© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc. Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess” Poetry © 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc. * Robert Browning (1806–1861) Browning married the already famous poetess Elizabeth Barrett, and they were considered one of the happiest couples of the century. Students may find it interesting that Mrs. Browning was significantly older than her husband, was partially invalid, and was sequestered from the outside world by an overly protective father (in fact, they eloped rather than had a traditional marriage). Browning had tried publishing standard love verse but his work fared poorly; today, his most popular poetry remains those works that we can categorize as dramatic monologues. * © 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc. Questions for DiscussionDescribe the dramatic situation. Characterize the speaker in detail. How is each aspect of his character suggested? What do his descriptions of the painting and statue tell you about him?What does the poem suggest about the nature of men's and women's roles through its characterization of the duke and his characterization of his “last duchess”?What assumptions does the duke make about his former wife? What assumptions do you make?What role does remarriage play in the work? * This poem contains no commentary and no obvious reflection; it is almost purely a straight dramatic situation. Because it is spoken by a single character, this kind of poem is often called a dramatic monologue. Characteristic of the dramatic monologue is a gradual revelation of the situation and the speaker's character. Was the Duke justified in his jealousy? Does a woman have any control over her blushing or other gestures if she is complimented? * © 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc. LITERATURE THE NORTON INTRODUCTION TO Kelly J. Mays * For more learning resources, visit the StudySpace: http://wwnorton.com/litweb Running head: HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS 1 HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION 6 Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients Name Course Tutor Date Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients Introduction The primary role of any healthcare organization is to improve the health and well-being of patients. To achieve this, it is necessary for healthcare organizations to make sure that they establish an environment that is safe and suitable for the administration of effective healthcare. However, there is a phenomenon in healthcare that threatens the delivery of quality healthcare in organizations, yet it is rarely given the attention that it deserves. The issue us that critically ill patients are acquiring illnesses in hospitals where they have gone to seek medication, and this affects the delivery of healthcare in the organizations. Critically ill patients such as patients with terminal illnesses or patients who have been admitted to the emergency department of hospitals are likely to spend a lot of time in healthcare organizations as they receive heal ...

1. © 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess”
Poetry
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
*
Robert Browning (1806–1861)
Browning married the already famous poetess Elizabeth Barrett,
and they were considered one of the happiest couples of the
century. Students may find it interesting that Mrs. Browning
was significantly older than her husband, was partially invalid,
and was sequestered from the outside world by an overly
protective father (in fact, they eloped rather than had a
traditional marriage). Browning had tried publishing standard
love verse but his work fared poorly; today, his most popular
poetry remains those works that we can categorize as dramatic
monologues.
*
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Questions for DiscussionDescribe the dramatic situation.
Characterize the speaker in detail. How is each aspect of his
character suggested? What do his descriptions of the painting
and statue tell you about him?What does the poem suggest about

2. the nature of men's and women's roles through its
characterization of the duke and his characterization of his “last
duchess”?What assumptions does the duke make about his
former wife? What assumptions do you make?What role does
remarriage play in the work?
*
This poem contains no commentary and no obvious reflection; it
is almost purely a straight dramatic situation. Because it is
spoken by a single character, this kind of poem is often called a
dramatic monologue. Characteristic of the dramatic monologue
is a gradual revelation of the situation and the speaker's
character. Was the Duke justified in his jealousy? Does a
woman have any control over her blushing or other gestures if
she is complimented?
*
© 2013 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
LITERATURE
THE NORTON INTRODUCTION TO
Kelly J. Mays
*
For more learning resources, visit the StudySpace:
http://wwnorton.com/litweb
Running head: HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS 1
HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION 6

3. Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infection in Critically Ill
Patients
Name
Course
Tutor
Date
Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infection in Critically Ill
Patients
Introduction
The primary role of any healthcare organization is to improve
the health and well-being of patients. To achieve this, it is
necessary for healthcare organizations to make sure that they
establish an environment that is safe and suitable for the
administration of effective healthcare. However, there is a
phenomenon in healthcare that threatens the delivery of quality
healthcare in organizations, yet it is rarely given the attention
that it deserves. The issue us that critically ill patients are
acquiring illnesses in hospitals where they have gone to seek
medication, and this affects the delivery of healthcare in the
organizations. Critically ill patients such as patients with
terminal illnesses or patients who have been admitted to the
emergency department of hospitals are likely to spend a lot of
time in healthcare organizations as they receive healthcare.
When patients acquire illnesses in hospitals where they have
gone to seek healthcare, it is highly likely that it may lead to
the worsening of the initial presenting condition, delay recovery
or even lead to death in extreme cases. The primary purpose of

