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Pism report
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Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION
P-ISM (“Pen-style Personal Networking Gadget Package”), which is nothing but the new
discovery, which is under developing, stage by NEC Corporation. P-ISM is a gadget package
including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function,
virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass
function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The
whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal
gadget in a minimalist pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing. It is shown below:
Fig1.1: 5 pen pc
Communication Technology is rapidly increasing in this modern world. Computer, as
everybody knows, is the main communication machine used. Since the time computer has been
invented scientists and engineers have been trying making it more and more compact. As a result
we have been able to enjoy the numerous functionalities provided by the computers whether it is
Home PCs or Laptops. Systems have still been reduced so that they are used in Mobiles I-pods
and I-phones have replaced the laptops to an extent. It is in this context that Pen Computers come
into spot light. These are computers in the shape of different pens each having a function of its
own and when combined together give us the usage of a full-blown computer. It is a computer
broken apart into pieces, each the size of a pen. The screen and keyboard are projected onto
surfaces.
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Chapter-2
BACKGROUND
Origins: It seems to many of us these days that the pace of technological change is so
great that it outstrips our imaginations just as soon as we can conceive of the next nifty electronic
gadget we'd like to have, we find out that somebody has already built it. Miniaturized devices
such as cameras and telephones are examples of now common technologies that just a few years
ago most of us rarely encountered outside the fictional world of spy thrillers. Miniaturized
personal computers are the next logical step, but many readers might be surprised to learn that a
plan for PC components housed in devices the size and shape of ballpoint pens (as shown above)
was showcased by a major electronics company over two years ago. At the 2003 ITU Telecom
World exhibition held in Geneva, the Tokyo-based NEC Corporation displayed a conceptual
prototype of what they dubbed a "Penstyle Personal Networking Gadget Package," or P-ISM. As
NEC described the following component.
2.1 P-ISM:
P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-style cellular phone with a
handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small projector, camera scanner, and
personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are connected with one another through
short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also connected to the Internet through the
cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a minimalistic pen style enables the ultimate
ubiquitous computing. The P-ISM system was based on "low-cost electronic perception
technology" produced by the San Jose, California, firm of Canesta, Inc., developers of
technologies such as the "virtual keyboard" (although the last two pictures shown above appear
to be virtual keyboard products sold by other companies such as VKB rather than components of
the P-ISM prototype).
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2.2 CPU pen:
The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It is also known as computing
engine.
Fig2.1: CPU pen
The functionality of the CPU is done by one of the pen. It is also known as computing
engine. It consists of dual core processor embedded in it and it works with WINDOWS operation
system. The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out
the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer's
functions. The central processing unit carries out each instruction of the program in sequence, to
perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. This term has
been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.The form, design and
implementation of CPU shave changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their
fundamental operation remains much the same. Early CPUs were custom-designed as apart of a
larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, and computer. However, this costly method of designing
custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-
produced processors that are made for one or many purposes. This standardization trend
generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and mini computers and has rapidly
accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit(IC). The IC has allowed increasingly
complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers. Both
the miniaturization and standardization of CPUs have increased the presence of these digital
devices in modern life far beyond the limited application of dedicated computing machines.
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2.3 COMMUNCIATION PEN:-
P-ISMs are connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The
whole set is also connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. They are
connected through Tri-wireless modes (Blue tooth, 802.11B/G, and Cellular) which are made
small and kept in a small pen like device.
Fig2.2: Communication Pen
In fact, no-one expects much activity on 802.11n installations until the middle of 2008. “Rolling
out 802.11n would mean a big upgrade for customers who already have full Wi-Fi coverage, and
would be a complex adds networks, for those who haven't. Bluetooth is widely used because we
can able to transfer data or make connections without wires. This is very effective because we
can able to connect whenever we need without having wires. They are used at the frequency
band of 2.4 GHz ISM (although they use different access mechanisms). Bluetooth mechanism is
used for exchanging signal status information between two devices. These techniques have been
developed that do not require communication between the two devices (such as Blue tooth’s
Adaptive Frequency Hopping), the most efficient and comprehensive solution for the most
serious problems can be accomplished by silicon vendors. They can implement information
exchange capabilities within the designs of the Blue tooth. The circuit diagram for the
802.11B/G is given below. It is nothing but also type of Blue tooth. Using this connectivity we
can also connect it with the internet and can access it anywhere in the world.
