The document provides a 5-step process for turning invention ideas into products: 1. Document the invention idea and how it works. 2. Research the invention from a legal and business perspective, including initial patent searches and market research. 3. Create a prototype to demonstrate the invention. 4. File for the appropriate patent. 5. Develop a business plan and strategy to market the patented invention.

1. SMEs and Established Decision
Prof. (Dr.) Kao Kveng Hong
Ph.D., D.Litt., D.Sc.
Chapter 9

2. Overview Topic
• Product of Our Enterprises we should do ?
• A simple Research to Start up enterprises
• Step to start the Enterprises

3. 5 Steps for Turning Your Invention Ideas Into a Product
Step 1: Document It
• Write down everything you can think of that relates to your invention, from
what it is and how it works to how you'll make and market it.
• Step 2: Research It
You will need to research your idea from a legal and business standpoint. Before
you file a patent, you should:
• Complete an initial patent search.
• Research your market.
Step 3: Make a Prototype
• A prototype is a model of your invention that puts into practice all of the
things you have written in your inventor's journal. Here are some general
rules of thumb when prototyping your invention:
• 1. Begin with a drawing. Before you begin the prototyping phase, sketch out
all of your ideas into your inventor's journal.
• 2. Create a concept mockup out of any material that will allow you to create a
3-D model of your design.
• 3. Once you're satisfied with the mockup, create a full-working model of your
idea.

4. Step 4: File a Patent
• There are two main patents you will have to choose from: a utility patent
(for new processes or machines) or a design patent (for manufacturing
new, nonobvious ornamental designs).
• 1. Do your homework. Have your inventor's journal, prototype and notes
with you.
• 2. Make sure they are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
• 3. Ask them what their technical background is. If your invention is
electronic, find a patent professional who is also an electrical engineer.
• 4. Discuss fees. Keep your focus on smaller patent firms.
Step 5: Market Your Invention
• Now it's time to figure out how you're going to bring your product to
market. Create a business plan:
5Steps (Con’t)

5. PROBING FOR CANDLES
1st Step: Where can candles be used?
At home (house)
Outdoors
During vacations
At restaurants
Worship place (church, temples)
Vigils
Rally/concerts (gimmick)
ACTUAL PROBING WORKSHEET

6. Let’s select: Home and outdoors
2nd Step: Where there?
Dining room Campsites
Living room (sala) Picnic area
Bedroom Rally/festival
Garden Pyro display
Bathroom (fireworks)
Kitchen
AT HOME OUTDOORS

7. Select further: Dining and picnic area
3rd Step: With whom?
Family Family
Friends (Peers) Friends/Date
Business associates Business Associates
Date Club members
Church household Charity event
DINING ROOM PICNIC AREA

8. Dining with family + Picnic with Friends
4th step, ask:
Based on the occasions mentioned in Step 4, 5th Step:
What do the users hope to create other than light?
Holidays – festive (make happy) atmosphere
Date – a romantic ambiance
Family gathering – relaxed environment
Picnic – to drive away insects
FAMILY FRIENDS/DATE
Birthdays
Anniversaries
Holidays
Graduations
Reconciliations
First dinner (to impress)
Subsequent dinner (one more)
Valentine’s Day
Welcome back

9. PROBING = ACTUAL PRODUCT
FESTIVE CANDLES (HAPPY)
• TAN/BROWN AND ORANGE CANDLES
WITH SCENTS OF CINNAMON
• STRIPED RED AND WHITE OR GREEN
CANDLES WITH SCENTS OF MINT
ROMANTIC CANDLES (CHARMING)
• TALL, FLUTED, TAPERED CANDLES WITH EXOTIC COLOR FOR
FIRST DATE
• FLOATING AROMATIC CANDLES TO ENHANCE MOOD
• RED SPIRALED CANDLES WITH SCENTS OF ROSE FOR
VALENTINES
OUTDOOR CANDLES (NO HASSLE)
• LARGE AND LONG-LASTING CANDLES INFUSED
WITH CITRONELLA AS REPELLANT
• CANDLES IN WINDPROOF CONTAINERS OR LANTERNS

10. Pam – Ice Mixx
• Pam wanted an American brand but
decided to build her own “Ice Mixx” and
made it one of the most affordable but
tastiest soft serve ice creams.
• Started her own ice cream business for less
than $1,162 and sold it for $0.09 a cone
when others were selling at $0.23-0.28.
• Got her first million in first year of
operation with 8 to 9 branches.

