Presentation at CCW2013 http://criticalcommunicationsworld.com/

1. CCW 2013
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue
Services
TETRA
Indoor Coverage
Kimmo Markkanen
Director of Risk Management

2. VIRVE Network
• 1.400 base stations and 32.000 subscribers
• Nationwide coverage in operation since 2002
• Operated by State Security Networks ltd.
4 ,5 Million SDS messages/day it is growing
100 000 group calls/day

3. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Tetra (VIRVE) and Rescue Services
• Fire and Rescue Services is one of many users
• Tetra (VIRVE) is part of Command and Control
21st May
2013
3

4. 4
Organisation at Rescue OperationsOrganisation at Rescue Operations
Rescue
Unit
Rescue UnitRescue Unit
(1+3 = 4)(1+3 = 4)
P3
Rescue
Unit
Rescue
Unit
Rescue PlatoonRescue Platoon
(1+3+10 = 14)(1+3+10 = 14)
Government levelGovernment level
Ministry of the Interior
Section 2
chief
Rescue
Unit
Rescue
Unit
Rescue
Unit
Section 3
chief
Rescue
Unit
Rescue
Unit
Rescue
Unit
Länsi-Uusimaa P2
Command Post
(P3 +__ )
Section 4
L4 (med. supervisor)
Ambulance
Ambulance
Ambulance
Rescue CompanyRescue Company
(7+9+33) = 49)(7+9+33) = 49)
(Section 1 chief)
Municipality’s
board
Command Center
(Other Accident Areas ->)(Other Accident Areas ->)
Rescue Service RegionRescue Service Region

5. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Demands for Radio Network
• The network has to be operational all the time
24/7/365
• The coverage should be adequate all the
working area (including indoors)
21st May
2013
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6. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Indoor Coverage
• First the coverage should be assured without active
extra installations
• Secondarily there may be need for active TMO
repeaters or base stations (TBS)
– big building complexes (for example malls)
– underground spaces
21st May
2013
6

7. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Why Active Repeaters?
• Traditionally fire fighters communicated
from terminal to terminal without
connection to base station
– TETRA DMO
• But if we want to have full advantage from
TETRA network, the terminal needs the
base station connection
– TBS
– Fixed repeaters
– DMO Gateway terminals
21st May
2013
7

8. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Rule for VIRVE Indoor Coverage
at New Buildings
• Common rule at Capitol area of Finland (four Fire &
Rescue Departments)
• With collaboration of the network operator State
Security Networks ltd (VIRVE)
21st May
2013
8

9. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Rule for Securing the VIRVE-
services in Buildings
• The State Security Networks rule for planners and
contractors
• Technology and process, when there is need for
built-in active solutions (repeaters)
• http://www.erillisverkot.fi/?lang=en
– http://www.erillisverkot.fi/public/files/Ohje%20-%20V
(only in Finnish)
21st May
2013
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10. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
TMO Repeater or TBS Solution
repeater repeater
aerial
leaky cable
cable
power splitter
cable
power splitter
21st May
2013
10

11. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Active TMO Repeater
Active repeater needs external power (electricity)!
outdoor
antenna
base station
rf-signal
repeater
21st May
2013
11

12. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Passive Repeater
Low-loss
cable
Passive repeater does not need external power. The covered
area is quite small, like small basement or shelter.
outdoor
antenna
base station
rf-signal
indoor
antenna
21st May
2013
12

13. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Three Ways for Indoor Coverage
solution:
1. Authority specification for building license
(new building)
2. Authority specification afterwards (existing
building), Rescue Act
3. Owner specification (user demand, security
level of building)
21st May
2013
13

14. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Rescue Act 109 §: Special requirements
concerning the operability of the public
authority network
“If the operability of the public authority network referred to
in section of the Communications Market Act (393/2003) in a
building or structure with an unusually high risk to the safety
of persons is obstructed as a result of a structural reason
arising from the building or the structure, and if the
operability of the public authority network is not sufficient for
carrying out the rescue operations in an appropriate manner,
regional rescue authorities may order the owner of the
building or structure to purchase the necessary equipment for
ensuring the operability of the public authority network and
to keep the equipment in working order.”
21st May
2013
14

15. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Rescue Act 109 §
• Restriction for human losses and rescue
operations
• Emergency Medical and Police operations?
• Preparedness and alerting (Malls and other
public places)?
21st May
2013
15