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2.4 LED Projector:
The role of monitor is taken by LED Projector which projects on the screen. The size of
the projector is of A4 size. It has the approximate resolution capacity of 1024 X 768. Thus it is
gives more clarity and good picture.
Fig2.4: LED Projector
LED projectors are becoming more and more popular. LED technology is used in a wide range
of products, including home theater projectors, business and education projectors, and even the
emerging market of pico projectors, handheld projectors, and other mini projector systems. LED
light sources have some serious advantages over conventional lamps. LED projectors require
little maintenance, as there is no lamp to be changed. Furthermore, LED light sources last
significantly longer than the competition. Lastly, the technology is greener than the alternative
conventional projector lamps. Between their long lives, lack of upkeep, and lower power usage,
LED projectors save you money in the long run.
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2.5 Virtual Keyboard:
The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users. The
VKB emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having QWERTY arrangement
of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that
smoothly connects to of PC and Most of the handheld devices (PDA's, tablet PC's).The I-Tech
laser keyboard acts exactly like any other "ordinary" keyboard.
Features of virtual keyboards are:
Cellular Telephones, Space saving Computers, Laptops, Tablet PCs, Clean Rooms,
Industrial Environments, Test Equipment, Sterile and Medical Environments, Transport (Air,
Rail, Automotive).
1. VKB settings can be changed by Sound:
2. Controllable Virtual Keyboard sound effects (key clicks)
3. Connection: Connection to the appropriate Laptop/PC port
4. Intensity: Intensity of the projected Virtual Keyboard
5. Timeouts: coordinated timeouts to conserve the Virtual Keyboard's battery life
6. Sensitivity: adjustable sensitivity of the Virtual Keyboard
7. Auto-repeat: Allows the VKB to automatically repeat a key based on prescribed parameters.
The Virtual Laser Keyboard (VKB) is the ULTIMATE new gadget for PC users. The
VKB emits laser on to the desk where it looks like the keyboard having QWERTY arrangement
of keys i.e., it uses a laser beam to generate a full-size perfectly operating laser keyboard that
smoothly connects to of PC and Most of the handheld devices (PDA's, tablet PC's). The I-Tech
laser keyboard acts exactly like any other "ordinary" keyboard: A direction technology based on
an optical recognition mechanism enables the user to tap on the projected key images, while
producing real tapping sounds (we call it the WOW effect). It is more compatible and it did not
require any practice to operate but you must have strong fingers to tap. The I-Tech Virtual
Keyboard uses a light projection of a full-sized computer keyboard on almost any surface. Used
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with PDA's and Smart Phones, the Virtual Keyboard provides a practical way to do e-mail, word
processing and spreadsheet tasks, enabling users to leave laptops and computers at home. VKB's
adaptable technology studies the user's finger movements to interpret and record keystrokes.
Because the virtual keyboard is an image projected by light, it disappears completely when not in
use.
Fig2.5: Virtual Keyboard
2.6 Digital Camera:
We had digital camera in the shape of pen .It is useful in video recording, video
conferencing, simply it is called as web cam. It is also connected with other devices through Blue
tooth. The major advantage it is small which is easily portable. It is a 360-Degree Visual
Communication Device. We have seen video phones hundreds of times in movies. However,
why can't we act naturally in front of videophone cameras? Conventional visual communications
at a distance have been limited due to the display devices and terminals. This terminal enables
showing of the surrounding atmosphere and group-to-group communication with a round display
and a central super-wide-angle camera.
