12-13 May 2016 - India's Policy Dialogue International Workshop on Extended Producer Responsibility in India: Opportunities, Challenges and Lessons from International Experience, New Delhi, India.

1. SESSION ON :
Opportunities for expanding EPR :
End of Life Vehicles (ELVs)
Date : 13th May 2016
Venue : India Habitat Centre , New Delhi
Presentation by
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
Ministry of EF&CC

2. ELV definition no more debatable :
Age Vs ROAD WORTHINESS (CMVR ‘fitness certificate’ )
Genesis :
•Deteriorating ambient air quality particularly in cities held the
TRANSPORTATION SECTOR responsible (traffic statistics directly proportional
to population) ;
•Under the transportation sector DIESEL fuelled vehicles were targeted
mainly due to particulate matter (PM) emissions ;
•Under the Diesel vehicles the OLD diesel vehicles were targeted : this
highlighted the growing ELVs population and the need to abate emissions
from OLD vehicles (a) installation of emission control devices like filters and
catalysts (b) retrofitting options (c) ELVs - banning / phasing out (old) diesel
vehicles (ELVs)
•Hon’ble NGT (Vardaman Kaushik Vs UoI year 2014) banned old diesel vehicles
i.e. ELVs ( age 10 / 15 years (define ‘obsolescence’ )
•Need for assessment of ELV Sector
CPCB’s joint study with GIZ : “Analysis of ELV sector in INDIA “

3. ELVs : floods /accident /
arson/ dumped
(deserted / unclaimed)

5. Story of a Dying Car in India –
Understanding the Economic and Materials Flow of End-of-Live Vehicles (2012)
Main towns .
cities
Locations
Delhi
Mayapuri
Gokul Puri
Jama Masjid
Abul Fazal
Punjabi Bagh
Karam Pura
Karol Bagh
Gehvra Mor
Meerut
Chatriwala
Peer
Soti Ganj
Kolkata Phool Bagan
Nazibabad Kabari bazaar
Moradabad
Landgey ki
Puliya
Nawabpura
Karaula
Transport
Nagar
Manesar -
Lucknow -

6. Background
data on five
major hubs :
Chennai,
Pune,
Jamshedpur,
Kolkata,
Indore

7. CPCB’s initiatives on ELVs
• Reports are the background of this presentation
a) Analysis of ELV sector in INDIA
(Background data on five major hubs :
Chennai, Pune, Jamshedpur, Kolkata, Indore besides
earlier ELV studies for Delhi , Western UP and Kolkata)
b) Guidelines for Environmentally Sound
Management (ESM) of ELVs in INDIA
• Displayed in public domain to invite feedback

8. OPPORTUNITY #2 : The recycling of
vehicles provides an important
OPPORTUNITY for transforming resource
use.
OPPORTUNITY #3 :
Automobiles that are no longer ‘fit’ for
transportation purposes , referred to as
ELVs - serve as a resource sink = secondary
resources. The ELVs contain large quantities
of metal and other materials that, if
salvaged or recycled rightly , can be once
again fed into the economy.
Type of
vehicle
ELVs in 2015 ELVs in 2025
Two Wheelers 72,89, 442 1,77,23,951
Three Wheelers 2,62,439 7,57,932
Private Cars/SUVs 7,21,558 28,09,966
Commercial
passenger Vehicles
46,522 94,757
Commercial goods
vehicles
4,11,230 11,88,833
Total ELVs approx. 87,31,185 2,18,95,439
OPPORTUNITY #1.:Table : Estimation of ELV generation in India
Opportunities for expanding EPR : End of Life Vehicles (ELVs)
OPPORTUNITIES for market / business proposition in India
EXISTING POTENTIAL FOR RECYCLING
A typical passenger car consists of
about 70% steel and iron by
weight. and 7-8% aluminium
The rest 20-25% is plastic, rubber,
glass etc., which are also
recyclable.
(Sakai et al., 2013).
In India, vehicles have much
potential for re-use –up to
70% of a vehicle are
dismantled and directly re-
used or sold to other
manufacturers (CPCB ,. 2015).
OPPORTUNITY #4 : ELVs have HW ( The Waste Rules under E (P) 1986 recognizes the market
for reuse / recycling HW , the need for REVISION within FIVE years in year 2016 of WASTE
Rules highlights the importance of ESM of waste as a business proposition)

