Vi presenterer en gjennomgang av regelverk for design av maritime arbeidsplasser og betydningen av dette på design av nye digitale grensesnitt. Steven Mallam

1. Bridge Work Enviornment Design and Approval
Steven C. Mallam, PhD
Associate Professor
Faculty of Technology Natural Sciences & Maritime Sciences
University of South-Eastern Norway
steven.mallam@usn.no

2. Today’s Presentation
• Present a review of regulations for the design of maritime workplaces and
the importance of this on the design of new digital interfaces
• Literature search and technical report
– “Assessment of Current Maritime Bridge Design Regulations and
Guidance”
• Completed during 2018
• Deliverable for OpenBridge 1

12. Today’s Presentation
• Present a review of regulations for the design of maritime workplaces and the
importance of this on the design of new digital interfaces
• Literature search and technical report
– “Assessment of Current Maritime Bridge Design Regulations and Guidance”
• Completed during 2018
• Deliverable for OpenBridge 1

13. Problem Statement
1. What design-related regulations and guidelines exist for the design of
digital workplaces that are well-suited for design practitioners?
» Mandatory Regulations
» Recommendations and Guidelines
» Goal-Based Regulations
» Rule-Based (or Prescriptive) Regulations
2. Are relevant regulations and guidelines well adapted to support
design processes seeking to develop digital maritime workplaces?

14. Aims
1. Collect and establish a working database of all design
regulations and guidelines specifically focusing on the bridge
and bridge equipment
2. Subdivide and analyze the identified material to establish the
design support within current regulations and guidelines

15. Systematic Review of Design Regulations and Guidance
• Level 1 Inclusion Criteria:
– Maritime-specific design related regulations and/or guidelines.
– Related to bridge workspace and equipment design and layout.
– Mandatory and Non-mandatory regulations and guidelines.
• Level 2 Inclusion Criteria:
– Documents that are open access and/or available to project.
– Documents which contents appeared to specifically address (i) physical, (ii) application components
and (iii) integration system of the workspace, workstation and interface design of the bridge.

16. Overview of Findings
• The literature search of regulations and guidelines expanded to over 75 documents
• These are documents issued by a range of entities:
– Classification societies
– Professional organizations
– Governing bodies
– Navy’s
– etc.

18. Analysis of Documentation
• Physical Components
– All components that make up the physical workplace.
• Application Components
– UI components and patterns, style, layout and application type and documentation
• Integration System
– The relationship between bridge user interfaces and applications
– Frames how to design user interfaces on a bridge

20. Physical Components

21. Physical Components
Nordby, K., Mallam, S.C. & Lutzhoft, M. (n.d.) Open User Interface Architecture
for Digital Multivendor Ship Bridge Systems. Currently Under Review

22. Application Components

23. Integration Components

24. Findings - Examples
IMO, 2003

25. Findings – Examples – Physical Components
DNV, 2011

26. Findings – Examples – Physical Components
ABS, 2003

27. Findings – Examples – Physical Components
DNV, 2011

28. Findings – Examples – Physical Components
DNV, 2011

29. Findings – Examples – Physical Components
ABS, 2014

30. Findings – Examples – Physical Components
ABS, 2014

31. Findings – Examples – Physical Components
ABS, 2014

32. Findings – Examples – HMI Principles
DNV, 2011

33. Findings – Examples – Arrangement of Information
IMO, 2000

34. Findings – Examples – Arrangement of Controls
IMO, 2000

35. Findings – Examples - RADAR
IMO, 2004

36. Findings – Examples – Information Display
IMO, 2000

37. Findings – Examples – Information Display
IMO, 2000

38. Findings – Examples – Colour Coding
ABS, 2003

39. Findings – Examples - Palettes
ABS, 2003

40. Document Analysis Results and Discussion
• Physical infrastructure
– Most well-developed aspect of bridge design
guidance
• Digital interface design guidance was far
less prevalent
– Relatively shallower content
– More open-ended
• Apple’s iOS and Mac OS
• Google’s Material Design
• Microsoft’ Universal Windows Platform

41. Toggle Button Example
Nordby, K., Mallam, S.C. & Lutzhoft, M. (n.d.) Open User Interface Architecture
for Digital Multivendor Ship Bridge Systems. Currently Under Review

42. Document Analysis Results and Discussion
• HOWEVER:
–Generalized bridge design guidelines/principles can be
useful in transferring to digital interfaces
–Far less explicit guidance is provide for Applications
Components and Integration System Components
• Provides an opportunity to adapt a web/digital design guidance
philosophy for consistency in MBS

43. DNV-GL Input
• Contacted to help review and validate the findings list
• Identify any gaps in the documentation
• Provide insights into HOW the regulations and design guidance was used by
them in practice
– 4 non-sequential main points typically followed to analyze design described

44. Next Steps
–Further analysis of documentation
–Expansion and updating of database
• Continual work
–Utilize knowledge of current gaps to optimize OpenBridge
method

46. Resources & Deliverables
• Technical Report:
– Mallam, S. C. & Nordby, K. (2018). Assessment of Current Maritime Bridge Design
Regulations and Guidance. Report Prepared for the OpenBridge Project: The Oslo School
of Architecture and Design.
• Regulation Database:
– Spreadsheet list
– PDFs
• Related Journal Article:
– Nordby, K., Mallam, S.C. & Lutzhoft, M. (n.d.) Open User Interface Architecture for
Digital Multivendor Ship Bridge Systems. Currently Under Review
• Industry Publication:
– Harmonising maritime workplace design through collaboration, new technologies and open
innovation. The Naval Architect: International Journal of the Royal Institution of Naval
Architects. March 2019 Issue, p.p. 22-24.
• Medium Article:
– “Lack of UX Design Regulations for Ships’Bridges”

47. Bridge Work Enviornment Design and Approval
Steven C. Mallam, PhD
Associate Professor
Faculty of Technology Natural Sciences & Maritime Sciences
University of South-Eastern Norway
steven.mallam@usn.no