The governor plays a key role in influencing the state budgetary process in several ways: 1) The governor proposes an annual budget that outlines spending priorities and revenue estimates. 2) The governor can veto specific items in the budget passed by the state legislature. 3) The governor has influence over the legislature through negotiations and lobbying efforts to gain support for their budgetary goals.

1. POLA43
Describe the governor’s roles in influencing the budgetary
process.
· Response should be at least 500 words in length, include an
introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
· APA Style Format
· Use attached files
· At least one in-text citation from attached files
· Use the following reference when citing from attached files
Dye, T. R., & MacManus, S. A. (2012). Politics in states and
communities (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Education.
· Any other source material must be referenced
Running head: Abbreviated title (<50 characters) 1
Abbreviated title (<50 characters) 3
Title of paper
Author name
Institution
Instructions
This document serves two purposes. Firstly, it is a template for
the Method section. If you use this document to create your
Method section without changing the formatting or deleting
section headers, you should have a correctly formatted Method
section. You will obviously need to replace much of the text
here with your own writing, but leave the section headers
untouched and follow the directions and you should be good to

2. go.
Secondly, the text within the body of this document offers
advice and suggestions on what to write within each section.
They are intended to help you make sure that the appropriate
material appears in the appropriate sections. This is text that
must be replaced by your own writing, but you should find it
helpful.
A final bit of advice: the Method section is like a recipe’s
instructions. A recipe lists the ingredients needed very
precisely and comments on possible variations (if one is at high
altitudes, cooking time may be longer, etc). Similarly, the
Participants, Materials, Measures, and Ethical Considerations
sections list the ingredients and important issues for the
research study very precisely. A recipe will also give the step-
by-step process of how to create the dish, just as the Procedure
gives step-by-step instructions on how to do the research.
This instruction page should be deleted entirely.
Method
Participants
Begin this section by talking about the population of
people that will be needed for this study. Indicate anything
necessary to permit the reader to know what sort of person is
needed: do they have a disorder? Does it have a specific
severity or range of severities? Is there an age range? Are
factors such as gender, race, first language or others important
or controlled?
Will there be any screening done, such as a questionnaire
or a performance test? Will the results of these determine
whether a potential participant is eligible to take part? Will
these results determine which level of the predictor variable that
the participant falls into? For example, if the person has an
autism spectrum disorder, an assessment might be made to
determine the severity of the disorder in order to classify them
as mild, moderate, or severe for the purposes of the research

3. study.
How will the participants be recruited? One can’t simply
say: “They will be randomly selected.” One needs to indicate
how this will be done. Will people be approached on the street?
Will the researcher approach a clinic or school or other facility
where member of this population would be more common? Will
the researcher ask for referrals from professionals or hang
posters with an email address or telephone number?
Materials
Will any commercially available assessment instruments be
used (such as the MMPI-2, the Rorschach, the WAIS, Beck’s
Depression Inventory, etc.)? Each that will be used should be
identified and briefly described, including an explanation for
why it was chosen. A strong reliability or validity for assessing
the issue being researched would be an excellent reason, but be
sure to give specifics. “The WAIS was selected because it has
high reliability and validity,” tells the reader nothing. Be
specific and use references. “According to Blithe and Nelseon
(2009), the reliability of the WAIS for aiding in the evaluation
of cognitive functioning is 0.86. Due to the high reliability and
previous use of the assessment for similar research, the WAIS
was selected…”
If an assessment is to be custom made for the research,
some detail will be needed here. Why are no commercial
assessments to be used? What sort of questions will be asked
(give one or two specific examples of questions relevant to the
research topic)? How will the assessment be checked for
validity and reliability? Finally, provide language indicating
that the full text of the assessment is provided in an appendix of
the proposal. Students do not have to actually make the
assessment and appendix, but indicating the awareness that
inclusion of the custom-designed assessment is necessary would
be a good idea.
What other materials might be needed? Photographs? Are
computers or other electronic devices for performing or
analyzing the research needed? A specialized application on a

