2. Bibliography.
Length:
The length of each annotation depends on specific assignment
directions. It can be a few
sentences or as long as 150-200 words. Like an abstract, it
should not be more than one
paragraph long. It may contain verb phrases with the
understanding that the source is the subject,
but preferably, it should contain only complete sentences.
Selecting Sources:
The first step in creating an annotated bibliography is to find
relevant sources with valuable
information and ideas about your topic. Refer to your
assignment for instructions on the specific
number and type of source required. Often, you will be required
to utilize the GCU Library to
locate sources (e.g., peer-reviewed journal articles and
scholarly books). The GCU Library can
be accessed at https://library.gcu.edu. Read abstracts of sources
to select the most appropriate.
There are a variety of helpful services and tools provided by the
GCU Library designed to assist
students with locating the best sources for assignments. Popular
services include tutorials, live
webinars, and subject-specific research guides. Librarians are
also available via telephone, email,
and chat. The library’s contact information and hours are
located at https://library.gcu.edu.
For those students wishing to compile their source citations in a
centralized location with the
ability to assist in the creation of bibliography, RefWorks is an
excellent option. This is
4. An evaluative annotation is a critical analysis of the strengths,
weaknesses, and biases of the
source, and why you think it is useful.
An annotation may contain some or all of the following
depending on the assignment directions
and the content of the source:
• Background of the author(s)
• Conclusions made by the author(s)
• Summary of the content or scope of the text
• Outline of the main argument
• Intended audience
• Research methodology
• Reliability of the text
• Special features of the text that were unique or helpful (charts,
glossary, graphs, etc.)
• Relevance or usefulness of the text for your research
• How the text relates to themes or concepts in your course
• Strengths and weaknesses of the text
• Your view or reaction to the text
7. Sample APA Annotated Bibliography
Sample Title: Annotated Bibliography
Barrett, C. K. (1978). The Gospel according to St. John: An
introduction with commentary and
notes on the Greek text (2nd ed.). Westminster John Knox
Press.
This commentary contains detailed exegesis of the Greek text
that is worth considering
regardless of whether one agrees with all of Barrett's
conclusions. Author provides a
lengthy introduction (146 pages), including discussions on the
historical, theological, and
linguistic aspects of this book. Barrett is one of the greatest
English-language
commentary writers of the 20th century. However, he follows
some older views on John's
gospel regarding source and background. Thus, it may be less
useful than more modern
commentaries, as much critical thought has moved beyond it.
Brown, O., & Robinson, J. (2012). Resilience in remarried
families. South African Journal of
Psychology, 42(1), 114–126.
9. and ADD. Both of the authors' affiliations are with the
Department of Psychology,
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa. The
article contains chart and
graphs of the research study performed to aid in comprehension
of the study.
Lamott, A. (1995). Bird by bird: Some instructions on writing
and life. Anchor Books.
Taking a humorous approach to being a writer, this book is wry
and anecdotal and offers
advice on the writing life from plot development to jealousy,
from perfectionism to
struggling with one's own internal critic. In the process, Lamott
includes fun and
productive writing exercises. She offers sane advice for those
struggling with the
anxieties of writing, but her main goal seems to be offering
readers a reality check
regarding writing, publishing, and struggling with one's
imperfections in the process. It is
not a dry handbook of writing and/or publishing, but it is
indispensable because of its
honest perspective, down-to-earth humor, and encouraging
approach. Parts of it could
11. considering, regardless of whether one agrees with all of
Barrett's conclusions. The
author provides a lengthy introduction (146 pages), including
discussions on the
historical, theological, and linguistic aspects of this book.
Barrett is one of the greatest
English-language commentary writers of the twentieth century.
However, he follows
some older views on John's gospel regarding source and
background. Thus, it may be less
useful than more modern commentaries, as much critical
thought has moved beyond it.
