3 d printing technology has been discussed in brief. its application in medicine and in pharmaceuticals are also highlighted.

1. 3D Printing technology: An innovative hope
for health care
Presented by: Dr. Juber Akhtar, Associate Professor,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Integral University, Lucknow.

2. 1
 Introduction
 Working of 3D printer
 3D Printing industry
 3D Technologies for pharmaceuticals
 Applications of 3D printing in medicine
 Pharmaceutical applications for 3D Printing
Barriers and challenges
Future trends and Conclusion
List of Content

3. Introduction
2
Manufacturing method
Additive manufacturing
CAD [Razelle, David 2015, C. Lee 2014 ].
1980s (Process of 3 D printing
described)

4. 3
→ Assure future production of drugs printed on demand,
custom doses, increased productivity and cost effectiveness
[Robert 2015, Tom Schneider et. al 2014]
Pharmaceutical industry
Mass
manufacturing
Personalized
medicine
Part of drug
production line

5. 4
In 2015 3D printed drug was approved by USFDA.
Zip dose
technology
ApreciaSpitram
Orodispersible
formulations
disintegrate in the
mouth with just a
sip of liquid

6. 5
Working of 3D printer
 Making of virtual design of the object
 CAD using 3D modeling programme/ scanner
 3D digital copy of the object
 Slicing of final model into hundreds or thousands horizontal
layers
 Sliced file is uploaded in to 3D printer
 Object now created layer by layer in 3D

7. 6
The 3 Ds of 3D Printing: Basic Principle of
3D Printing Oral Dosage Forms.

8. 7
The ‘Ideal 3D Printer’ for Production of Personalised
Medicines. (source: trends in pharmacological sciences)

9. 8
3D Printing Industry
3D printing is currently about a $6.063 billion industry,
with $667 million (11%) invested in medical applications.
By 2027 3D printing industry is expected to grow into an $40
billion industry (Wohlar report 2017).

10. 9
3D Technologies for pharmaceuticals
Binder jet printing: A powder bed 3DP method that uses a
binder liquid to agglomerate powder articles to create a solid
object.
Delayed release
Tablet
Chlorphenamine
maleate
Fluorescein, Avicel PH301,
PVP ,Tween 20 etc.
Orodispersible
tablet
Levetiracetam MCC, Glycerine, Tween 80
etc.

11. 10
Fused deposition modeling (FDM): A thermal extrusion
3DP method.
Controlled
release
caplets
Budesonide Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Immediate and
extended-
release tablets
Theophylline Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)
SSL, varying concentrations of
triethyl citrate (TEC) or triacetin

12. 11
Selective laser sintering (SLS): A powder bed 3DP method
that uses a laser to sinter powder particles together to create a
solid object.
Oral drug-loaded
tablets
Paracetamol Kollicoat IR or Eudragit L
etc.
Drug delivery
device
Progesterone Polycaprolactone (PCL)

13. 12
Semi-solid extrusion (SSE): A 3DP method that is based on
the extrusion of semi-solid materials (such as gels or pastes)
that solidify to create a solid object.
Bi-layered
tablets
(polypill)
Guaifenesin Polyacrylic acid (PAA), MCC
and sodium starch glycolate
Multiactive
tablets
(polypill)
Nifedipine,
glipizide and
captopril
HPMC

14. 13
Stereolithography (SLA): A 3DP method that uses high
energy light to photopolymerise a liquid resin to create solid
parts.
Hydrogels Ibuprofen Polyethylene glycol diacrylate
(PEGDA), PEG 300 etc.
Personalised
antiacne facial
mask
Salicylic
acid
PEGDA, PEG 300 etc.

15. 14
Applications of 3d printing in medicine
 The output of 3D printers as finished products
was around 28% ( H. Stahl 2013a ).
 It increased about 80% in 2020.
 Hearing aids 3D printing technology shortened
the manufacturing process i.e. scanning,
modelling, and printing.
 Printers can print 65 hearing aid shells or 47
hearing aid moulds within 60 to 90 minutes. (H.
Stahl 2013b).

16. 15
Medical applications:
3D printing is used to produce bones, ears, exoskeletons,
windpipes, a jaw bone, eyeglasses, cell cultures, stem cells,
blood vessels, vascular networks, tissues, and organs, as well
as novel dosage forms and drug delivery devices (C. Lee
Ventola 2014).

17. 16
Dentistry: 3D printing is widely used in dental labs, if
takes the efficiencies of digital design to the production
stage. By combining oral scanning, CAD/CAM design,
and 3D printing, dental labs can accurately and rapidly
produce Crowns, Bridges, Stone models and range of
orthodontic appliances.

18. 17
Artificial jaw printed
by 3D. Titanium
powder used for
printing the implant.
1 mm of the implant
constituted 33 printed
layers. The titanium
body is coated with
bio-ceramics.
An artificial ear
have an antenna
registers frequencies
a human cannot hear.

19. 18
Pharmaceutical Applications for 3D Printing
Precise control of droplet size and dose, high reproducibility,
and the ability to produce dosage forms with complex drug-
release profiles (Lee H & Cho D-W; 2016 b).
Complex drug manufacturing processes more standardized,
simpler and more viable.
Development of personalized medicine.
Allows drug dosage forms, release profiles, and dispensing
to be customized for each patient (C. Lee Ventola et .al;
2014).

20. 19
 3D printers can print binder onto a matrix powder bed in layers
typically 200 micrometers thick, creating a barrier between the active
ingredients to facilitate controlled drug release. 3D-printed dosage
forms can also be fabricated in complex geometries that are porous
and loaded with multiple drugs throughout, surrounded by barrier
layers that modulate release (C. Lee Ventola 2014).

21. 20
Orodispersible high-dose medications
 Orodispersible high-dose medications (up to 1000 mg) without
using compression forces or traditional molding techniques. 3D
printer stitches together multiple layers of powdered medication
using an aqueous fluid to produce a porous, water-soluble matrix
that rapidly disintegrates with a sip of liquid (ZipDose Technology).

22. 21
 First FDA approved drug (2015) First 3D printed drug [Spitram
(levetiracetam)] manufactured by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals was
approved by USFDA (Razelle Kurzrock, David J. Stewart 2015;
Robert J. Szczebra 2015; ZipDose Technology).

23. 22
Unique Dosage Forms
Inkjetbased 3D printing drug fabrication
Spray formulations of medications and binders in small
droplets at precise speeds, motions, and sizes onto a
substrate.
Cellulose, coated or uncoated paper, microporous
bioceramics, glass scaffolds, metal alloys, and potato.
 Spraying uniform “ink” droplets onto a liquid film that
encapsulates it, forming micro particles and
nanoparticles.

24. 23
 Drugs with complex geometries
• Researchers of the University College London (UCL)
School of Pharmacy and FabRx, Ltd. In their study designed
five tablets, each with a distinctly different shape — a cube,
pyramid, cylinder, sphere, and torus using auto CAD
software ( Lee H & Cho D-W; 2016 b).
• When the surface area of the printed tablets was kept
constant, the drug release rates were the fastest in the
pyramid shaped tablet > torus > cube > sphere > cylinder.

25. 24
 Barriers and challenges
 Post-processing
Limitations of Materials
Massive job loss
Regulatory Concerns

26. 25
Future trends and Conclusion
 3D printing technology is expected to play an important
role in the trend toward personalized medicine.
 On demand drug printing.
 Many general medications became available by this
technique, patients might be able to reduce their
medication burden to one poly pill per day.
These technologies are going to transform pharmacy
practice by allowing medications to be truly
individualized and tailored specifically to each patient,
although technical and regulatory hurdles remain.