4. computer or tablet? Is a special setting (therapy room, play
room, etc.) needed and, if so, what sort of contents should it
have? Are tokens to be used? If so, what form will they take?
Anything that is not a basic office supply item should be
mentioned
Procedure
In this section students must outline very specifically how
the research will be done. First: will the researchers or
assistants require specialized training? For example, if one is
doing an observational study in which one wishes the observer
to track the number of times and severity of specific behaviors,
the observers need to be trained to recognize the specific target
behavior and to assess severity. One will want to train the
observers so that the observer inter-reliability is very high…that
is, if two observers see the same behavior they both recognize it
and rate it as essentially the same severity.
Recruitment is discussed in the Participants section, which
may include information on the groupings they are in based
upon the predictor/independent variable. However, this
subsection gives more details the specific groups that they will
be placed into or have been categorized into. The treatment that
each group gets must be outlined carefully so that the reader
knows exactly what will be done with the participants.
Obviously one cannot predict every eventuality, but attempting
to predict the more likely possibilities is a good thing to do.
Clearly indicate how the dependent (criterion) variable
data will be collected. Will observers be in the room with the
participant? When are the pretest and post-test done? How many
reaction time measurements will be made? Etc.
Also discuss how debriefing will occur and what, if any,
deceptions will need to be discussed. Debriefing and deception
also needs to be discussed in the Ethical Considerations section,
but they are part of the procedure and should be touched upon
here.
This section tends to be the lengthiest section because one
MUST give a very clear picture of exactly what will be done. If

5. this section is ambiguous, it is unlikely that the proposal would
be approved.
Measures
Identify your independent (or predictor) variable(s) here.
What is the variable name and what are the levels of the
variable? Is it something that needs to be measured? If so, how
is it measured? Examples could include drug dosage, severity
of depressive symptoms, functional level of language skills, etc.
Identify your dependent (or criterion) variable(s) here.
What is the variable name and how is it measured? Examples
could include reduction in anxiety symptoms, frequency of
suicidal ideation, degree of success in using a symbolic
communication system, etc.
Each variable should be discussed thoroughly and each
should be in its own paragraph to enhance clarity for the reader.
How will the reliability and validity of these variables be
assessed? This generally applies to things that must be
measured.
The Measures section could be placed ahead of the
Procedure section if one’s presentation would make that more
logical, but if you want to be safe, just leave it here.
Ethical Considerations
Discuss several ethical issues here; each should get its own
paragraph. Of course one should speak to the need for
confidentiality and privacy and how those will be maintained.
One also needs to discuss the concept of informed consent, the
voluntary nature of research and the fact that the participants
may withdraw at any time without coercion. Debriefing should
also be discussed.
If any deception has occurred, discuss why it was necessary and
whether it might produce problems for the participants. If it
might produce problems but still needs to be done, what will be
done to mitigate these problems?
If the participants have a special, protected status
(children, disordered, incarcerated, etc.) one needs to discuss
additional steps taken to ensure the safety and rights of the

6. participants.
Referencing specific standards from the Ethics Code would
be an example of best practices in covering this issue.
References
Author1, A.B., Author2, C.D., & Author3, E.F. (DATE). Article
title. Journal title, volume #, page numbers. DOI (if available)
Author4, G.H. (DATE). Book title. Place of publication:
Publisher.
Bordens, K.S., & Abbott, B.B (2013). Research design and
methods: A process approach, 9th Ed. New York, NY: McGraw
Hill
(The first two are templates for APA formatted references for a
journal article and a book. The last is an example of the
textbook’s appropriate reference. Please take note of the
italicization and capitalization. Delete this comment)
Assignment
Assignment: Research Proposal – Draft of Method Section
The following course outcome is addressed in this Assignment:
PS504-4: Select appropriate data-collection methods for a given
research question.
This Assignment is part of the Research Proposal that will be
turned in at the end of Unit 9. This Assignment represents the
Method section of your Research Proposal. It should have a title
page and references page but should be formatted per the APA
Publication Manual’s outline of a Method section (see page 44
of the APA Publication Manual for a graphic and description of
the formatting as well as the template provided in Doc Sharing).
When it is revised for inclusion in the Research Proposal, some
changes will need to be made, but if you have done well here,
those changes will be minor.
The Method section of a Research Proposal is like the
instructions portion of a recipe. It outlines, in very specific
terms, everything that is necessary to cook the dish (to perform

