan migration during the Vedic period, is devoid of anthropomorphical
depictions.
It has been suggested that the early Vedic religion focused exclusively on the worship of
purely "elementary forces of nature by means of elaborate sacrifices", which did not
lend themselves easily to anthropomorphological representations
21. Early Indian art
Mauryan art (c. 322 BCE – c. 185 BCE)
The millennium following the collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation, coinciding with
the Indo-Aryan migration during the Vedic period, is devoid of anthropomorphical
depictions.
It has been suggested that the early Vedic religion focused exclusively on the worship of
purely "elementary forces of nature by means of elaborate sacrifices",
23. The Pataliputra capital, an early
example of Mauryan stone
sculpture,
displaying Persian and Hellenistic in
fluences. 3rd century BCE, Patna
Museum
24. Early Indian art
Buddhist art (c. 150 BCE – c. 500 CE)
The major survivals of Buddhist art begin in the period after the Mauryans, from which
good quantities of sculpture survives. Some key sites are Sanchi, Bharhut and Amaravati,
some of which remain in situ, with others in museums in India or around the world.
Stupas were surrounded by ceremonial fences with four profusely carved toranas or
ornamental gateways facing the cardinal directions.
These are in stone, though clearly adopting forms developed in wood. They and the
walls of the stupa itself can be heavily decorated with reliefs, mostly illustrating the lives
of the Buddha.
Gradually life-size figures were sculpted, initially in deep relief, but then free-standing.
borate sacrifices",
