Obstacle Driven Development has the most comprehensive testing of any engineering process or method. Tests are created for each element of all stages of development. This presentation shows the various models of Obstacle Driven Development methods and processes. Numerous models, including 3D versions, have been created to help understanding and solve obstacles. Models range from the simple to the complex with simple 4 stage models to full flowcharts explaining the method and process.

1. Obstacle Driven Development
ODD Models

2. Testing First?
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Answering a
question before
its asked is like
creating a
solution before
a test.

3. Problem Driven Development
Problem Driven
Development combines
Test Driven Development
with V-models.
• Requirements analysis
is separate stage
• Specification in the
form of various levels of
testing
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4. Problem Driven Development
Colour is changed to
represent the colours
of traffic lights.
• Tests are linked to
abstraction levels of
the stages
• Suitable for research
purposes
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5. Problem Domain Development
Problem and solution
domains describe the
stages.
• Specification is an
interface between the
stages
• Expanding the
interface allows
increased testing
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6. N-model Comparison
Problem Driven Development
creates an N-model to combine a V
and inverted V-model.
• Comparison against Problem and
Solution domains
• Specification allows testing of
ideas before they are created
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7. Obstacle Driven Development Stages
Adding a Production stage created
Obstacle Driven Development with
Solution to be produced.
• Solutions designed in labs may
not work in practice
• Production ensures Solution is
produced with quality assured
and controlled
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8. Stages Verification + Validation
Between each stage of Obstacle
Driven Development there are tests
created to verify and validate.
• Verify is creating a test to ensure
it’s built in the right way
• Validate is passing a test to
ensure it’s built right
• Adapted as necessary between
other stages
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9. Stages Verification + Validation
Verification and Validation gives 2
directions of information flow with
feedforwards and feedback.
• Each stage is linked to the next
through creating tests
• Each stage is linked to the
previous through passing tests
• Feedforwards for progress
• Feedback for correction
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10. Stages + Domains
Production gives another stage to the Problem and Solution
domain with Quality Assured and Controlled.
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11. M-model Development
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Extending the N-model
with Production
creates the M-model.
• Checkpoints added
to consolidate each
stage with output
• Tests created and
passed between
each stage

12. M-model Development
M-model provides a path for
development with
Verification and Validation
through tests.
• Stages are alternatively
built up and broken down
• Ascending slope indicates
integration
• Descending slope
indicates decomposition
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13. Domains + M-model
Stages designed to model the
problem domain with testing
between each.
• Overlap represents testing
between stages
• Creating and solving tests acts as
interface between stages
• Operates similarly to Test Driven
Development
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14. M-model Elements
M-models divided into
stages and abstraction
levels to give elements.
• Stages contain all
required elements
• Creating through
integration or
decomposition
• Suppliers may supply
lower level products
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15. M-model Elements
Stages of the model are divided into elements through abstraction
levels and system divisions with each having a specific place.
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16. Stages + Process
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Stages are created using a process
of creating and solving tests.
• Process the same for each stage
but different methods to achieve
solutions
• Solutions to a stage become
obstacles to the next
• Stages

17. Stages + Process
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Solutions to each stage (in blue)
become obstacles (in red) to link
the next stage.
• Stages are both solutions and
obstacles
• Stages repeated until obstacles
are solved

18. Process + Verification + Validation
Verification and validation is
performed between each stage
through creating and solving tests.
• Creating a test first ensures we
are building the right thing
• Solving a test ensures we are
building it right
• We modify prior stages when we
determine errors with them
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19. OODA Inspired M-model
ODD combined with the
OODA model (Observe,
Orient, Decide, Act).
• Illustrates feedback to
the Analysis stage
• Shows importance of a
Specification to
development
• Decision block before
entering Production
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20. Abstraction Levels
Abstraction levels help
obstacles and solutions link
at all levels.
• Divides development into
appropriate levels
• High level abstractions are
integrated from lower
levels
• Lower level abstractions
are decomposed from
high levels
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21. Systems Division
Abstraction levels are
further divided into
individual systems and their
lower levels.
• Helps separate systems
from others for easier
testing and integration
• Systems division is
modelled throughout
stages
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22. 3D Pyramid Model
Combining models gives a 3D
model with Stages, Abstraction
levels and System Divisions.
• Progress on x-axis
• Abstraction levels on y-axis
• Systems division on z-axis
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23. Linking Models
Models are linked end to end
to allow development to
continuously improve.
• Models linked for new
products or creating
improved versions
• Combine as many models
as necessary
• Obstacles, tests and
solutions can be reused
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24. Flowchart
Flowcharts show how we
create products through
each stage.
• Process is similar for
each stage
• Create tests first,
solutions after
• Stages complete when
all tests are passed
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25. Flowchart + Feedback
Feedback between stages
allows modification of
previous stages within a
development cycle.
• Feedback when tests
or solutions are not
suitable
• Tests and/or solutions
may not correct
• Progress of stage
determines feedback
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26. Repeating M-models
M-models also repeat by folding in
on themselves which helps
continuous improvement.
• Consists of V and inverted V-
models
• Process and structure identical to
other forms
• Current and future products
developed concurrently
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27. Systems Engineering
Further stages may be added to
create models suitable for systems
engineering.
• Additional stages of Supply and
Assemble support hardware and
embedded
• Maintenance and Support to
help products and services
longevity
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28. Software Engineering + Sales
Other stages are added to the
systems engineering model as
necessary.
• Business obstacles and solutions
may be combined
• Helps determine effective
business strategies
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29. Hardware Engineering + Sales
Stages are added or removed as
necessary for development.
• Adding Supply and Assemble
added
• Maintenance and Support
removed
• Helps links Hardware and
Embedded engineering to a
business strategy
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30. ODDSAP (Supply Assemble Production)
Stages are added and
removed to create new
models.
• Stages added in pairs
which support
development
• Supply and Assemble
ensure hardware is
supplied and
assembled right
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31. OODA Inspired ODDSAP
Combining the ODDSAP
model with OODA shows
feedback and importance
of Specification.
• Feedback from each
stage to Analysis
• Implicit Guidance and
control from
Specification
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32. ASAP (Analysis Supply Assemble Production)
ASAP used when there is
insufficient time to perform
the required stages.
• Product is built quickly
with ODD stages to verify
and validate
• ODD performed
concurrently or after
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33. Generic Form
Generic form is
applicable between each
of the stages.
• Obstacle is a solution
from previous stage
• Target / Test creates a
test with assertion
• Solution solves the
test / achieves target
• Action is result of the
stage
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34. OBSA (Obstacle Behaviour Solution Action)
OBSA is the fundamental
process and method
behind ODD.
• Modified for different
fields including
business and medicine
• Fundamental to OODA
methods also
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35. Further Information and Questions
Website
Presentations
Facebook
Twitter
Email
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36. Legal Stuff
References
Test Driven Development for Embedded C
James Grenning, 2011
Digging into “Fail fast, fail often.”
http://agile.dzone.com/articles/digging-fail-fast-fail-often
Agile vs. Waterfall: How to Approach your Web Development Project
http://www.commonplaces.com/blog/agile-vs-waterfall-how-approach-
your-web-development-project
The Scrum Master Performance Review
http://illustratedagile.com/2011/12/13/the-scrum-master-
performance-review-preparation/
ScrumMaster
http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/agile/scrum/scrummaster
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