Epidemiology Final Presentation

1. Epidemiology Final Presentation
By: Mersha, Digafie Teketelw
Student ID - 2021280846
January, 2021.
Thesis Topic
Level of job satisfaction and associated
factors among employees
working at Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
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2. Introduction
• Professionals in the health-care field play a vital role in ensuring that
people have access to and receive high-quality care[19].
• The World Health Organization (WHO) Global strategy on human
resources on health workforce 2030 sets out the policy agenda to ensure a
work force that is fit for purpose to attain the targets of the Sustainable
Development Goals(SDGs) [17].
• Motivation of health care workers can initiate them to exert and maintain
an effort towards organizational goals [2]. Motivation depends up on many
factors, and job satisfaction is one of the most important factors [2].
• People's attitudes and sentiments regarding their jobs are referred to as
job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is shown by positive and favorable views
toward the job { 19}.
• Whereas, negative and unfavorable attitudes towards their job indicate job
dissatisfaction [3]. A high level of job satisfaction has a positive effect on
workers’ health related quality of life [4–7], job performance [7–10],
retention in work [11–13], quality of healthcare delivery [14, 15] and
customer satisfaction [16, 17]. Low job satisfaction may result in staff
turnover, tiredness, absenteeism, undesirable job performance and poor
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3. Reasons to the topic chosen
 Despite the decentralized management of Ethiopia's health
services, there is still a shortage of health professionals in
numerous fields.
 The Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia launched a 2016–2025
strategic plan for human resources for health to guide the
country’s effort to develop, recruit, deploy, motivate and retain
health workers [13].
 The number of Ministry of Health employees is expected to be
over 1,000; these professionals include PHDs, Masters, Bscs, and
Diplomas with varying years of service.
 Because strong motivation can lead to increased performance
and satisfaction among workers, a better understanding of
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4. Reasons to the topic chosen
• Employee receptivity to change, loyalty, dedication to
organizational objectives, and degree of engagement and
contribution have all been connected to a lack of job
satisfaction, which has been associated to turnover,
absenteeism and tardiness
• In the ministry we have high employee turnover nearly 150
employees per year. As a result, it's critical to determine the
degree of job satisfaction and the elements that influence it
among ministry employees, as well as to give critical
information for both professionals and the government to
take the required steps to keep the employee alive.
• There is no literature in the country on job satisfaction and
the factors that influence it among ministry of health
employees.
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5. Significance of the study
According to the literature assessment, there is no research on
job satisfaction among Ethiopian ministry of health employees.
This research will be immensely helpful to find out the actual
scenario of the ministry personnel in Ethiopia.
It will become signal for future policy formulation and employees
retention policies and strategies of the ministry.
The study can also be used as a base line data for future studies
in this area.
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6. Feedback
 The findings of the study will be present back to the
ministry's management committee in order to help them
formulate future human resource policies.
 But also the finding will be emailed to all staffs for common
understanding.
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7. Literature Review
• Accordingly to the study conducted among nurses working in Ethiopian public hospitals 33.5% of
the study participants had a low level of job satisfaction.(4)
• The study conducted in Jimma university specialized hospital and western Amhara region of Ethiopia
the health professionals showed that 46.2% and 69.3% of the health workers were dissatisfied with
their job respectively (3,8).
• A study conducted among anesthetists working in the whole country and in Amhara national
regional state, Northwest Ethiopia, suggests that only 54.2% and 53.1% of respondents were
dissatisfied respectively(1, 7).
• Accordingly the study conducted among midwives working at health facilities in Addis Ababa city,
Ethiopia, job satisfaction was 52.9 %( 10)
• According to a survey of nurses working in Mainland China hospitals, more than half of them (53.7%)
were satisfied or extremely satisfied with their professions, whereas 15% had moderate to severe
occupational stress[20].
• According to a survey of young doctors working in teaching hospitals in Sudan's River Nile State,
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Level of job satisfaction

8. Literature Review
• Previous researchers have found that health workers in Ethiopia tend to be
unsatisfied with many aspects of their job, especially their salary, their
training opportunities, work load and their chances of promotion [1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8].
• According to a study conducted among nurses working in hospitals in
Mainland China, the majority of the sample reported high levels of
organizational and professional commitment (63.7 percent and 85.9%,
respectively, while only 5.9% and 10.0 percent reported role conflict and
role ambiguity frequently or very frequently [20].
• According to a survey of junior doctors working in teaching hospitals in
Sudan's River Nile State, work conditions (27%) were the most common
reasons for job dissatisfaction, followed by a lack of training (23%),
inadequate pay (21.7%), workload (19.8%), social relationships (4.7%), and
autonomy (3.6%) [21].
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Determinants of job satisfaction

