1. Grid Sentry Confidential 1

2. Distribution Grid
Line Sensor Technology Overview
January 2015
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

3. GS-250 Line Sentry
01/31/17 3
• Self Powered / NO BATTERIES
• Clamps over existing line
• Wireless data transfer DIRECT to back office via
DNP3
• Less than 4 lbs ( 1.8 Kg)
• Wire sizes #6 to 795 MCM
• Current from 10 to 1000 A
• Voltage to 138KV
• Multiple comms options
• Cellular
• WiFi
• Landis+Gyr
• Satellite
• Seimens RuggedCom WiFi/WiMAX
11”
4”
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC
TM

4. GS-250 Line SentryTM
4
Current
Transformer Rogowski Coil
Conductor
Temp Sensor
Closing and Clamping
Wireless Modem
Power and Digital
Electronics
Latch
*Patents Pending
LED
Conductor Clamp
01/31/17 Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

5. Functionality
01/31/17 5
• GS-250 Line SentryTM
– Fully operational 10A to 1000A
– Continuous line current measurement
• Mins/Max at exact time of occurrence
– Outage detection
– Recloser detection and count
– Fault detection & measurement (25KA)
– Conductor temperature measurement
– Harmonics-19th
– Fault waveform capture
– Current direction change detection
– Over the air firmware upgrade
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

6. Communications
01/31/17 6
• CDMA
– Sprint - Strategic partnership
– Verizon - Strategic partnership
• GSM/HSPA+
– AT&T
– T-Mobile
– Bell Canada
– Rogers Canada
– Telus Canada
• Cellular MVNO - Agreements
– KORE Telematics
– Wyless
– Aeris
• WiFi
• Landis+Gyr Gridstream®
• Silver Springs Network
• Cisco FAN
• Sensus Flexnet
Today
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

7. Utility Hosted
Cellular Architecture
01/31/17 7
DNP3
Master & Historian
HMI
Internet
GS-250
VPN
DNP3
TCP/IP
Hardware VPN
Utility
DNP3 over TCP/IP
Physical connection
Logical connection
Cell Tower
SCADA
Verizon
Sprint
AT&T
Customer Selected
Cell Provider
Firewall
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

8. Utility Hosted
WiFi-Cell Gateway Architecture
01/31/17 8
DNP3
Master & Historian
HMI
Internet
VPN
DNP3
TCP/IP
Hardware VPN
Utility
Physical connection
Logical connection
Cell Tower
SCADA
Verizon
Sprint
AT&T
Customer Selected
Cell Provider
Firewall
GS-250
DNP3 over TCP/IP
WiFi to Cell
Gateway
Secure WiFi
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

9. Utility Hosted
WiFi / WiMAX Architecture
01/31/17 9
DNP3
Master & Historian
HMI
Fibre Optic Backhaul
GS-250
Utility
DNP3 over TCP/IP
WiFi to WiMAX
Gateway
Secure WiFi
WiMAX Base Station
SCADA
WiMAX
Switch
DNP3
TCP/IP
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

10. Sensor Data Value Proposition
Creating Economic Value
Improving Customer Satisfaction
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC01/31/17 10

11. Sensor Data Fulfills
Operations and Planning Needs
01/31/17 11
Fault
Detection &
Location
Vegetation
Management
Load
Management
Outage &
Restoration
Detection
Non-technical
Loss Detection
Critical Asset
Protection
Conductor
Temperature
Monitoring
Harmonics
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

12. Fault Detection & Location
• Location identification
– Circuit segment ID
– Fault magnitude
• The sooner the location is determined the sooner the
repair can start
– Sensors can significantly reduce travel time spent locating
fault
– Investment payback less than 3 years for this alone
1201/31/17 Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

13. Fault Waveform Capture
13
• Waveform capture supports fault identification
• COMTRADE and CSV file formats
4 Before 8 After
01/31/17 Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

