2. OVERVEIW
• Abnormal development or deformities of the
ear anatomy can cause a range of
complications, from cosmetic issues to hearing
and development problems.
• An estimated 6 to 45 percent of children are
born with some sort of congenital ear
deformity.
3. • Some ear deformities are temporary. If the
deformity was caused by abnormal positioning
in the uterus or during birth, it may resolve as
the child grows,.
• Other ear deformities will need medical
intervention – either nonsurgical or surgical –
to correct the ear anomaly.
4. ETIOLOGY OF EAR DEFORMITIES
•The causes of ear deformities are varied. Most ear
deformities are congenital, meaning they are
present from birth. In rare cases, children develop
ear deformities from trauma or disease
•In some children, an ear deformity is a symptom of
a genetic disorder that can affect multiple body
systems, such as Goldenhar syndrome and
CHARGE syndrome.
•Ear deformities can be inherited or caused by
genetic mutations
5. TYPES OF EAR DEFORMITIES
• There are several varieties of congenital ear
deformities, including:
• Protruding ears: (also called prominent ears): Ears
that, regardless of size, stick out more than 2 cm
from the side of the head constricted ears ( Lop
ear) : A variety of ear deformities where the
helical rim is either folded over (also called lop
ear), wrinkled, or tight
6. CONSTRICTED EARS ( LOP EAR)
• A constricted ear is
present when the ear
does not have normal size
and is missing some of
the normal features of the
ear.
• The ear appears smaller
than normal and often
there is a folding forward
and downward of the
upper portion of the ear.
This can range from mild
to severe
7. CRYPTOTIA
• Cryptotia is a congenital
ear deformity in which
the upper pole appears
buried beneath the
mastoid skin.
• Ear cartilage framework
that is partially buried
beneath the skin on the
side of the head
8. MICROTIA
• UNDER DEVELOPED
EXTERNAL EAR
• Microtia occurs more
commonly in males and
on the right side
(unilateral).
Approximately 10%
may occur on both sides
(bilateral)
9. • Although causes of microtia and other ear
deformities are difficult to define, some
theories include a decreased blood supply to
the developing ear in-utero.
• Others have theorized certain medication taken
by the mother during pregnancy such as
Accutane, Thalidomide and retinoic acid.
Environmental factors have also been
questioned
10. ANOTIA
• Total absence of the ear
• Anotia is characterized
by total absence of the
ear, and it is
exceptionally rare. This
condition can affect one
or both ears, though it is
more common to only
have one missing ea
11. • The cause of anotia is unknown. Up to 40
percent of patients may have an associated
syndrome such as Treacher Collins or
Goldenhar syndrome.
• ANOTIA Some recent findings suggest that
women who have diabetes before they become
pregnant and those with a diet lower in
carbohydrates and folic acid during pregnancy
may be at an increased risk of having a baby
with anotia or microtia (underdeveloped
external ears).
12. TREATMENT
• Anotia is best treated by a multidisciplinary
team of specialists who are experienced in
treating this condition. This may include a
plastic surgeon for external ear
reconstruction, an otolaryngologist for inner
ear and hearing treatment , and a speech
pathologist for speech treatment.
13. TRAUMATIC EAR DEFORMITIES
• Lacerations, tears and bite injuries.
• Split earlobes : Occur gradually due to large or
heavy earrings
• Cauliflower ear : Abnormal cartilage forms on
top of the normal cartilage, resulting in bulky
misshapen ears.
14. EAR KELOIDS
• Caused by excessive scar tissue formation
after minor trauma, most commonly after ear
piercing
• Ear hemangiomas : Most common benign
tumor of infancy, can occur anywhere on the
body, including the external ear and the
salivary gland in front of the ear.
