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Archeology
- 2. Paleobotany is the scientific study of ancient plants, using plant fossils found in sedimentary rocks. These fossils can be impressions or compressions of the plants left on the rock's surface, or "petrified" objects, such as wood, which preserve the original plant material in rocklike form. 2
- 3. 3 Recovery of artifacts Archaeologists rarely excavate (dig) entire sites. Archaeology is a destructive science—meaning that once a site is excavated, it is gone forever. The artifacts and information gathered remain, but the site itself can never be recreated. Excavating sites is also costly and time- consuming.
- 4. Processing the artifacts 4 There are several different techniques for the processing of sediment samples. The technique a paleoethnobotanist chooses depends entirely upon the type of plant macrobotanical remains they expect to recover. 1. Dry screening. 2. Wet screening. 3. Wash over technique. 4. Flotation method.
- 5. 20XX Presentation title 5 Flotation machine in use. Note the two sieves catching charred seeds and charcoal. Dry screening is the sieving of sediments through a mesh and requires the soil to pass dry through the mesh. The wash over and wet screening techniques are very similar bot have a sieve with the soil which is sprayed with water to separate the soil from the artifacts.
- 6. 6 Analyzing Artifacts Artifacts are important sources of information for archaeologists. Artifacts can tell us about the diet, tools, weapons, dress, and living structures of people who made and used them. Archaeologists wash, sort, catalog, and store recovered artifacts after bringing them back from the field. They analyze individual artifacts, but also may sort them into groups to see patterns.
- 7. Preserving Collections 7 Archaeological conservation is a profession devoted to the preservation of the archaeological record including large-scale features such as sites, structures, and landscapes, as well as artifacts. Archaeological conservation is guided by ethical principles that derive from the understanding that these materials are "primary resources for understanding and interpreting the past.