9. Conceptual Framework for Job satisfaction
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10. Objective of the study
 General Objective
To determine the degree
of job satisfaction and the
primary factors of job
satisfaction among
Ethiopian ministry of
health employees.
 Specific Objectives
To measure the level of job
satisfaction among the
ministry of health worker
To assess the factors of health
workers motivation among
the ministry of health
employees.
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11. Research questions
1. What is the level of job satisfaction among ministry of
health employee, Ethiopia?
2. What are some job-related factors to consider when
analyzing job dissatisfaction among ministry of health
employee, Ethiopia?
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12. Study Methods
Study Area
 Ministry of Health
 It located at Sudan street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Study Design
and Period
 An institution based cross sectional study design will be
conducted from January to May 2022.
Study
Population
 Totally the ministry has near to 1000 employees
Inclusion and
Exclusion
Criteria
 All employees who are available during data collection at the
ministry will be included in the study.
 Non permanent workers and who are absent from the ministry
during data collection and who are unable to complete the
questionnaire due to illness will be excluded from the study.
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13. Sample size and sampling method
• The required sample size was calculated using a single population
proportion formula:
• Assumptions n = required sample size, Z = critical value for normal
distribution at 95% confidence level (1.96), d = 0.05 (5% margin of error), P
= 46.2% (proportion of healthcare professionals satisfied with their job
from previse study [3] and an estimated non-response rate of 10%.
n = (Z)2 *p(1-p) n = (1.96)2 * 0.462*0.538 = 381.94
d2 (0.05)2
• Final sample size will be 382+ (382)10% = 420
• Data will be collected using a pretested and structured interviewer
administered questionnaire
• Study participants will be selected by random sampling technique from all
directorates. Employees who have very high and very low salary will be
13

14. Study Methods…
Study
Variables
Dependen
t
level of job satisfaction
Independ
ent
Socio-Demographic age, gender, religion, educational status,
marital status and financial status
Job and
organizational
related
work experience, working position, salary,
management system, training, working hours
and co worker relations
Data Collection Tools
• Validated standard questioner is adapted
• Data will be collected February 2022 by trained personnel
Ethical approval  After IRB Approval in Tsinghua , ethical clearance letter will be
written to the ministry.
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15. 3/7/2023 15
Study Methods…
Data Processing
and Analysis
• Assessment of Job satisfaction will
be measured by using twenty
items each scored 5-point Likert
scale with 1 denoting strongly
dissatisfied and 5 denoting
strongly satisfied with Minnesota
Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)
short form [18].
• Data will be coded and entered
using Epi-Info software and
analyzed using SPSS

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Limitations of the study
• Non permanent workers and who are absent during
data collection and who are unable to complete the
questionnaire will be excluded from the study.
• There is no a special standardized job satisfaction
measurement tool
• Establishing a true cause and effect relationship
between job satisfaction and associated factors would
be impossible.
• The outcome variable might be affected by other
confounding variables.

17. 3/7/2023 17
words
• Non permanent workers:- Employees who employed
less than 6 month ages.
• Directorate:- A directorate is a part of a ministry which
is responsible for one particular health issue like for
example the maternal and child health directorate.

18. Dissertation Plan and Implementation Timeline
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List of Activities Timelines Remark
Topic selection Meeting with supervisor November 2021 Done
Literature review and writing proposal Nov to Dec 2021 Done
First and second draft proposal submission December 2021 Done
Final proposal submission and defense January/2022
Ethical clearance January/2022
Data collection February/2022
Data cleaning, entry and analysis February - March/2022
Literature review March – April/2022
First draft thesis submission 4th week of April/2022
Second draft thesis submission 1st week of May/2022
Final thesis report submission 3rd week of May/2022
Thesis defense 1st week of June /2022

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References
1. Anesthesiology Research and Practice: Job Satisfaction and Associated Factors among Anesthetists Working in Amhara National Regional State,
Northwest Ethiopia, May 2017: Available from https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6489674
2. Abera Areri Habtamu, Alebel Animut and Deribe Luel Job satisfaction among Ethiopian nurses March 2021 Available from
https://sciendo.com/de/article/10.2478/fon-2021-0009
3. Alemshet Y: Job satisfaction and its determinants among health workers in Jimma university specialized hospital, southwest Ethiopia Aug 2011. Available
from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22435005/
4. Semachew: Predictors of job satisfaction among nurses working in Ethiopian public hospitals, 2014: Available from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28438214/
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https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-019-0373-8
6. Hotchkiss: Job satisfaction and motivation among public sector health workers: evidence from Ethiopia: Available from Oct 2015
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26510794/
7. Nega Desalegn, Leulayehu Akalu, Merga Haile: Ethiopian Anesthetists Job Satisfaction Level and Factors Affecting Their Level of Job Satisfaction.
Available from https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/10.11648.j.ja.20150305.11.html
8. Temesgen: Job satisfaction and associated factors among health professionals working at Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2018: Available from
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0898-7
9. Sakib, Al Ahad, Islam, Hasan, Kamal: Job Satisfaction Level of Library Professionals in Bangladesh: Available from
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10.Eyasu Tamru Bekru, Amsale Cherie, Antehun Alemayehu Anjulo: Job satisfaction and determinant factors among midwives working at health facilities in
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14.World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Available from

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