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Child Mortality Rates Impacted by Living Conditions
- 1. Brian Ash, Lucy Bailey, Shuai Ding, Danny Murphy, Ashley Musso Measuring Impacts of Living Conditions on Child Mortality Rates
- 2. Highest Child Mortality Rates by Country
- 3. Highest Child Mortality Rates by Region
- 4. Relationship Between Access to Clean Water and Child Mortality
- 5. Relationship Between Access to Sanitation and Child Mortality
- 6. Relationship Between Adult Literacy and Child Mortality
- 8. Relationship Between Malnutrition and Child Mortality
- 9. Underweight Children in Low Income Countries
- 10. Relationship Between Regional Development and Child Mortality
- 11. Analysis & Recommendations Closest Correlations in Living Condition Variables Regional Development R2 = 0.75 Access to Basic Sanitation R2 = 0.74
- 12. Thank You
- 13. Sources https://data.unicef.org/topic/water-and- sanitation/drinking-water/ https://data.unicef.org/resources/dataset/gender-and- education-data/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/under- five-mortality/ https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/malnutrition/
Editor's Notes
- As the data depicts, the relationship between basic access to water and child mortality appears to follow the trend line relatively closely. Here we can see a relationship between the two variables and an R 2 value of 0.67, which is pretty high on the scale of 0 to 1, indicating a close square of correlation between the two variables
- As you can see from the graph, there does appear to be a relationship between child mortality and adult literacy; the r squared value is 0.68. Where literacy rate is 100%, child mortality is lower as compared to here where the literacy rate is only around 40% and the child mortality is significantly higher. Of course, correlation doesn't equal causation, but based on these findings you can infer that if a country has higher literacy rates, their child mortality rates will be lower.
- When you look at the difference between male and female literacy rates in each country, you notice that although many countries have it equal, like Argentina, Slovenia, etc, there are also many places where the female literacy rate is lower than the male literacy rate, like in Angola, Chad, and Sudan. Based off of this chart, it appears that the variance between male and female literacy rates is significant.
- As you can see from the scatter plot, there appears to be a correlation between the increase of underweight malnourished children under 5 and the national child mortality rate. However, when you look more closely at the R^2 value, you can see the value is only 0.03, indicating a weak correlation between the independent and dependent variables. It is also important to note that there are relatively few data points in this set, and as such, even one outlier could heavily influence the correlation and R^2 value. Therefore, we cannot definitively conclude that there is a strong relationship between malnourishment and child mortality, but we cannot discount it entirely either due to a relatively small data pool.
- To elaborate, here you can see the breakdown between the % of underweight children under 5 per low income countries. As mentioned previously, the relationship between malnourishment and child mortality is complicated. Some countries fit the trend line well, while some of the low income countries are outliers in this regard. One such country that fits well is Nigeria. When looking at this bar graph, it shows that Nigeria suffers greatly to malnourishment with their percentage being 30%. This is interesting because out of the low income countries displayed on this graph, they have the second highest child mortality rate at 115.6 in 2013, thus fitting the trend line. However, there are also outliers as previously discussed, like Sierra Leone which has a relatively average malnourishment rate of 18%, but had a child mortality rate of 137.3/100,000, which is the highest child mortality rate of these countries. Therefore, there is a complicated relationship, but a strong correlation cannot be drawn from the data due to the variation.
- After we learned about the factors of basic sanitation, water access, and adult literacy in relations with child mortality, regional development .As you can see in this scatter plot, where the x axis is human development index provided by UN. And the y axis is the national child mortality per 100,000. Although there are some outlies in the data, with the R squared being 0.75, we can come to a conclusion that there is an inverse relationship between these two variables that higher the HDI is, the lower child mortality is.