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‫چهارم‬ ‫فصل‬ ‫دانش‬ ‫نقشه‬:
2
‫فکری‬ ‫تاریخچه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫ریشه‬
•‫کنت‬ ‫اگوست‬(1798-1857:)
3
•‫اسپنسر‬ ‫هربرت‬(1820-1903:)
‫درباره‬ ‫اسپنسر‬ ‫دیدگاه‬‫ط‬ ‫از‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫تنظیم‬ ‫خود‬ ‫نظامی‬ ‫جامعه‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫این‬ ‫جامعه‬‫ریق‬
‫تو‬ ‫می‬ ، ‫آنها‬ ‫بین‬ ‫درونی‬ ‫رابطه‬ ‫نحوه‬ ‫و‬ ‫آن‬ ‫گوناگون‬ ‫ارگانهای‬ ‫یا‬ ‫عناصر‬ ‫بررسی‬‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ان‬
‫کرد‬ ‫درک‬.
4
•‫دورکیم‬ ‫امیل‬(1857-1917:)
5
•‫ویلفردو‬‫پارتو‬(1848-1923:)
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‫پارادایم‬ ‫ساختار‬
‫است‬ ‫کلی‬ ‫مقوله‬ ‫چهار‬ ‫دارای‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫کارکرد‬ ‫ساختارپارادایم‬..‫عبار‬ ‫مقوله‬ ‫چهار‬ ‫این‬‫تند‬
‫از‬:
‫الف‬)‫نظام‬ ‫نظریه‬‫اجتماعی‬.
‫ب‬)‫تعامل‬‫اجتماعی‬ ‫کنش‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫و‬ ‫گرایی‬.
‫ج‬)‫نظریه‬‫گرا‬ ‫تلفیق‬.
‫د‬)‫گرایی‬ ‫عینی‬.
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‫اجتماعی‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫نظریه‬:1-،‫ساختاری‬ ‫کارکردگرایی‬2-‫نظامها‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫سیستمها‬)
1-‫ساختاری‬ ‫کارکردگرایی‬ ‫نظریه‬
‫مالینوفیسکی‬:
8
‫براون‬ ‫رادکلیف‬:
9
‫ساختاری‬ ‫کارکردگرایی‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫تحوالت‬
.1.
2.
10
2.‫سیستمی‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫نظامها‬:)
‫مکانیکی‬ ‫قیاس‬:
11
•‫ارگانیسمی‬ ‫قیاس‬:
•‫سایبرنتیکی‬ ‫مدل‬:
12
‫تضاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫نظم‬ ‫بر‬ ‫طبیعی‬ ‫تمایل‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫بر‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫های‬ ‫مدل‬
13
‫اجتماعی‬ ‫کنش‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫و‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫تعامل‬(‫شیکاگو‬ ‫مکتب‬)
‫گرایی‬ ‫تعامل‬
•‫زیمل‬ ‫جرج‬(1858-1918)
14
•‫مید‬ ‫هربرت‬ ‫جورج‬(1863-1931)
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•‫متقابل‬ ‫کنش‬ ‫یا‬ ‫نمادین‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫تعامل‬‫نمادین‬
2-‫اجتماعی‬ ‫کنش‬ ‫نظریه‬
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‫اجتماعی‬ ‫کنش‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫ادامه‬
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‫گرا‬ ‫تلفیق‬ ‫نظریه‬
1.‫بالو‬ ‫قدرت‬ ‫مبادله‬ ‫مدل‬
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2.‫اجتماعی‬ ‫ساختار‬ ‫نظریه‬-‫مورتون‬ ‫فرهنگی‬
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3.‫تضاد‬ ‫کارکرگرایی‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫کوزر‬ ‫لوئیس‬)
4.‫ها‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫زایی‬ ‫ریخت‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫باکلی‬)
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‫تلفیقی‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫چهار‬ ‫به‬ ‫پایانی‬ ‫نگاه‬:
4.‫گرایی‬ ‫عینی‬:
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‫دارد‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫عینی‬ ‫مقوله‬ ‫در‬:
1.‫گرایی‬ ‫رفتار‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫اسکینر‬)
2.‫انتزاعی‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫تجربه‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫میلز‬ ‫رایت‬ ‫سی‬)
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‫کارکردگ‬ ‫پارادایم‬ ‫های‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫تمام‬ ‫مشترک‬ ‫مبانی‬‫رای‬:
23
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‫مقدمه‬:
25
‫کارکردگرا‬ ‫پارادایم‬ ‫درمحدوده‬ ‫سازمانی‬ ‫های‬ ‫نظریه‬
1-‫اجتماعی‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫نظریه‬
2-‫بوروکراتیک‬ ‫کارکردهای‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫نظریه‬
3-‫گرایی‬ ‫کثرت‬
4-‫گرایی‬ ‫عینی‬
5-‫کنش‬ ‫مرجع‬ ‫چوب‬ ‫چهار‬(‫اجتماعی‬ ‫کنش‬)
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1-‫گرایی‬ ‫عینی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫نظریه‬
‫گرایی‬ ‫عینی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫های‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫بالندگی‬
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‫صنعتی‬ ‫روانشناسان‬ ‫و‬ ‫کالسیک‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫تیلور‬‫ایول‬:)
28
‫صنعتی‬ ‫راونشناسی‬ ‫و‬ ‫تیلوریسم‬ ‫تفاوت‬:
29
‫هاثورن‬ ‫مطالعات‬
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•‫هاثورن‬ ‫پسا‬:‫انسانی‬ ‫روابط‬ ‫و‬ ‫شغلی‬ ‫رضایت‬
‫مطالعات‬‫هاثورن‬
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‫اجتماعی‬ ‫نظامهای‬ ‫نظریه‬–‫فنی‬:
32
‫تعادل‬ ‫نظریه‬‫سازمان‬:
‫سازمان‬ ‫ساختاری‬ ‫کارکردگرای‬ ‫رهیافت‬(‫سلزنیک‬:)
33
‫باز‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫مثابه‬ ‫به‬ ‫سازمانها‬(‫کان‬ ‫و‬ ‫کتز‬:)
34
‫سازمانی‬ ‫ویژگیهای‬ ‫تجربی‬ ‫مطالعات‬(‫استون‬ ‫گروه‬:)
35
‫اقتضایی‬ ‫نظریه‬:‫معاصر‬ ‫تلفیقی‬ ‫نظریه‬(‫لورش‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرنس‬:)
36
‫کاری‬ ‫زندگی‬ ‫کیفیت‬ ‫نهضت‬:
37
2-‫بوروکراتیک‬ ‫سوءکارکردهای‬ ‫نظریه‬:
‫مرتون‬ ‫دید‬ ‫از‬ ‫بوروکراتیک‬ ‫کارکردهای‬ ‫سوه‬:
1-‫یافته‬ ‫پرورش‬ ‫ناتوانی‬
2-‫پرستی‬ ‫آیین‬
‫دهد‬ ‫کاهش‬ ‫را‬ ‫سوءکارکردها‬ ‫مخرب‬ ‫بالقوه‬ ‫و‬ ‫فزاینده‬ ‫تاثیرات‬ ‫چگونه‬ ‫که‬ ‫بود‬ ‫درصدد‬ ‫سلزنیک‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ازاین‬.‫برای‬
‫داد‬ ‫پیشنهاد‬ ‫را‬ ‫سازوکار‬ ‫دو‬ ‫سلزنیک‬ ‫منظور‬ ‫این‬:
38
3-‫کنش‬ ‫مرجع‬ ‫چوب‬ ‫چهار‬:
39
40
4-‫گرا‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫نظریه‬:
41
42
‫نظریات‬ ‫سایر‬ ‫در‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫عناصر‬:
‫اجتماعی‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫در‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫عناصر‬:
‫بوروکراسی‬ ‫سوءکارکردهای‬ ‫های‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫در‬ ‫گرایی‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫عناصر‬:
‫ب‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫تا‬ ‫کنند،و‬ ‫می‬ ‫تبعیت‬ ‫گرا‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫دیدگاه‬ ‫از‬ ‫معموال‬ ‫تضاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫منافع‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫دو‬ ‫با‬ ‫رابطه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ها‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫این‬‫اهمیت‬ ‫ر‬
‫دارند‬ ‫اذعان‬ ‫سازمانی‬ ‫تحلیل‬ ‫در‬ ‫متغیری‬ ‫عنوان‬ ‫به‬ ‫قدرت‬.
‫کنش‬ ‫مرجع‬ ‫چوب‬ ‫چهار‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫در‬ ‫گرا‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫نظریه‬ ‫عناصر‬:
‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫منافع‬ ‫کثرت‬ ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫وضعیت‬ ‫هر‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬ ‫واقعیت‬ ‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫اعتراف‬ ‫با‬ ‫حوزه‬ ‫این‬ ‫پردازان‬ ‫نظریه‬‫مبنا‬
‫آورند‬ ‫روی‬.‫اند‬ ‫شده‬ ‫مواجه‬ ‫آنجا‬ ‫با‬ ‫خود‬ ‫مطالعه‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫سازمانهای‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬ ‫تضادهایی‬ ‫به‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫طور‬ ‫به‬ ‫همچنین‬ ،‫آنها‬
‫کنند‬ ‫می‬ ‫توجه‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫تحلیل‬ ‫و‬ ‫تجزیه‬ ‫ارزش‬ ‫که‬ ‫متغیری‬ ‫منزله‬ ‫به‬ ‫قدرت‬ ‫به‬ ‫گاهی‬ ‫و‬ ‫کنند‬ ‫می‬ ‫اشاره‬.
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‫کارکردگرا‬ ‫پارادایم‬ ‫درون‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫مکاتب‬ ‫مناقشه‬:
44

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