Brown, Ottilia, and Juliet Robinson. "Resilience in Remarried
Families." South African Journal
of Psychology, vol. 42, no.1, 2012, pp. 114-126.
The article reports on a salient research study in which the
target was to identify
and explore the resiliency factors that enable blended families
to adjust and adapt. It
involved a total of 35 participants: 19 parents and 16 adults.
Descriptive statistics were
used to analyze the biographical information. Correlation
analysis was used to analyze
the quantitative data, and content analysis was used to analyze
13. anecdotal advice on the writing life from plot development to
jealousy, from
perfectionism to struggling with one's own internal critic. In the
process, Lamott includes
fun and productive writing exercises. She offers sane advice for
those struggling with the
anxieties of writing, but her main goal seems to be offering
readers a reality check
regarding writing, publishing, and struggling with one's
imperfections in the process. It is
not a dry handbook of writing and/or publishing, but it is
indispensable because of its
honest perspective, down-to-earth humor, and encouraging
approach. Parts of it could
easily be included in the curriculum for a writing class. Several
chapters in Part 1 address
the writing process and would serve to generate discussion on
students' own drafting and
revising processes. Some writing exercises would also be
appropriate for generating
classroom writing exercises. Students should find Lamott's style
both engaging and
enjoyable.
15. of Psychology 42, no. 1 (March 2012): 114-126. https://doi-
org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/008124631204200112.
This article reports on a salient research study in which the
target was to identify and
explore the resiliency factors that enable blended families to
adjust and adapt. It involved
a total of 35 participants: 19 parents and 16 adults. Descriptive
statistics were used to
analyze the biographical information. Correlation analysis was
used to analyze the
quantitative data, and content analysis was used to analyze the
qualitative data. The
research found that family hardiness, problem-solving,
communication, family time and
routines showed a positive correlation for both parties. Common
themes between the teen
and parents such as spirituality, boundaries, communication,
flexibility and tolerance also
had a strong positive correlation between both. The journal is a
peer-reviewed journal.
Ottilia Brown is also the author of other academic journal
articles on learning disabilities
and ADD. Both of the authors' affiliations are with the
Department of Psychology,
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa. The
article contains chart and
graphs of the research study performed to aid in comprehension
of the study.
Lamott, Anne. Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and
Life. New York: Anchor Books,
1995.
Taking a humorous approach to being a writer, this book is wry
16. and anecdotal and offers
advice on the writing life from plot development to jealousy,
from perfectionism to
struggling with one's own internal critic. In the process, Lamott
includes fun and
productive writing exercises. She offers sane advice for those
struggling with the
anxieties of writing, but her main goal seems to be offering
readers a reality check
regarding writing, publishing, and struggling with one's
imperfections in the process. It is
not a dry handbook of writing and/or publishing, but it is
indispensable because of its
honest perspective, down-to-earth humor, and encouraging
approach. Parts of it could
easily be included in the curriculum for a writing class. Several
chapters in Part 1 address
the writing process and would serve to generate discussion on
students' own drafting and
revising processes. Some writing exercises would also be
appropriate for generating
classroom writing exercises. Students should find Lamott's style
both engaging and
enjoyable.
Sample Title: Annotated BibliographyAnnotated
BibliographyAnnotated Bibliography
Literature Evaluation Table
Learner Name: Marian Alli
Instructions: Use this table to evaluate and record the
17. supporting primary quantitative research articles as indicated in
the assignment instructions. The selected research articles must
be published within 5 years of your anticipated graduation date.
You will use this table for subsequent assignments in this
course, so be sure to incorporate instructor feedback and revise
or replace articles accordingly. Add or delete rows as needed.
Proposed PICOT-D Question: “Does Psychological counseling
help reduce the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers as
compared to increased reimbursement over a period of
2months?"
Table 1: Primary Quantitative Research – Supports Element of
PICOT-D Question
APA Reference
(Include the GCU permalink or working link used to access the
article.)