4. this paper is to develop strategies, measures, and interventions
to prevent and possibly limit the impacts of hospital -acquired
illnesses on the delivery of healthcare. This paper holds that the
problem of critically ill patients in hospitals acquitting illnesses
is associated with negligence among healthcare providers and it
will be necessary for the healthcare providers to address
negligence so as to fight the infections
Background
Context of the problem
Critically ill patients are vulnerable due to weakened
immunity, and as a result, they need to be cared for properly.
Cases have been on the rise where these patients acquire
infections from the hospitals where they are receiving
healthcare. Data suggest that close to 6% of critically ill
patients who are admitted in healthcare organizations acquire
illnesses in the facilities and that has in many cases lowed the
quality of healthcare, hindered the recovery patients or in
extreme cases led to the death of the patients (Fox et al., 2015).
When an organization realizes that its patients are acquiring
illnesses from a facility, the only realistic conclusion is that the
facility has some challenges that need to be addressed.
Impact of the problem
There are several impacts that the problem of acquisition of
illnesses in hospitals may have on both the facility and patients.
The primary impact of the problem is that it prevents or delays
the recovery of the patients. As stated before, critically ill
patients have low immunity, and when they acquire new
illnesses, it is highly likely that their survival may be
compromised. That will delay the course of their recovery.
Besides, it is also likely that death may arise (Haverstick et al.,
2015). To a healthcare facility, a high number of hospital-
acquired illnesses may affect negatively affect the reputation of
the organization.
Addressing the challenge
While appreciating the enormity of this threat to the life and
safety of patients, it is notable that only a few organizations are

5. taking active measures to address the challenge. The following
is a discussion of some of the measures that are or may be used
to address the problem;
Firstly, hospitals need to maintain very high levels of hygiene
(Da Silva et al., 2020). Many of the cases of acquired illnesses
in hospitals arise from the failure of healthcare organizations to
maintain high standards of hygiene. When hospitals fail to
maintain high levels of hygiene, they make it easy for disease-
causing pathogens to attack the patients (Mehta et al., 2014).
Thus, one of the most effective ways of eliminating hospital -
acquired infection is to make sure that healthcare organizations
practice very high levels of hygiene. The second course of
action is the need for patients to clean hands regularly. Many of
the illnesses that patients acquire in hospitals arise from poor
hygiene, and that leads to the development of illnesses. It is
incredibly important to make sure that patients regularly clean
their hands. Regular cleaning of hand is one of the most
effective ways of keeping germs away. Failure to do this is
likely to increase the chances of patients contracting diseases.
Finally, nurses must improve hand-washing so that they may not
touch patients with germs. Nurses have frequent contact with
patients, and as a result, they may easily transmit infections to
the patients. It is important to note that nurses spend a lot more
time with patients than any other healthcare provider (Lewis et
al., 2019). Thus, when nurses have any infection, it is possible
for them to infect the patients in the event where they fail to
maintain a high standard of hygiene and use the appropriate
protective gear. The use of protective gear plays an important
role in making sure that there is no bodily contact that may
prevent infections.
Conclusion
The problem of critically ill patients in hospitals acquitting
illnesses is associated with negligence among healthcare
providers, and it will be necessary for the healthcare providers
to address negligence and embracing the use of preventive
measures so as to fight the infections. Critically ill patients

6. such as patients with terminal illnesses or patients who have
been admitted to the emergency department of hospitals are
likely to spend a lot of time in healthcare organizations as they
receive healthcare. However, critically ill patients are
vulnerable due to weakened immunity, and as a result, they need
to be cared for properly. Cases have been on the rise where
these patients acquire infections from the hospitals where they
are receiving healthcare. This paper has suggested some
measures, approaches, and interventions that may be used to
prevent infections. Firstly, hospitals need to maintain very high
levels of hygiene. Many of the illnesses that patients acquire in
hospitals arise from poor hygiene, and that leads to the
development of illnesses. Additionally, there is a need for
patients to clean their hands regularly. Finally, nurses must
improve hand-washing so that they may not touch patients with
germs.
References
Da Silva, J. K. C., Matos, E., & de Souza, S. D. S. (2020). Care
bundle for both prevention and control of hospital-acquired
infection in adult emergency service Fundamental Online, 12,
168-174.
Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D. A., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y. P.,
Nelson, C., ... & Bader, M. K. (2015). Use of a patient hand
hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and