16. CCW 2013
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue
Services
The Process

17. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
The Evaluation for Needs
• Planner fills special form with Rescue Authority
(similar as used with Fire Alarm Systems)
• The form will be attached to building license
documents
• The evaluation is needed for
– Major gathering- and business premises
– Underground spaces (not for ordinary basements)
– When there is need for Automatic Fire Extinguishing or
Alarm system
21st May
2013
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18. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
The Evaluation for Needs
• The form is attached to Rescue Services Rule
– Like the documentation of Fire Alarm System
• Probably there is no need for special repeater solution
• If the repeater solution is needed
– National Emergency Supply Agency covers the cost of the repeater
– Owner covers the cost of wiring and other installations (power supply)
– The State Security Networks owns and maintains the repeater
• The State Security Networks ltd trains and maintain the valid
list of planners and contractors trained by them
– actually there is no validation method for the planners and
contractors
21st May
2013
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19. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Procurement of the Repeater
• The State Security Networks ltd. defines the specifications for
the repeater
• The State Security Networks ltd. runs the public tender
process for the repeaters (app. every 3rd
year) and makes
general agreement with distributors
• Other active repeater installations are not allowed in the
VIRVE-network
21st May
2013
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20. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Indoor Coverage
• Entire building (field strength ≥-86 dBm at 90 %
probability)
– Especially covered
• Escape and rescue routes
• Technical rooms for safety and security (i.e. control rooms,
sprinkler centrals)
• Specially defined areas (marked to attached
blueprints)
– User needs i.e. hospitals and security premises
– Underground spaces
21st May
2013
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21. ERVE Oy toimittaa
FICORAlle
Yhteys RV-suunnittelijaan
ja/tai asennusyritykseen.
Työn tilaus.
SUUNNITELMA
Täytetään asennuskansion
suunnitelma- ja taajuus-
lupahakemusosa ja tilataan
lopputarkastus. Dokumentit
toimitetaan ERVE Oy:lle
Taajuuslupa-
hakemus
Sisäverkon asennus
suunnitelman mukaisesti
KÄYTTÖÖNOTTO
-mittaukset
-kuuluvuuden todentaminen
Loput tiedot
asennuskansioon,
joka toimitetaan ERVE Oy:lle
Kiinteistönomistajan
lopputarkastus ja
hyväksyntä
Lopputarkastus
ja hyväksyntä
Kiinteistönomistaja/
rakennuttaja
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Kiinteistönomistaja/
rakennuttaja
Hyväksytty ja
valmis
Ilmoitus viranomaiselle,
mikäli näin vaadittu
ERVE Oy
Kiinteistönomistaja/
rakennuttaja
KYLLÄ
KYLLÄ
EI
EI
Suoritetaan korjaavat toimenpiteet
ERVE Oy toimittaa
FICORAlle
Yhteys RV-suunnittelijaan
ja/tai asennusyritykseen.
Työn tilaus.
SUUNNITELMA
Täytetään asennuskansion
suunnitelma- ja taajuus-
lupahakemusosa ja tilataan
lopputarkastus. Dokumentit
toimitetaan ERVE Oy:lle
Taajuuslupa-
hakemus
Sisäverkon asennus
suunnitelman mukaisesti
KÄYTTÖÖNOTTO
-mittaukset
-kuuluvuuden todentaminen
Loput tiedot
asennuskansioon,
joka toimitetaan ERVE Oy:lle
Kiinteistönomistajan
lopputarkastus ja
hyväksyntä
Lopputarkastus
ja hyväksyntä
Kiinteistönomistaja/
rakennuttaja
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Suunnittelija ja/tai
asennusyritys
Kiinteistönomistaja/
rakennuttaja
Hyväksytty ja
valmis
Ilmoitus viranomaiselle,
mikäli näin vaadittu
ERVE Oy
Kiinteistönomistaja/
rakennuttaja
KYLLÄ
KYLLÄ
EI
EI
Suoritetaan korjaavat toimenpiteet

22. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Approval
• The contractor send the installation folder to the State
Security Networks
• The subscriber makes the visual inspection that all of the
installation are correct
• The contractor or the planner shows for the owner of the
building (subscriber) that the need for indoor coverage is
correctly secured
• After the installations and the needs of coverage seems to be
correct, the subscriber accepts installation and informs the
State Security Networks ltd that the indoor solution is ready
for final inspection
21st May
2013
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23. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Final Inspection
• Is done by the State Security Networks ltd
– The inspection and frequency license are subscribed from the State
Security Networks
– The State Security Networks inspects the installations, rf-details,
network service availability and that the indoor solution does not
make any interference to outside of building or to other installations
• The contractor shows all the installation documents
• In the form is given mark of approval
– The contractor confirms that all the installation has done as planned
and documented
– The State Security Networks ltd has approved the repeater to be
connected to VIRVE-network
21st May
2013
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24. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Initialization
• After the final inspection the State Security Networks
gives the permit to use the repeater
• During the initialization process the repeater is
connected to the monitoring system of the State
Security Networks and the repeater is officially in use
– For the stability of the network and frequency utilization it is necessary, that
the operator controls the active repeaters!
• The State Security Networks informs the subscriber
(owner of building) that the repeater is in use
21st May
2013
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25. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Finally
• The TETRA-technology is not the problem
• What about the conditions that the system
should tolerate
– Buildings and tunnels under construction
– Fire and flooding (how to protect the installations?)
– Lack of electricity (how long the indoor coverage is available without
external power?)
– Building Collapse
– Criminal acts
– Exceptional circumstances
– How does the rescue units know that there is built-in solution?
21st May
2013
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26. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
How to secure the indoor coverage
• Duplicate the system
– Douple repeaters feeding same leaky cable
– Double repeaters, cables and antennas
 RF planning
• Back-up system
– DMO gateways and repeaters
– Fixed or portable telephone lines (field phone)
21st May
2013
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27. Fire in underground worksite 8th December 2012

28. 2821st May 2013
Fire in underground worksite 8th December 2013
Communication solution
DMO
repeater
Field
phone
Command
Post
On-site
commander

29. Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
What about fixed repeaters at
building sites?
Repeter or base station
Directional
antennas
21st May
2013
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30. The Sello Mall Shooting 31.12.2009The Sello Mall Shooting 31.12.2009
30
Picture: Ilta-Sanomat

31. CCW 2013
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitos | Västra Nylands räddningsverk | Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue
Services
Questions and Comments?
kimmo.markkanen@espoo.fi