The document discusses the principles and methods of disinfection. It describes various disinfectants like phenols, sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde, and their applications. Disinfectants like ethanol, isopropanol, quaternary ammonium compounds and hydrogen peroxide are used for hand and surface disinfection. Formaldehyde and iodine are also discussed as disinfectants used for instruments, surfaces, and skin preparation. The document covers Spaulding's classification of disinfection and mentions that pasteurization is a form of high level disinfection using hot water treatment.

1. Disinfection
PRESENTED
BY:
Name- Joynika
Singh
Class- B.Sc.
Nursing 3rd year

3. Disinfection
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6. Principles of disinfection:
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23.  Used as a rinse in wounds, scrapes and abrasions.
 it acts by damaging the cellular components.
 used to disinfect contact lenses, utensils, heat sensitive plastics and food
processing equipments.
 suitable for disinfecting surfaces of safety cabinets, rooms and delicate
instruments.
 anaerobic bacteria are susceptible to hydrogen peroxide because of the
sudden release of oxygen.

24. OTHERS:
Pasteurization is a form of disinfection
Pasteurization is a high level disinfection (HLD)
process using hot water at a temperature of 75°C,
for a contact time for 30 minutes or longer.

26. Spaulding’s classification for levels of
disinfection:

28. Disinfectant Application
Phenols Surface disinfection, 1% used
Sodium hypochlorite Water and surface disinfection
Glutaraldehyde Glutaraldehyde in 2% solution is used for sterlizing
equipment that cannot be autoclaved.
Eg. Cystoscopes, endoscopes, dialyzers, transducer,ET
tubes etc.
Ortho-phthalaldehyde Used as a replacement for glutaraldehyde as it is non
toxic.
Cresols Used for infected glassware, cleaning floors, disinfecting
excreta, available as lysol.
Chlorhexidine or hibitane Treating wounds and preoperative preparation of
wounds. Available as savlon (5ml in 100ml water) and
cetrimide.
Chloroxylenol Active ingredient of dettol and act as antiseptic.
Types of disinfectant used:

29. Disinfectant Application
Ethanol and isopropanol Used as hand wipes
Quaternary ammonium compounds Hand disinfection in out-patient clinics. Low level
disinfectant.
Hydrogen peroxide In >6% solution it is used to disinfect operation theatre.
Formaldehyde -10% formalin for cleaning metal instruments.
-40% formalin for disinfection of instruments, furniture,
fiber, leather, for preparation of toxoids, killing bacterial
culture and suspension for fungi and tubercle bacilli.
- In gaseous form for heat sensitive catheters, fumigation
Iodine 2% solution (tincture of iodine) applied on skin before
surgery.
- Iodophor used on burns, boils, ulcers, surgical swabs,
preoperative skin preparation.
Betadine Bactericidal antiseptic for intact skin and superficial
wounds.

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