7. improve nurses’ hand washing. American Journal of Critical
Care, 24(3), 216-224.
Haverstick, S., Goodrich, C., Freeman, R., James, S., Kullar, R.,
& Ahrens, M. (2017). Patients' handwashing and reducing
hospital-acquired infection. Critical care nurse, 37(3), e1-e8.
Lewis, S. R., Schofield‐ Robinson, O. J., Rhodes, S., & Smith,
A. F. (2019). Chlorhexidine bathing of the critically ill for the
prevention of hospital‐ acquired infection. Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews, (8).
Mehta, Y., Gupta, A., Todi, S., Myatra, S. N., Samaddar, D. P.,
Patil, V., ... & Ramasubban, S. (2014). Guidelines for the
prevention of hospital-acquired infections. Indian journal of
critical care medicine: peer-reviewed, official publication of
Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 18(3), 149.
Running head: MEMORANDUM 1
MEMORANDUM 2
Memorandum on Project Progress
Name
Course
Tutor
Date

8. Memorandum on Project Progress
TO:
FROM:
CC:
DATE:
Subject: Progress Report and Questions
The title of the project is Prevention of Hospital Acquired
Infection in Critically Ill Patients. This project is based on the
realization that there has been an increase in the number of
cases where patients living with critical illnesses and have been
admitted on hospital acquire other infection. I have identified
the issue, described it and provided all the relevant information
about it. Additionally, I have identified the possible causes of
the problem. Besides, I have analysed the stakeholders in the
problem. The selection of the stakeholders has been useful in
identifying those whose efforts will contribute to the success or
failure of the project. Finally, I have identified the possible
solution to problem.
Questions
i. I was initially struggling with the use of medical or nursing
terminologies such as in the introduction. Do you think I have
competently used medical jargon?
ii. It is important to communicate effectively. From my sentence
structure and my use of words, is my work clear on what I
would want to achieve?
iii. There is a need for studies to be simple, and understandable.
Reading my work, is it clear enough to be understood even by
non-medical professionals?
Thanks.
Running head: HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS 1
HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION 2

9. Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infection in Critically Ill
Patients
Lamlat Badaru
Health Communication.
Professor Lisa Leonard
May 27th, 2020
Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infection in Critically Ill
Patients
An Outline
I. Introduction
a. Current Issue: Critically ill patients are acquiring illnesses in
hospitals where they have gone to seek medication
b. Area of focus: Critically ill patients
c. Key words: Acquired illnesses, critically ill patients
i. Thesis statement: the problem of critically ill patients in
hospitals acquitting illnesses is associated with negligence
among healthcare providers and it will be necessary for the
healthcare providers to address negligence so as to fight the
infections
II. Background
a. Context of the problem; critically ill patients are vulnerable
due weakened immunity and as a result, they need to be cared
for properly. Cases have been on the rise where these patients
acquire infections from the hospitals where they are receiving
healthcare

10. b. Impact of the problem: the primary impact of the problem is
that it prevents or delays the recovery of the patients. Besides,
it may lead to death of the patients
c. What is currently being done to address the challenge? :
while appreciating the enormity of this threat to the life and
safety of patients, it is notable that there is little work that has
been done to address the challenge
III. Preventing hospital acquired infections in critically ill
patients
a. Point 1: Hospitals need to maintain very high levels of
hygiene
i. Many of the cases of acquired illnesses in hospitals arise from
the failure of the healthcare organizations to maintain high
standards of hygiene
b. Point 2: Patients need to clean hands regularly
i. Regular cleaning of hand is one of the most effective ways of
keeping germs away
c. Nurses must improve hand-washing so that they may not
touch patients with germs
i. Nurses have frequent contacts with patients and as a result,
they may easily transmit the infections to the patients
d. Use of protective gear when dealing with the patients
IV. Conclusion
a. Restate the thesis statement
i. the problem of critically ill patients in hospitals acquitting
illnesses is associated with negligence among healthcare
providers and it will be necessary for the healthcare providers
to address negligence so as to fight the infections
References
Fox, C., Wavra, T., Drake, D. A., Mulligan, D., Bennett, Y. P.,
Nelson, C., ... & Bader, M. K. (2015). Use of a patient hand

11. hygiene protocol to reduce hospital-acquired infections and
improve nurses’ hand washing. American Journal of Critical
Care, 24(3), 216-224.
Haverstick, S., Goodrich, C., Freeman, R., James, S., Kullar, R.,
& Ahrens, M. (2017). Patients’ hand washing and reducing
hospital-acquired infection. Critical care nurse, 37(3), e1-e8.
Lewis, S. R., Schofield‐ Robinson, O. J., Rhodes, S., & Smith,
A. F. (2019). Chlorhexidine bathing of the critically ill for the
prevention of hospital‐ acquired infection. Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews, (8).
Mehta, Y., Gupta, A., Todi, S., Myatra, S. N., Samaddar, D. P.,
Patil, V., ... & Ramasubban, S. (2014). Guidelines for
prevention of hospital acquired infections. Indian journal of
critical care medicine: peer-reviewed, official publication of
Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, 18(3), 149.