Research Questions/ Hypothesis, and Purpose/Aim of Study
Type of Primary Research Design
Research Methodology
· Setting/Sample (type, country, number of participants in
study)
· Methods (instruments used; state if instruments can be used in
the DPI Project)
· How were the data collected?
Interpretation of Data
(State p-value: acceptable range is p= 0.000 – p= 0.05)
Outcomes/
Key Findings
(Succinctly states all study results applicable to the DPI
Project.)
Limitations of Study and Biases
Recommendations for Future Research
Explanation of How the Article Supports Your Proposed
18. PICOT-D Question (P.C.O.T or D)
Gupta, S., Kumar, M., Rozatkar, A. R., Basera, D., Purwar, S.,
Gautam, D., & Jahan, R. (2021). Feasibility and effectiveness of
telecounseling on the psychological problems of frontline
healthcare workers amidst COVID-19: A randomized controlled
trial from Central India. Indian journal of psychological
medicine, 43(4), 343-350. retrieved from: Feasibility and
Effectiveness of Telecounseling on the Psychological Problems
of Frontline Healthcare Workers Amidst COVID-19: A
Randomized Controlled Trial from Central India (sagepub.com)
During the Covid 19 pandemic, could telecounseling be a
successful model of psychological intervention for frontline
healthcare personnel with psychological issues?
This study followed a single blind, active arm versus general
education; Parallel group randomized control design.
As the telecounseling services were aimed at HCWs who were
actively involved in patient care, inclusion criteria included
HCWs (doctors and nursing staff, but not other fHCWs as
indicated above).
This study was conducted as part of a broader one (an online
survey) to determine the extent and causes of psychological
issues among HCW. It was conducted between April 2020 and
June 2020, while the epidemic was still evolving and there was
a lack of knowledge and resources to deal with it.
The participants were educated about their current level of
mental illness and invited them to participate in the research.
General guidance, COVID-19-related data, counseling, and
various behavioral activities are being evaluated as
psychological interventions to alleviate their psychological
difficulties.
This study found no baseline differences between the two
groups (telecounseling group, n = 9; general education group, n
= 10). On the DASS-21 intention-to-treat analysis, a significant
19. time-effect was detected (P = 0.044 to.001).
The study found that telecounseling could be a realistic and
scalable model of psychological therapies for the fHCW with
psychological issues, despite certain feasibility constraints.
A total of 59 people were contacted about taking part in the
study.
Potential volunteers (n = 16, 27.1 percent) opted out of the
study, which was a disappointment.
To close the gap in mental health care, more research is needed,
especially including diverse groups and different technology.
This article directly supports my picot question by illustrating
how telecounseling services can help in helping reduce COVID
19 impacts among the front-line workers,
Hennein, R., Mew, E. J., & Lowe, S. R. (2021). Socio-
ecological predictors of mental health outcomes among
healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the
United States. PloS one, 16(2), e0246602: Retrieved from:
Socio-ecological predictors of mental health outcomes among
healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the
United States (plos.org)
The goal of this study was to help healthcare personnel in the
event of a future illness outbreak.
a cross-sectional study of healthcare workers was undertaken
online by the researchers
HCWs linked with 25 US medical centers were asked to
complete an online survey by the researchers, who did so from
May 1 to May 31, 2020. A geographic mapping tool for COVID-
19 transmission data was used to choose hospitals in states with
high rates of transmission. The Yale Institutional Review Board
gave its blessing to the research, and all participants signed a
consent form to be a part of it. Cross-sectional studies in this
publication were reported in accordance with the STROBE
reporting guideline, which was used to strengthen the reporting
of such studies. A majority of the 1,092 participants were
20. female, 51.9 percent were frontline workers, and the average
age was 40.4.
Important mental health outcomes with excellent psychometric
qualities were included in the study. PHQ-9 is used to evaluate
the signs and symptoms of medical disease.