A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that encodes digital images and videos
digitally and stores them for later reproduction. Most cameras sold today are digital and digital
cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called
camera phones) to vehicles. Digital and film cameras share an optical system, typically using a
lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphragm and
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shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film but the image pickup
device is electronic rather than chemical. However, unlike film cameras, digital cameras can
display images on a screen immediately after being recorded, and store and delete images from
memory. Many digital cameras can also record moving video with sound. Some digital cameras
can crop and stitch pictures and perform other elementary image editing.
A digital camera is a camera that stores pictures on a memory card instead of film.
Because of this, a digital camera can hold many more pictures than the traditional film camera. A
digital camera can sometimes hold hundreds of pictures. Different size memory cards are sold,
that can hold more or fewer pictures. Most digital cameras can use a USB cable that connects
into a computer to take the pictures that are in the camera and send them to the computer.
Digital photography is a kind of photography where a digital camera is used to take
photos. Digital cameras use an image sensor instead of photographic film, based on chemicals.
Very often, they also use a memory card to store the photos in a digital format. Most
photography is digital, though some photographers still use the old film cameras. The majority of
cameras are part of a mobile phone, called a "camera phone". They can send their pictures to
other phones and other devices. Most camera phones do not make as good pictures as larger
separate cameras do, especially where light is not bright. Most digital cameras can serve as
Video cameras. Some have a direct link to another computer where the data may be stored.
Fig2.6: Digital Camera
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2.7 Battery:
The most important part in the portable type of computer is its battery. Usually
batteries must be small in size and work for longer time. It comes with a battery life of 6+. For
normal use it can be used for 2 weeks. This 'pen sort of instrument' produces both the monitor as
well as the keyboard on any flat surfaces from where you can carry out functions you would
normally do on your desktop computer.
The storage device is of the type tubular holographic which is capable of storing. The use
of lithium ion battery in this gadget will reduce energy density, durability and cost factor.
By making Five Pen PC feasible, it will enable ubiquitous computing therefore it is
easier for people to use. Many applications can be imagined with this new technology. As it
makes use of E-fingerprinting the gadget will be more secure, which allows only owner to
activate the Pc. So even if we loose it, no one else can access the gadget. All PC’s communicate
each other with the help of Bluetooth technology and the entire gadget is connected to internet
(Wi-Fi). This technology is very portable, feasible and efficient. Everybody can use this
technology in very efficient manner. Some prototypes have been already developed in 2003
which are very feasible, but currently unclear. The enhancement in this technology can be
expected in coming years.
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that
convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or
anode, and a negative terminal, or cathode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the
electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.
Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode
materials are irreversibly changed during discharge. Common examples are the alkaline battery
used for flashlights and a multitude of portable devices. Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can
be discharged and recharged multiple times; the original composition of the electrodes can be
restored by reverse current. Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium
ion batteries used for portable electronics.
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Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing
aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power for
telephone exchanges and computer data centers. According to a 2005 estimate, the worldwide
battery industry generates US$48 billion in sales each year with 6% annual growth. Batteries
have much lower specific energy (energy per unit mass) than common fuels such as gasoline.
This is somewhat mitigated by the fact that batteries deliver their energy as electricity (which can
be converted efficiently to mechanical work), whereas using fuels in engines entails a low
efficiency of conversion to work.
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CONCLUSION
The communication devices are becoming smaller and compact. This is only a example for the
start of this new technology. We can expect more such developments in the future, It seems that
information terminals are infinitely getting smaller. However, we will continue to manipulate
them with our hands for now. We have visualized the connection between the latest technology
and the human, in a form of a pen. P-ISM is a gadget package including five functions: a pen-
style cellular phone with a handwriting data input function, virtual keyboard, a very small
projector, camera scanner, and personal ID key with cashless pass function. P-ISMs are
connected with one another through short-range wireless technology. The whole set is also
connected to the Internet through the cellular phone function. This personal gadget in a
minimalistic pen style enables the ultimate ubiquitous computing.
“The design concept uses five different pens to make a computer. One pen is a CPU, another
camera, one creates a virtual keyboard, another projects the visual output and thus the display
and another communicator (a phone). All five pens can rest in a holding block which recharges
the batteries and holds the mass storage. Each pen communicates wireless, possibly Bluetoo
