Community participation is about ensuring meaningful engagement with our communities. For Watershed development promotion to work well, it must be carried out by and with people, not on or to people. This means that at all stages of the Watershed development intervention, communities are involved with and retain ownership of any Watershed development action.

1. Participatory Approach
of the Development
By; kecha Taye (Msc)

2. Contents
Part;
1. participatory approach of
Watershed Mgt
2. Public consultation and
Stakeholder engagement
3. GRM

3. What is meant by community
participation?
Community participation is about ensuring
meaningful engagement with our communities.
For Watershed development promotion to
work well, it must be carried out by and with
people, not on or to people.
This means that at all stages of the
Watershed development intervention,
communities are involved with and retain
ownership of any Watershed development
action.

5. 5
Public involvement

6. Purpose of PP
 The purpose of PP can be achieved through the active involvement of
people, the empowerment of people to take informed decisions and act
accordingly and through ensuring people’s ownership of the process by using
local material and skills.
 Watershed management is not a project, but instead a sustainable process of
socio-economic development of communities. If sustainable, it has to have a
source of energy within itself. The most important element of this process is
the people involved.
 People’s power is the most decisive power in the process. Also crucial is the
information available to people and the ability of people to analyse this
information and act accordingly.
 This ability should not be underestimated; after all they have survived for years.
In simple words, often it is the case that a person has a talent he himself has
not discovered yet. For example, a specific person is a fantastic artist,
however, he himself does not know about it until someone else introduces him
to the artist within.

7. Mapping and sketching the
Resource

8. Cont…

9. Cont…
 Situation Analysis
 Participatory situation analysis includes the active
involvement of villagers (men and women of all
ages and social classes) in assessing/identifying
their resources with regard to their availability
utilisation as well as problems and opportunities for
development.
 The project staff/facilitatory mainly fulfil the role of
facilitation during this process.

10. Cont…
 Why Situation Analysis?
Situation analysis is used to generate consciousness for
development amongst the participating villagers. In order to achieve
this aim facilitators have to take responsibility of the following:
o Easily handle, identify and Explores their needs;
o introduce the contents of every session;
o identify possible solutions to meet those needs;
o use visual aids to motivate the participants;
o give equal opportunity to each participant to voice their views;
o guide the participants with relevant questions in order to analyse the situation systematically;
o ensure the participation of all groups (men and women) in the process;
o create awareness on the importance of natural resource conservation and Land Use Planning as a tool for
sustainable natural resource management;
o promote self-help spirit as a means to development;
o empower the villagers to address their problems and to find their own solutions;
o involve the majority of village dweller in decision making process;
o Develop, implement, and evaluate a plan of action.

11. Cont…
GO !!!
To the People; Live among them;
Love them;
Learn from them; Start from where
they are;
Work with them; Build on what
they have. But of the best leaders,
When the task is accomplished,
The work completed,
The people all remark:
"We have done it ourselves"

12. Brainstorm ???
What are the
characteristics
features of rural areas
of Ethiopia?

13. Typology of participation in decision-making
Characteristic features
Form/level of participation
 Nominal
participation
 Passive
participation
 Individual is a member of a
group or community but
takes no part in decision-
making
 Individual is informed of
decisions ex-post facto;
attends meetings and listens
to decision-making without
speaking up

14. Typology of participation in decision-making
Characteristic features
Form/level of participation
 Consultative
participation
 Activity-specific
participation
 Individual is asked for
opinions on specific matters,
without a guarantee that such
opinions will influence
decisions
 Individual is asked (or
volunteers) to undertake
specific tasks in the
decision-making process

15. Typology of participation in decision-making
Characteristic features
Form/level of participation
 Active (collaborative)
participation
 Interactive (empowering)
participation
 Individual expresses
opinions, solicited or
not, or takes other
kinds of initiative
 Individual has a voice
and influences
decisions

16. Part 2;
Public Consultation
and Stakeholder
Engagement

17. Who is the public?
 The public, often referred to as stakeholders, are individuals
and organizations that are affected directly or indirectly by a
project or a decision, as well as those who have the ability to
influence the decision, both positively and negatively. They
can also be people who simply have an interest in the project.
• Who is affected by this decision? – For example, the local
community, neighbors, landowners, local businesses.
• Who may have influence on the decision? – For example,
the Centre and local government departments, religious
leaders, politicians.
• Who knows about the subject? – for example, the
academic community, NGOs
• Who has an interest in the subject? – For example,
community groups, groups with special interests.