14. Fault Detector
• 3 types available. Very configurable (over the air)
– di/dt
• Sudden rise followed by sudden drop
– Hard limit
• Fixed threshold
• Must exceed for set number of continuous cycles
– Adaptive limit
• Like hard limit only limit value moves based on recent average
times a factor (e.g., Avg of 20A x 5 = limit of 100A)
1401/31/17 Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

15. Fault Detector – The Details
15
di% Increase
di fixed Increase
01/31/17 Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

16. Outage & Restoration
Identification
01/31/17 16
Faults
Monday, 29th
, 12:00 pm
Outage Start: 10/29 at 18:21:12
Restoration detected: 10/31 at 16:31:52
• Actual data from sensor during Superstorm Sandy.
• Sensor immediately reported when power was restored days later
Amps
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

17. Critical Asset Protection
01/31/17 17
• Continuously monitor load, faults and recloser actions
• Respond to anomalous situations to minimize wear
and damage of system components
Substation
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

18. Benefits and Cost
• Prevent overloads
• Intelligently switch loads between circuits
• Information to protect transformers and
ancillary equipment
– Transformer replacement $250k to $750k
• Cost per sub-station: $10,500
• Yearly Communications cost: $63 (U.S.
cellular)
01/31/17 18Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

19. Conductor Temperature
for Dynamic Line Rating
01/31/17 19
• DLR Objective : Maximize current carrying capability (ampacity) without:
• Exceeding Maximum Operating Temperature (MOT) of conductor
• Exceeding sag limits
• Sensor’s conductor temperature and current allows operators and
planners to know exactly what to do as currents encroach ampacity limits:
• Safely allow more load
• Transfer load safely
• Determine if and when to reconductor
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

20. Harmonics
• Measures current odd
harmonics up to 19th
component
• Measures current
fundamental frequency
• Computes THD
• Gives visibility to how
much system is being
stressed
– Nonlinear loads expected to
increase in future
01/31/17 20Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

21. Load Management
• Ensure phases are better balanced from live, continuous data
• Support Demand/Response systems
• Accurate load history for planning support
01/31/17 21
Imbalance = 0.25
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

22. Non-technical Loss Detection
• Approach: Line sensors that accurately measure current and
placed at strategic locations can be combined with “analytics”
(models and tools) and AMI to detect losses
• Further investigation of losses would lead to identification
and localization of:
– Technical losses which may require maintenance
– GIS errors
– Non-technical losses to meter level
• Benefits
– Prevents revenue loss for the utility
– Pinpointed accuracy down to meter level
01/31/17 22Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

23. Vegetation Management
• Typical vegetation management performed
based only on schedules (non-optimal)
• More cost effective and proactive approach:
combine wind data with sensor fault event
detection to detect presence of overgrowth
– “Condition based” vegetation management
01/31/17 23Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

24. Vegetation Management
01/31/17 24
Fault Events
Monday, 29th
, 12:00 pm
Outage
• Extreme use case: Data from GS sensors during Superstorm Sandy
reported many faults prior to outages. Faults and outages most likely
caused by wind blown tree limbs
Amps
LineCurrent
Day
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

25. Solutions
• Direct connect to utility’s existing software
– Sensor to back office via DNP3
– Leverages utility’s existing IT and software investment and
capabilities
• Offsite hosted with web interface
– No IT to worry about
– Reliable data storage
– Capable of more analytics with a GIS data
2501/31/17 Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

26. Grid Sentry Web Interface
01/31/17 26Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

27. Grid Sentry Web Interface
01/31/17 27
Line Temperature
Line Current
Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

28. Summary
• Distribution line sensors give visibility into the grid,
providing many benefits for utilities and customers
– Reduced operating costs
– Reduced “-AIDIs”, “-AIFIs”
– Non-technical loss removal
– Improved efficiency (less stress to the system)
– Easier, more efficient and accurate planning
• Solutions:
– Sensor direct to existing utility back office applications
– Complete offsite solution with web-based interface
2801/31/17 Grid Sentry Confidential and Proprietary Information © 2015 Grid Sentry, LLC

29. Grid Sentry Confidential 29