9. OPPORTUNITIES for market / business proposition in India (contd.)
• OPPORTUNITY #5:
ELV Model facility by the manufacturers National Automotive Testing and R&D
Infrastructure Project (NATRIP)) has been established in Chennai. It provides a
benchmark for infrastructure requirements for automobile recycling operations. (such
facilities needs to be integrated with the existing semi-formal ELV sector activities so
that jobs are not lost)
• OPPORTUNITY #6 : SPCBs initiatives : TN & Karnataka : recognised under consent
regime + Entrepreneurs are ready to make it a business model provided ...
• OPPORTUNITY #7 : Environmentally Sound Management (ESM) of ELVs : Insight into
internationally renowned procedures and technologies for ESM of ELVs available
• OPPORTUNITY #8: Sectoral study / Guidelines / Standard
a) An assessment on ELVs - ELV Sector analysis in India
b) Guidelines : Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of ELVs in INDIA
(also Policy Framework given )
c) Standards AIS 129
(Dept of Heavy Industries under Ministry of Heavy Industry & Public Enterprises &
ARAI , SIAM :)
AIS 129 : Indian automotive industry has set up voluntary Automotive Industry
Standards (AIS 129) for ELVs (AIS Committee 2015) at authorised centres.

10. Challenges : Present scenario
Point Source Vs Non-point Source
Point Source
(NEW vehicles )
Non point source
(ELVs)
Generation of
NEW vehicles
(automobile
manufacturers
– PRODUCERS)
GENERATORs : Process of ELV declaration & de-registration of
vehicle & maintenance of records in public domain at various
RTOs
TYPES of ELVs : range from light to heavy vehicles
Processing of ELVs :
Generation ,
Collection ,
handling &
transportation
De-pollution
‘tiered’ dismantling , shredding
material recovery of ELVs (segregation)
Managing Non point pollution has always been a MAJOR Challenge
EPR / SR : is an option for Mgmt of ELVs

11. Stakeholders
• Government ( inter ministerial collaboration)
• Automobile manufacturers - PRODUCERS
• Dealers /intermediaries
• Other Players also involved in : Collection ,
handling & transportation, De-pollution ,
dismantling , shredding , material recovery
(semi formal sector)
• Recyclers
• Insurers and
• CONSUMERS - END USERS

12. RESPONSIBILITIES – Stakeholders
• The activities associated along the ELV value
chain needs the support of all stakeholders
• To optimize the various processes in ELV
management there is a need to clearly
understand and define the involvement /
responsibilities of the stakeholders.

13. AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS
• The most knowledgeable stakeholder in the entire life
cycle of a vehicle is the AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURER.
• Vehicle manufacturers play a key role as their decisions
often directly affects the recyclability of their products i.e.
through the choice of material, car design , fuel choice
(hybrid , dual fuel , electric ) and other aspects.
• Furthermore, they are often larger, better connected and
endowed with more resources than independent recycling
facilities, thus they have a better advantage to operate ELV
management in an effective manner.

15. RESPONSIBILITIES – Stakeholders
Automobile manufacturers - PRODUCERS
TYPES of PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITIES (PRs)
• Extended PRODUCER Responsibility (EPR) : makes the manufacturer or importer of the
product responsible for the entire life cycle of the product i.e. ELV. This responsibility starts
at the design stage of the vehicle. The producer’s responsibility for a product is hence
extended beyond the ‘manufacturing’ to the ‘post-consumer stage’ of a product’s life
cycle (OECD 2001).
• ‘Individual PRODUCER responsibility’(IPR) means that the producer (manufacturer or
importer) takes responsibility individually for its own products throughout the entire life
cycle including the collection and ‘end-of-life management’ through ‘take back’ or any
other system.
• ‘Collective PRODUCER Responsibility’ (CPR) is when a number of producers,
manufacturers, importers and other stakeholders come together as a consortium or
establish an organisation to take collective responsibility for the end-of-life management
of products manufactured or imported. Such organisations are often called the ‘Producer
Responsibility Organisation (PRO)’. They function on behalf of producers and are
responsible for collection and channelization of end-of-life products for environmentally
sound recycling (Lindhqvist 2000; OECD 2001).