18. Cont…
 Public consultation is a process that involves the public in providing their
views and feedback on a proposal to consider in the decision-making.
 Public consultation is a means to improve democratic governance by helping
governments consult their citizen on the key public policy or development
issues with the government
 Underpinning effective consultation are two key assumptions.
 Firstly, that the public are perfectly capable of making sense of complex
issues with the projects.
 Secondly, those decision-makers are not necessarily experts on the issues
for which they are deciding or debating. Evidence suggests that this holds
true for the vast majority of cases.
 Today, the terms Public Consultation and Stakeholder Engagement are
emerging as inclusive and continuous dialogue between a contractors, gov’t (or
decision-maker) and the public (or stakeholders) that encompasses a range of
activities and approaches and spans the entire life of the project.

19. Stakeholder Engagement
 Stakeholder; includes an individual or group that has an
interest in the outcome of the project or program or
developments likely to be affected by it, such as local
communities, civil society organizations, and private
sector entities, comprising women, men, girls and
youths.
 Stakeholder engagement is the systematic identification,
analysis, planning and implementation of actions
designed to influence stakeholders.
 A stakeholder engagement is a strategy to identifies the
needs of key groups and clearly indicate the way for donor
to plays a vital role in ensuring its objectives and goals are
met.

20. Cont…

21. The value add from applying SE
SAFETY
INCLUSIVITY
ACCOUNTABILITY • Stakeholder and Community
Engagement
• Gender Inclusion
• Cultural inclusion
• Disability Inclusion
Safety
Account
ability
Inclusivi
ty
• Social safety
• Environmental safety
• Economical safety

22. Stakeholder analysis
Stakeholder analyses help to identify the perceptions, interests, needs, and influence of
actors on the project. stakeholder classifies in two broad categories: “Project-affected
parties” (PAPs) and “other interested parties”
 Affected Parties – persons, groups and other entities within the Project Area of
Influence (PAI) that are directly influenced (actually or potentially) by the project
and/or have been identified as most susceptible to change associated with the project,
and who need to be closely engaged in identifying impacts and their significance, as
well as in decision-making on mitigation and management measures;
 Other Interested Parties – individuals/groups/entities that may not experience
direct impacts from the Project but who consider or perceive their interests as being
affected by the project and/or who could affect the project and the process of its
implementation in some way; and
 Vulnerable Groups – persons who may be disproportionately impacted or further
disadvantaged by the project(s) as compared with any other groups due to their
vulnerable status , and that may require special engagement efforts to ensure their
equal representation in the consultation and decision-making process associated with
the project.

23. Brainstorm;
What is the Participatory
Watershed Management?
How you public consult
and Stakeholder engage?

24. Clue;
PWM is an enabling environment where
stakeholders can exercise their shared
decision making powers to manage the
watershed without disturbing the current, and
compromising the future generation’s
ecosystem service (Sustainability).
Therefore, PWM is one of natural resource
management modality where government and
communities agree to share roles,
responsibilities and benefits that the resource
can generate.

25. Part 3;
Grievance Redness
Mechanism

26. What is Conflict…?
 Conflict is a form of competitive behaviour between people or groups when
two or more people compete over perceived opposition of needs, values, and
interests. or actual incompatible goals or limited resources. It can be internal
(within oneself) or external (between two or more individuals).
 A social conflict exists when two or more persons or groups manifest the belief
that they have incompatible objectives.
 Conflict is an outgrowth of the diversity that characterises our thoughts, our
attitudes, our beliefs, our perceptions, and our social systems and structures. It
is as much a part of our existence as is evolution.
 Can help explain many aspects of social life, such as social disagreement,
conflicts of interests, and fights between individuals, groups or organizations.