11. Example - King Kebabs
Counting involved defining the
Demographics, understanding the
Psychographic and finding the Geographic
Demographics – WHO is the market? Markets are
busy professionals who want sandwiches not rice
meals. Chose CALL CENTER AGENTS.
Psychographics – WHY the market buys? Call center
agents normally no time to get out of office to eat.
Opportunity to offer delivery service for hot
meals/filling snacks.
Geographic – WHERE is the market? Chose the end
of Emerald Avenue In Ortigas Center. Place is
rentable + available + affordable.

12. Example: Red Panda Express Count
DATE TRAFFIC COUNT
July 9 1776
July 10 1070
July 11 1173
July 12 1419
July 13 2401
Average 1567 pax
TYPE %
WORKING CLASS 40-50%
BUDGET CROWD 30-40%
UPPER/MIDDLE CLASS 10%

13. Traffic count of sandwich shop at Glorietta
BREAK
Day Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
11:00 AM 12 14 9 7
12:00 PM 14 9 18 22
1:00 PM 32 37 20 41
2:00 PM 18 34 21 21
3:00 PM 15 28 32 35
4:00 PM 25 17 25 21
5:00 PM 30 18 24 30
6:00 PM 35 30 41 32
7:00 PM 34 43 35 15
8:00 PM 9 16 18 9
TOTAL 224 246 243 233

14. James Chua
• Knowing nothing on baking when he started
Foodman Industries Corp., James studied it at
the Philippine Institute of Baking.
• In 1982 with $1,465 as capital, a borrowed car
as delivery van, their guestroom as warehouse,
back lawn as oven area, front lawn as living
quarters for workers, Foodman started to grow.
• From just one outlet, it grew to 15 outlets with
snack bar today. It also resulted to a noodle
factory, a supermarket, a department store, and
an ice cream company.

15. James Chua – Foodman Industries Inc.

16. Example 1: High-end dresses ($58 - $93 per
piece)
I – quality textile materials from US/Hongkong
P – fashionable, up-to-date design every 2 weeks
(she designs) + subcontracted cutter/sewers +
consignment arrangement with shops
O – limited designer dresses (slim fashionistas)
Example 2: Day/Casual RTW dresses for
chubby women (Coozy)
I – Hongkong and Bangkok dresses/blouses
from wholesalers
P – Weekly visit to supply sources + retail
shop + merchandizer
O – big sizes from XL to 4XL

17. I-P-O of Several Types of Business/ SMEs
Business INPUT PROCESSOR OUTPUT
Restaurant Raw food supplier The cook, kitchen
equipment and the
menu/recipe
Final dish (themed or
local fare)
Bakeshop Flour/baking
supplies
Baker + store crew +
oven
Baked goods
Clothing Cloth, accessories
(buttons, zippers,
etc.), thread
Designer, sewer and
retail shop merchandizer
RTW clothes
Pet Shop Food, medicines Supplier for pet food/
medicines, veterinarian
and clinic facility
Clean, healthy happy
pets + happy owners
Spa Oils,
essences/herbal
products,
massage area
Therapist, massage area,
wet area (jacuzzi)
Soothing/healing
massage + relaxed
client
Internet/
Computer
Shop
Computers,
game/ office
software
Technician + play/room
area
Uninterrupted gamers
with challenging
games

18. WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED FROM
DECEMBER TO APRIL
DECEMBER JANUARY FERBRUARY MARCH APRIL
1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W
Company
Set-up
papers
BUSINESS
PLAN/FINANCIALS
DTI TRADEMARKS
Initial
Money in
the bank
JOINT VENTURE WITH THE
SITE FRANCHISOR/
OWNER
CURRENT ACCOUNT WITH
BDO
Completion
of actual
product/
service
COOKING MANUAL/
PRODUCT PRICING
INGREDIENTS (MEAT
PATTIES, SUPERDOUGH,
MAYONNAISE, CHEESE)
INITIAL PRODUCT TESTING
FINAL PRODUCT DEMO
WITH PRINCIPAL
HACCP (FOOD SAFETY)
CERTIFICATION
Department of Trade and Industry ( DTI)/ Ministry of commerce, BDO ( bank Name), Hazard analysis and critical control

19. WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED FROM
DECEMBER TO APRIL
DECEMBER JANUARY FERBRUARY MARCH APRIL
1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W
Completion
of
equipment/
store
MEETING WITH LEASOR/
LOCATION OWNER FOR
STORE PLANS
TOASTER GRILL
SELECTION/TEST/
PURCHASE
CHEST TYPE FREEZER
PURCHASE
CHILLER DISPLAY
SELECTION/SIZING/
PURCHASE
MEETING WITH
ARCHITECT/ISSUANCE OF
NOTICE TO PROCEED
CHECK ELECTRICAL LOAD/
AREA PERIMETER/
COOKING AREA
MOBILIZATION AND
SCOPE OF WORK
STOCKROOM, SHELVINGS
& WORKTABLE
FOOD COUNTER
COMPLETION/
DOUBLELOCKS

20. WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED FROM
DECEMBER TO APRIL
DECEMBER JANUARY FERBRUARY MARCH APRIL
1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W 3W 4W 1W 2W
Hiring of
initial
personnel
SELECTION OF STAFF/
TRAINING
Agreement
with
Suppliers/
Distributors
CONTRACT TERMS WITH
INGREDIENT SUPPLY
SUPPLY OF SANDWICH
WRAPS
Market test
with
customers
ACTUAL SAMPLING OF
PRODUCTS
PRICE POINT SURVEY
Moving into
actual
COMPANY LOGO/DESIGN
OF PACKAGING
PANAFLEX MENUBOARD +
SANDWICH PICTURES
STREAMERS/BROCHURES
SUPPLIES & INGREDIENTS
AT STORE
TELEPHONE LINE + CASH
REGISTER
Start of
Business
SOFT OPENING
STORE BLESSINGS

21. Step to Start SMEs
• ជំហាន​ចំបាច់​ពេល​ព្ដើម​អាជីវកមម​ខ្នា ត​តូច និងមធ្យម
ការ​ព្ដើម​អាជីវកម្ ខ្នា ត​តូច​តម្មូវ​ឲ្យ​មាន​ការ​តំង​ចិតត​ខ្ពស់ ​ការ​ពលើក​ទឹកចិតត ​និង​យល់ដឹង​េី​្លូវ​ (យុទធសាស្តសត) ដដល​ម្តូវ​ពធ្វើ​ដំព ើរ​
ព្ព ោះ​​​​រក​ភាេ​ពោគជ័យ។ ខ្នង​ពម្កាម​​ពនោះ​ោ​គនលឹោះ​ខ្លីៗ​​​សម្មាប់​ម្បិយមិតត មិតត​យុវវ័យ​ដដល​ចង់​​ពបើក​អាជីវកមម​ពោយ​ខ្លួន​ឯង​​​​ពដើមបី​ោ​​​
ទុន​គំនិត​​​​ដសវង​យល់​​​​​េី​អ្វី​ដដល​ម្តូវ​ពធ្វើ​ពដើមបី​ជួយ​​ឲ្យ​អាជីវកមម​ថ្មី​ព ោះ​ទទួល​ពោគជ័យ។
• កំ ត់​ឱកាស​មុខ្​ជំនួញ​របស់​អ្ាក៖ ការ​ពម្ជើសពរើស​ម្បពេទ​មុខ្​ជំនួញ ពដើមបី​ចប់​ព្ដើម​ោ​ពរឿង​មួយ​ដ៏​លំបាក​ពម្រោះ​ពតង​ឲ្យ​ពយើង​សិកា​
ដសវង​យល់​េី​ឱកាស​នន​មុខ្​ជំនួញ​ព ោះ។ ​​ម្តូវ​ដឹង​​ថា ​​ពតើ​អ្ាក​ម្សឡាញ់​ចូលចិតត​អ្វី​ោង​ពគ។ ​ពម្ៅ​េី​ពនោះ​​អ្ាក​ក៏​ម្តូវ​ដឹង​ដដរ​ថា​អាជីវកមម
ដដល​អ្ាក​ចង់​ពធ្វើ​ោ​អាជីវកមម​ងាប់ (អាជីវកមម​ដដល​វិវតតន៍​តិច​តួច ឬ​មិន​វិវតតន៍​ទំង​ម្សុង) ឬ​ោ​អាជីវកមម​រស់ ​(អាជីវកមម​ដដល​អាច​រើក​លូត
លាស់​បាន​ពលឿន)។