7. the research and collect the data). This includes describing the
ingredients in very specific detail (describing the participants
and how they are recruited, describing any apparatus or other
materials necessary for the research to move forward) and then
giving very detailed instructions on how make the dish (the
procedure…how one will do the actual research). As with any
other recipe, if anything is vague or left out of the description,
the result will NOT be what was intended.
The Method section for the Research Proposal in this course
will have five subsections: Participants, Apparatus/Materials,
Procedure, Measures, and Ethical Considerations. Apart from
these subsections, there should be no other material in the
Method section.
Under “Participants,” the population to be sampled should be
clearly described and the method of sampling (random,
stratified, etc.) described along with the rationale for why that
method will be used. How the actual recruitment will be
performed to achieve that sampling method should also be
described.
“Apparatus/Materials” will describe any equipment or other
materials that will be needed for the research. If you intend to
use a questionnaire or inventory, it should be clearly identified
and discussed here.
The “Procedure” subsection must be completed in enough detail
to ensure that someone else reading the Method section could
replicate the experiment exactly as proposed. Referring back to
the recipe metaphor: if the recipe does not clearly and exactly
describe every step, each person using the recipe is likely to
wind up with a very different product at the end (overcooked,
undercooked, with the wrong ingredients or the right ingredients
but the wrong amounts, etc.). The procedure section should also
clearly indicate what type of experimental design is being used
(for example: “quantitative, between-subjects design”).
The “Measures” subsection describes the variables being
assessed in the study. Describe the independent (predictor) and
dependent (criterion) variables, how they will be analyzed, and

8. how you will assess the reliability and validity of these
measures.
The final subsection, “Ethical Considerations” will discuss
appropriate ethical issues that might arise from performing the
research being proposed: informed consent, privacy issues, etc.
Do not simply give a laundry list of the APA standards or a
vague statement that they will be followed: discuss them in
terms of your proposal and how you will ensure that you are in
accord with the guidelines. If there are BACB guidelines that
might also come into play here, they should also be discussed.
There is a template for this Assignment in Doc Sharing. It
includes additional advice and suggestions and is formatted
properly. While use of the template is not mandatory, it is
strongly encouraged.
This assignment should be between 5–8 pages in length.
Assignment Directions:
To recap in an outline format:
1. Formal title page (this title page will not be included in the
Final Project)
2. Method section
a. Participants subsection (describing population to be tested,
describing sampling plan)
b. Materials subsection (describing all equipment and materials
needed)
c. Procedure subsection (detailed description of how the
research is to be done, sufficient to permit replication. Clearly
label research design)
d. Measures subsection (describing variables to be
controlled/measured as well as a discussion of reliability and
validity)
e. Ethical considerations subsection (discuss APA ethical
guidelines with respect to how they must be implemented for
the research. ABA students should also discuss anything
relevant from BACB guidelines.)
3. References (materials from this page and the Unit 4
Assignment’s references page will be concatenated in the Final

9. Project)
The Assignment should:
· Follow Assignment directions (review grading rubric for best
results).
· Use correct APA formatting per the APA Publication Manual,
6th Edition.
· Demonstrate college-level communication through the
composition of original materials in Standard American English.
· Be written in Standard American English and be clear,
specific, and error-free. If needed, be sure to use the Kaplan
University Writing Center for help.
Before You Begin!
Download the template document in Doc Sharing to assist with
this Assignment.
Submitting Your Assignment
Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location
that you will remember and with your full name along with the
class number. When you are ready to submit it, click on the
Dropbox and complete the steps below:
1. Click the link that says “Submit an Assignment.”
2. In the “Submit to Basket” menu, select Unit 7: Assignment.
3. In the “Comments” field, include at least the title of your
paper.
4. Click the “Add Attachments” button.
5. Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document.
6. You should revisit the Dropbox to view any helpful feedback
your instructor has left for you.
7. Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted
Assignment.