27. Nature of confict
Man
made
event
Within
himself
Nature
Within
each other
With
climate

28. Cont…
With itself With man-made
With CC
With each other With Nature

29. Cause of Conflict

30. Grievance Redness Mechanism
 A complaint is a statement (verbal or written) or expression of displeasure that
an impact or effect arising from a sub-project is unsatisfactory or
unacceptable to the complainant.
 The purposes of this complaint is a concern about a minor impact or effect that
is short term, low in risk, often temporary, that typically does not require an
investigation but does require a specific response to remove or remediate the
unsatisfactory or unacceptable impact or effect.
 Unresolved complaints may become grievances if not dealt with appropriately
and within a short (typically 2 days but a maximum of 14 days) timeframe.
 A grievance is a statement about an action, impact or effect arising from a sub-
project that adversely affect the rights, health and/or well-being of an affected
person or people to the extent that it forms legitimate grounds for grievance and
if upheld, may result in compensation, legal action or a change to the sub-
project in order to resolve the grievance

31. Grievance Mechanism
The project’s Kebele-level implemented were developed through a bottom-up
participatory planning. This ensures that the planned activities are valued by the
beneficiary communities.
The physical interventions are all of low or no environmental or social impact and
additionally are subject to the project’s environmental screening and management
process. This should ensure that they will have no negative consequences.
Nevertheless, problems may arise during project implementation.
For example:
 Lack of communications or information.
 Payments not satisfy/enough
 Actions of construction contractors.
 Unforeseen impacts of the project on land and/or natural resources.

32. Cont…
 The GRM should be culturally appropriate and, as far as possible,
dependable with existing mechanisms both at community level and in
the administrative system/contractors.
 The project will establish a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for
the objectives of;
o To provide project-affected peoples (PAPs) with easily accessible
procedures for settlement of complaints.
o To provide a reliable way for the project to address and resolve
disputes.
o To identify acceptable corrective actions for grievances.
o To contribute to building trust between the project, PAPs and other
stakeholders.
o To avoid illegal proceedings.

33. Cont…
The principles on which the GRM is based
are that it is:
Easily accessible.
Transparent (but allows for confidentiality if
appropriate).
Fair.
 Effective.
Simple to establish and implement

34. GRM Process
 The GRM process is as follows:
I. At community level any person who has complaints regarding the
Project activities can raise these issues with the Kebele-level contact
point (Focal Person (FP), normally the Kebele manager). All
received complaints and responses will be documented and copies
sent to the Kebele administration and Woreda FP.
II. If the issue cannot be resolved by informal discussion between the
project and the complainant, the complaint can be brought to the
Kebele Development Committee (KDC). The complaint and
decisions made will be documented and copies sent to the Kebele
administration and Woreda FP.
III. Complaints unresolved at Kebele level will be brought to the
Woreda Pastoral Development Office for review, before being sent
to the Woreda steering committee for investigation and decision.

35. Level of GRM Appeal
Level 2:
Kebele
Development
Committee
Level 4:
Further
Options
Level 3:
Woreda
GRM Appeal to the higher officials
High
Grievance
Register

36. Inspiration….
Why people are complain the
development in your area?

37. Cont…
The grievance resolution process includes four key stages –
(i) Receive; Relevant personnel in each project site (SC and Contractor) will be
required to accept formal grievances and ensure avenues for lodging grievances are
accessible to the public and affected persons. Avenues will include: face to face with the
contractor, government representative or community representative, by telephone or in
writing to the above or via email.
(ii) Investigate/Enquire; information may be gathered from any other
sources in order to more clearly describe the cause and effects of grievance, its level of
urgency or severity and nd its relationship to subproject. Investigations may include site
visits and meetings to determine: the scale and impact of the grievance and what options
there may be for appropriate responses or resolutions.
(iii) Respond and Resolve; The response should communicate findings of
the investigation and resolution, and seek approval from the Complainant. If the
Complainant is satisfied with the outcome then the grievance is closed out and they
provide their signature (or fingerprint) on the agreement as confirmation
(iv) Follow up/Close Out; A grievance is closed out when no further action
can be or needs to be taken. All grievances should be closed out within the initial 30 days
or as soon as possible thereafter and after all reasonable attempts to resolve the grievance
have been attempted.

38. Cont…
Grievance
resolution
process
Receive
Investigat
e/Enquire
Respond and
Resolve
Follow up/Close
Out.
1. Solved
2. Unsolved
3. Uncontrolled

39. THANK YOU FOR TODAY

40. Thank for your attention!!!