There were 13.9 percent, 15.6%, 22.88%, and 42.88% of those
surveyed who had likely MD, GAD, PTSD, and AUD; The need
for additional social support was found to be related with
significantly higher probabilities of likely MD, GAD, PTSD,
and AUD in the multivariable adjusted models.
The study found that Mental health disorders are common
among front-line health care workers, and hence therapies like
social support, active listening, psychological counseling, sleep
hygiene, and mindfulness techniques are necessary.
In particular, the study's prevalence estimates may not be
generalizable given the convenience sample's small size and
lack of representativeness.
Resilience-building psychological and social support resources
may be available to US healthcare workers, according to the
findings of this study. Findings from this study will aid in
developing ways to better care for those on the frontlines of any
future pandemic outbreaks.
Health care professionals' psychological well-being can be
improved by targeted interventions based on these findings
during disease epidemics.
Table 2: Primary Quantitative Research – Supports Intervention
Directly
APA Reference
(Include the GCU permalink or working link used to access the
article.)
Research Questions/ Hypothesis, and Purpose/Aim of Study
Type of Primary Research Design
Research Methodology
· Setting/Sample (type, country, number of participants in
21. study)
· Methods (instruments used; state if instruments can be used in
the DPI Project)
· How were the data collected?
Interpretation of Data
(State p-value: acceptable range is p= 0.000 – p= 0.05)
Outcomes/
Key Findings
(Succinctly states all study results applicable to the DPI
Project.)
Limitations of Study and Biases
Recommendations for Future Research
Explanation of How the Article Supports the Intervention for
Your Proposed PICOT-D Question
Gupta, S., & Sahoo, S. (2020). Pandemic and mental health of
the front-line healthcare workers: a review and implications in
the Indian context amidst COVID-19. General Psychiatry, 33(5).
retrieved from: Pandemic and mental health of the front-line
healthcare workers: a review and implications in the Indian
context amidst COVID-19 (nih.gov)
This study aimed at finding out whether Making mental health
resource materials available; providing training in stress
management arranging for confidential telephonic calls/online
counselling or consultation with a mental health expert; and
arranging for a visit to a mental health expert could help front-
line HCWs deal with mental health issues amid Covid 19.
literature was searched in the Medline, PubMed, and Google
Scholar databases
Nurses were the most prevalent study participants, followed by
doctors. Up till April 7, 2020, a total of 127 articles were
gathered. Only 37 publications were identified to be eligible for
consideration in the study. The majority of the studies were
about SARS. The bulk of them were cross-sectional (24), with
the majority of them using questionnaire surveys (including
22. internet surveys) (20) and a few using interviews. The study's
sample size varied depending on the study's design and context.
For example, online survey-based research had a large sample
size (ranging from 333 to 1557 participants), but hospital -based
surveys had a sample size ranging from 148 to 333 participants.
According to the literature, a considerable proportion of HCWs
suffer from mental health difficulties, including diagnosable
mental health disorders, during pandemics. Emotional distress is
likely in 29% of the population, and in 45% of nurses.
The study discovered that applying lessons learned from earlier
pandemics and other nations that have effectively combated
COVID-19 and acting on them could significantly reduce the
psychological impact of COVID-19 among HCWs.
Using online survey is associated with some such as self-
selection bias; this risk was mitigated by employing an
exceptionally large sample from a local location.
More research is needed, particularly from low and middle-
income countries like India, to devise treatments that are
customized to the needs of HCWs.
This study supports my picot by illustrating how the COVID-19
pandemic's mental health implications can be reduced through
making mental health resource materials available, providing
training in stress management arranging for confidential
telephonic calls/online counseling.
References
Gupta, S., Kumar, M., Rozatkar, A. R., Basera, D., Purwar, S.,
Gautam, D., & Jahan, R. (2021). Feasibility and effectiveness of
telecounseling on the psychological problems of frontline
healthcare workers amidst COVID-19: A randomized controlled