22. Step to Start SMEs ( Con’t)
• ពធ្វើ​គពម្មាង​ដ្នការ៖ ម្គប់​ការ​ចប់​ព្ដើម ទំង​អ្ស់​​ការ​ពធ្វើ​គពម្មាង​ជួយ​ឲ្យ​អ្ាក​យល់ដឹង​កាន់​ដត​ពម្ៅ​េី​រច សមព័នធ​​អាជីវកមម ​នដ​គូម្បកួត​ម្បដជង ​និង​ពដើម
ទុន​ដដល​តម្មូវ។ ​ពបើ​ម្កពេក​ពមើល​ ការ​សិកា​មួយ​ដដល​បាន​ពលើក​ពេើង​កាុង​ពសៀវពៅ “Business Plans For
Dummies” ពោយ​ពលាក Paul Tiffany ​ក៏​បាន​និយាយ​ដដរ​ម្កុមហុន​ទំង​ឡាយ​ណា​ដដល​​​មាន​គពម្មាង​ដ្នការ​ចាស់​លាស់​
ព ោះ​នឹង​មាន​ឱកាស​ទទួល​បាន​ចំ ូ ល ៥០% ​ពម្ចើន​ោង​ម្កុមហុន​ដដល​មិន​មាន។
• ដសវងរក​ថ្វិកា៖ ោ​ពរឿង​​ដដល​មិន​អាច​​ខ្វោះបាន។ ការ​ដសវងរក​ថ្វិកា​ោ​ដ្ាក​មួយ​​ចំបាច់​ោងពគ ​ពហើយ​វិធ្ីសាស្តសត​ពនោះ​ខ្ុស​ដបលក​េី​មាា ក់​ពៅ​មាា ក់។ ​ពតើ​ម្បេេ
ថ្វិកា​ម្បពេទ​ណា ​ដដល​សម​នឹង​មុខ្​ជំនួញ​របស់​អ្ាក? ​ម្បេេ​ទំង​ព ោះ​អាច​ោ ​របស់​មាា ស់​អាជីវកមម​ផ្ទា ល់​​េី​​មិតតេ័កដិ និង​សមាជិក​កាុង​​ម្កុម​ម្គួសារ ​​េី​នដ
គូ​វិនិពយាគ ​កមាី​ហិរញ្ញបបទន ​ឬ​កមមវិធ្ី​ឧបតថមភ​​ោពដើម។

23. Step to Start SMEs?
• ោក់ព្ម ោះ​អាជីវកមម៖ ការ​ពម្ជើស​ព្ម ោះ​អាជីវកមម​ដ៏​ម្តឹមម្តូវ​អាច​ទញ​ចំណាប់​អារមម ៍​អ្តិថ្ិជន​ឲ្យ​ចប់​អារមម ៍​មក​ពលើ​ពសវាកមម ឬ​្លិត្ល​របស់​អ្ាក។ ោ​ទូពៅ​
តម​ម្បេេ​មួយ​ចំនួន​ពលើក​ពេើង​ថា​ ព្ម ោះ​អាជីវកមម​​​គួរ​ដត​​​ខ្លី​ ងាយ​ម្សួល​ចំ​ ​ខ្ុស​ដបលក​េី​អ្ាក​ដនទ​ ​​និង​​​ទក់​ទញ។
សុំ​​អាោា ប័ ណ៖ ​ម្តូវ​ចុោះ​ព្ម ោះ​អាជីវកមម​ោមួយ​អាោា ធ្រ​​រក់​េ័នធ។
• កំ ត់​ទីតំង​អាជីវកមម៖ ការ​ពម្ជើសពរើស​ទីតំង​​ដ៏​ម្តឹម​ម្តូវ ​នឹង​អាច​ជួយ​ឲ្យ​អាជីវកមម​​ទទួល​ពោគជ័យ​បាន​រហ័ស។ ​ទីតំង​អាច​ពៅ​​ទី​ម្បជុំម្បជន​ ​​​្លូវ​ដកង ឬ​ដកបរ​្លូវ​
ម្បសេវ​​​ោ​ពដើម។ ​​ពម្ៅ​េី​ការ​ពម្ជើសពរើស​ទីតំង ​​ម្តូវ​​ទិញ​សមាភ រៈ​ចំបាច់​សម្មាប់​ការិយាល័យ ​និង​អាជីវកមម ​ការ​រច ​ទី​កដនលង​ឲ្យ​មាន​ភាេ​ទក់​ទញ​ក៏​​ការ​ចំបាច់​ដូចគ្
។
• សងឃឹម​ថា ​ចំ ុ ច​ដដល​បាន​ពរៀបរាប់​ខ្នងពលើ​នឹង​ជួយ​្ដល់​ោ​គំនិត​ចំពរោះ​អ្ាក​ទំង​ឡាយ​ដដល​ចង់​ចប់​ព្ដើម​អាជីវកមម​ថ្មី​មួយ​ដល់​ខ្លួន​ឯង