by Dr. Ladi Anudeep

1. CLIMATIC CHANGES
-Ladi Anudeep
ISM-IUK

2. INTRODUCTION
• Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of
weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended
period of time
• climate change may refer to change in average weather
conditions or in time variation of weather around long term
average conditions
• climate change is caused by factors such as biotic
processes, variations in solar radiation received by earth
and volcanic eruptions
• recent climate changes are due to GLOBAL WARMING

3. DIFFERENCES B/W WEATHER AND CLIMATE
• WEATHER is :
• short term
• limited area
• short range
• difficult to predict
• weather is what's happening outside the window right now

4. • CLIMATE is:
• long term
• wide area
• seasonal changes
• measured over long periods of time
• climate is many years of weather observation

5. CAUSES OF CLIMATIC CHANGES
• factors that can shape climate ae caled CLIMATE
FORCINGS or FORCING MECHANISM
• they include:
• > solar radiation
• > variations in earth's orbit
• > changes in green house gases

6. • FORCING MECHANISMS are of two types:
• INTERNAL:
• they include natura processes with in climate system itself
• Eg: thermohaine circulation
• EXRENAL:
• either NATURAL or ANTHROPOGENIC
• NATURAL are changes in solar output
• ANTHRPOGENIC are increased emission if green house
gases

7. • natural processes such as volcano eruptions, variations in
earths orbit or changes in sun's intensity are possible
causes
• however, human activities can also cause changes to the
cimate for creating green house gases emissions or
cutting down forests

9. EFFECTS
• 1) flooding of costal cities and isand nations
• 2) loss of worlf glacial water towers
• 3) marine life extinction
• 4) embedded droughts
• 5) desertification of world arabic land
• 6) end of apine skiing
• 7) health effects
• 8) surface temperature and cyclones
• 9) rainfall pattern

10. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
• the greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal
radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by
atmospheric greenhouse gases and is radiated in all
directions
• the main green house gases are:
• 1) water vapour
• 2) chlorofluro carbons
• 3) methane
• 4) carbondioxide

12. HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS ON CLIMATE CHANGES
• heat waves can lead to heat stroke and dehydration and are most
common cause of weather related deaths
• Eg: in 2003, heat waves caused death of 35,000 europians
• climate chanes may affect allergies and respiratory health
• climate change can enhance the spread of diseases through food,
water, and animals
• Acc to WHO, malaria, diarrhea, malnutrition and floods related to
climate change can cause about 1,50,000 world wide deaths
• IPCC reported 250 million more africans without potable water due
to climate related stress
• flooding linked to rising levels displaced millions of people

13. GRAPH ON CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE

16. MEASURES TO REDUCE CLIMATE CHANGE
• Purchase a fuel efficient car
• insulate home and clean air conditioning filters
• recycle home wastes
• replace incandescent light bulbs with compact
fluroscent bulbs
• plant as many trees as possible
• to emitt less amount of green house gases