16. “ SHARED RESPONSIBILITY “
In order to provide a practical operational system
for dealing with the ELVs in India a system for
Shared Responsibility has been proposed in the
Guidelines.
Ref.: Guidelines for Environmentally Sound
Management (ESM) of ELVs in INDIA (CPCB)

17. Shared Responsibility (SR)
Major challenge : ELV recycling requires massive
infrastructure and capital investment
This would require various parties taking part in a
‘SHARED RESPONSIBILITY’ Scheme, including automobile
manufacturers, government agencies and vehicle owners.
Replicating National Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure
Project (NATRIP) facility is one such path: GoI proposes to set up
similar facilities (MoHI & MoRTH).
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) would have to be
embedded within a Shared Responsibility Framework.
This would enable the development of controlled channels
for the flow of materials , infrastructure and capital to
handle the ELVs.

18. ELVs : Overview of Policies & Regulations
China USA India
ELV LAW
ELV Recycling
Regulation 2001 ELV
Recycling Technology
Policy, 2006
NO ELV LAW
Environment Laws
RCRA
Clean Air Act, etc. &
Market Mechanisms
NO ELV LAW
Environmental Laws
Hazardous Waste Rules
2008, Batteries Rules 2001,
E-waste Rules 2011
EU Japan Korea
ELV LAW
EU Directive 2000/53/EC
on ELV Sep 2000
Revised I 2005LAW
ELV LAW
ELV Recycling Rules
2002 enforced 2005
ELV LAW
Resource Recycling of EEE
& ELV 2005 in enforce form
2008

19. ELVs : Overview Recycling Responsibility
EU Japan Korea
EPR
Producer responsible for
free take back & to incur
recycling cost
Sustainable Recycling
Society under 3R
Shared responsibility
owner, manufacturer
Collector & recycler
EPR
Automobile
Manufacturers /
importers
responsible for
recycling
China USA India
Traded as valuable secondary
resource
No regulations traded as
valuable secondary
resource
Market driven
No regulation
Economics of recycling
& employment in
informal sector for
urban poor

20. ELV activities
• ELV collection & Handling, storage
and transportation, Dismantling and
segregation
• Environmentally sound de-pollution,
dismantling, shredding, material
recovery and disposal
• Shredding & Processing Residues
• De-pollution - The processes involved
to make the ELV free from hazardous
substances so that further processing
becomes safe.
• Set Targets : reuse / recycle
• Training skills : manpower
development
Hazardous
substances (solids)
Hazardous
substances (fluids)
Lead acid batteries
Air filter
Oil filter
Hot tank solutions
Mercury switch
Brake shoe clutch
plates/discs (asbestos)
Rubber parts
Glass parts
Electronic parts
Refrigerant gases
Airbags
Catalyst
Waste oils
Brake fluids & cleaners
Fuel and fuel filters
Reduce the overall environmental footprint of the product ( automobile) by
reducing the use of toxic and hazardous substances;

21. Challenges : Has India’s market for ‘Mgmt. of ELVs’ matured ?
1. All ‘WASTE Mgmt.’ Rules under E (P) Act 1986 underwent
several hurdles : ‘public awareness’ was a key factor
2. SPCBs have recognized players in WASTE mgmt (listing
recyclable HW, registration of HW recyclers , installation of
TSDFs) under Consent regime (Water Act & Air Act ) : ELVs
related activities can be brought under WASTES Mgmt under
‘ORANGE’ category ( garage / service stations ) as observed in
TN & Karnataka.
3. In-situ ELVs handling within cities: SERVICE STATIONS
4. De-registration of vehicles under CMVR – clarification needed
to encourage entrepreneurship investment
5. Public awareness : Print media / website : Central & State
Govt, Associations (ex SIAM) , MSMEs

22. ELVs Management & Training Skills
Manual interventions – OUT, Mechanisation –
IN
The most knowledgeable stakeholder in the entire life cycle of a vehicle is the
AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURER.

23. Challenges : Has India’s market for ‘Mgmt. of ELVs’ matured ?
Contd.
7. Opportunities for training SKILLS in ELV dismantling & metal
recovery: PRODUCERS
8. International ESM experiences (US, EU, Japan, Korea ) : ESMs
also took more than a decade to come to some semblance of
‘organized approach ‘ to ELV management. - Global ESM may
be a gateway , however for a vast country like India the direct
adoption of ESM PRACTICES have to be economically
sustainable , the necessary work ENVIRONMENT created , phase
wise approach desirable ( this has been the approach AFP ,
AVFP )
9. ? Financial mechanisms and way forward for the ELV activities
listed in previous slide needs Inter-ministerial deliberations

24. A CPCB presentation
THANK YOU