Xu-AGU-2014-3

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This document summarizes research estimating ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in eastern China using aerosol optical depth (AOD) determined from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) satellite instrument. The study finds that GOCI provides reliable hourly AOD measurements over northeast Asia. PM2.5 estimates derived from GOCI-observed AOD correct biases in PM2.5 estimates from a chemical transport model. GOCI-derived PM2.5 shows significant correlation with ground-based PM2.5 measurements in eastern China.

Junwei Xu1
Randall V. Martin1,2, Jhoon Kim3, Myungje Choi3, Qiang Zhang4, Guannan
Geng4, Yang Liu5, Zongwei Ma5,6, Lei Huang6, Yuxuan Wang4,7
Estimating Ground-level PM2.5 in Eastern China
Using Aerosol Optical Depth Determined from
the GOCI Satellite Instrument
1Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
2Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA
3Yonsei University. Seoul, Korea
4Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
5Emory University, Atlanta, USA
6Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
7Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
Fall AGU
San Francisco
16 Dec 2014

PM2.5: A complex mixture of
extremely small particles
and liquid droplets
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Affects Health and Longevity
WHO:
3.2 million premature DEATHS
per year worldwide
East Asia: 1 million
Lim, et al., The Lancet, 380 (9859) , pp. 2224-2260, 2012

Vast Regions Have Insufficient
Measurements of Exposure
Assessment to PM2.5
Locations of Publicly-Available
PM2.5 Monitoring Sites in China
http://113.108.142.147:20035/emcpublish/ van Donkelaar et al., EHP, 2010
Satellite-Derived PM2.5 in China
Satellite
Remote
Sensing
Chemical Transport
Model
Satellite Remote
Sensing Can Fill in
These Gaps

Satellite-derived PM2.5: from Satellite Aerosol Optical
Depth (AOD) and Modeled PM2.5/AOD
GEOS-Chem
Chemical Transport Model
 GEOS-5 meteorological fields
 New Multi-resolution Emission
Inventory for China (MEIC)
emission in 2010
 New sulfate chemical formation
mechanism (on aerosol surface at
RH>60)
Model version v9-01-03
Nested CH @ 0.5x0.666
deg horizontal resolution
(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)
 Onboard Korean COMS
(Communication, Ocean, and
Meteorological Satellite)
 Geostationary observation satellite
 6 visible bands + 2 near-IR bands
 Hourly coverage @ 500 m resolution
Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm
 Surface reflectance: clear-sky composite
method (30-day 2nd minimum reflectance)
 Cloud masking: spatial variability test &
threshold test
 We applied additional textural cloud filters
GOCI

Evaluating GOCI AOD by Comparing with
Coincident AERONET Ground
Measurements
Evaluating Modeled PM2.5/AOD by Comparing
with Coincident Ground Measurements
Time inconsistency:
Model: 2012 May – 2013 April
Ground: 2013 Jan - Dec

Annual Mean GOCI-derived PM2.5
Compared with Ground Measurements
In Situ PM2.5 is better represented by GOCI-derived PM2.5 (slope = 0.91)
than by GEOS-Chem (slope =0.53)

Seasonal and Monthly GOCI-derived PM2.5
Compared with Ground Measurements

Monthly GOCI-derived PM2.5 and Chemical Speciation from
GEOS-Chem over Eastern China
Model indicates:
Massive OM emission
comes from biomass
burning and biofuel
combustion for
heating
Important PM2.5
components:
 OM
 Sulfate
 Dust (in
spring and
fall)
Xing et al., ACP, 2013

Summary
 GOCI provides reliable hourly AOD over Northeast Asia
 GOCI-derived PM2.5 corrects the bias in the modeled PM2.5
 GOCI-derived PM2.5 over Eastern China is in significant
correlation with ground measurements

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Xu-AGU-2014-3

1. Junwei Xu1 Randall V. Martin1,2, Jhoon Kim3, Myungje Choi3, Qiang Zhang4, Guannan Geng4, Yang Liu5, Zongwei Ma5,6, Lei Huang6, Yuxuan Wang4,7 Estimating Ground-level PM2.5 in Eastern China Using Aerosol Optical Depth Determined from the GOCI Satellite Instrument 1Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada 2Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA 3Yonsei University. Seoul, Korea 4Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 5Emory University, Atlanta, USA 6Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 7Texas A&M University, College Station, USA Fall AGU San Francisco 16 Dec 2014

2. PM2.5: A complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Affects Health and Longevity WHO: 3.2 million premature DEATHS per year worldwide East Asia: 1 million Lim, et al., The Lancet, 380 (9859) , pp. 2224-2260, 2012

3. Vast Regions Have Insufficient Measurements of Exposure Assessment to PM2.5 Locations of Publicly-Available PM2.5 Monitoring Sites in China http://113.108.142.147:20035/emcpublish/ van Donkelaar et al., EHP, 2010 Satellite-Derived PM2.5 in China Satellite Remote Sensing Chemical Transport Model Satellite Remote Sensing Can Fill in These Gaps

4. Satellite-derived PM2.5: from Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Modeled PM2.5/AOD GEOS-Chem Chemical Transport Model  GEOS-5 meteorological fields  New Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) emission in 2010  New sulfate chemical formation mechanism (on aerosol surface at RH>60) Model version v9-01-03 Nested CH @ 0.5x0.666 deg horizontal resolution (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)  Onboard Korean COMS (Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite)  Geostationary observation satellite  6 visible bands + 2 near-IR bands  Hourly coverage @ 500 m resolution Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm  Surface reflectance: clear-sky composite method (30-day 2nd minimum reflectance)  Cloud masking: spatial variability test & threshold test  We applied additional textural cloud filters GOCI

5. Evaluating GOCI AOD by Comparing with Coincident AERONET Ground Measurements Evaluating Modeled PM2.5/AOD by Comparing with Coincident Ground Measurements Time inconsistency: Model: 2012 May – 2013 April Ground: 2013 Jan - Dec

6. Evaluation of GOCI-derived PM2.5

7. Annual Mean GOCI-derived PM2.5 Compared with Ground Measurements In Situ PM2.5 is better represented by GOCI-derived PM2.5 (slope = 0.91) than by GEOS-Chem (slope =0.53)

8. Seasonal and Monthly GOCI-derived PM2.5 Compared with Ground Measurements

9. Monthly GOCI-derived PM2.5 and Chemical Speciation from GEOS-Chem over Eastern China Model indicates: Massive OM emission comes from biomass burning and biofuel combustion for heating Important PM2.5 components:  OM  Sulfate  Dust (in spring and fall) Xing et al., ACP, 2013

10. Summary  GOCI provides reliable hourly AOD over Northeast Asia  GOCI-derived PM2.5 corrects the bias in the modeled PM2.5  GOCI-derived PM2.5 over Eastern China is in significant correlation with ground measurements

11. MODIS-derived PM2.5 Compared with In situ Measurements

Editor's Notes

Clear-sky composite method: surface reflectance is determined by minimum reflectance (slight describ ethis so easy to understand the permanent aerosol’s effect on surface reflectance at Taihu in the next slide) The spatial variability test removes inhomogeneous cloud (as cloud is imhomogeneous compared to aerosol) The threshold test removes bright clouds
Following the method of Hyer et al., we additionally reduce cloud contamination by applying a buddy check that removes AOD retrievals without neighbors and a textural filter that removes AOD retrievals whose surrounding 5x5 pixels have an average above 0.2 and a coefficient of variation greater than 0.5.
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