1. The document provides information on the greenhouse effect, global warming, and pollution control. It discusses the greenhouse effect, how the Earth's climate has changed over time, greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, and observed effects of global warming like rising temperatures, extreme weather, droughts, and impacts on flora and fauna. 2. The document then discusses the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like fossil fuel burning and provides data on US emissions. It notes that greenhouse gases persist in the atmosphere for decades or longer, risking a feedback loop where warming enables further emissions. 3. The last sections provide recommendations for individual actions to reduce emissions, like driving less, improving home energy efficiency, using

1. Gist On
1. Green house effect
2. global warming
&
3. Pollution Control

2. SEQUENCE
1.Introduction
2.Greenhouse Effect
3.Effects of Global Warming – Some
Observations
4.Some Data –Earth Temperature
and Carbon Emissions
5.Blowing Up Your World
6.How can each of us slow global
warming now? ( From US Studies )

3. 1.Introduction

4. What is Global Warming and What is
the Greenhouse Effect?
• Global Warming: Global warming refers to an
average increase in the Earth's temperature, which in
turn causes changes in the global climate.
• The Greenhouse Effect: The warming of the
atmosphere by the trapping of long wave radiation
being radiated to space. The gases most responsible
for this effect are water vapor and carbon dioxide.
• But how does the Greenhouse Effect work?

5. History of Earth’s Climate
• Earth formed ~4.6 billion years ago
and
• Originally very hot.
However,
• Sun’s energy output was only 70% of
what it is presently.
• Liquid water present on the surface ~4.3
billion years ago.

6. History of Earth’s Climate
• The first Life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago
• Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years
ago
– Which Produced oxygen and removed carbon
dioxide and methane (greenhouse gases), from
the
atmosphere
– As a result Earth went through periods of
cooling
commonly referred to “Snowball Earth” and
subsequent warming.
• Earth began its current cycles of glacial and
interglacial periods ~3 million years ago.

8. 2.Greenhouse Effect

9. 2.Greenhouse Effect
To a certain degree, the earth acts like a
greenhouse.
Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass
of a greenhouse and warms the air and
objects within the greenhouse.
The same glass slows the heat from
escaping, resulting in much higher
temperatures within the greenhouse than
outside it.

10. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Water (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Non-
Greenhouse
Gases
99%
Greenhouse
Gases
1%

12. Direct Greenhouse Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide is without doubt the most
well known greenhouse gas. It is also the
greenhouse gas man contributes to most,
primarily through burning fossil fuels.
Since the industrial revolution concentrations
of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere have
increased at an even faster rate.
• So how quickly are CO2 levels rising?

14. Direct Greenhouse Gases
Methane (CH4)
• Sources: Natural - Wetlands,
Termites, the Oceans
• Human Made - Ruminants
(livestock), Waste Treatment,
Rice Agriculture, Biomass
Burning

15. Direct Greenhouse Gases
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
• Sources: Natural – The
Oceans, the Atmosphere,
Soils
Human Made – Agricultural
soils, Biomass burning,
Livestock, Transportation

16. Other Direct Greenhouse Gases
• Tropospheric Ozone
• Water Vapor (in the stratosphere)
• CFC’s Chlorofluorocarbons
• HFC’s Hydrofluorocarbons
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur
hexafluoride (SF6) with atmospheric
lifetimes of more than 1000 years.
Indirect Greenhouse Gases
1. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 2. Hydrogen (H2)
3. Carbon monoxide (CO)
4. Volatile organic compounds or VOCs

17. 3.Effects of Global Warming –
Some Observations

18. What Might Happen?
Cause and Effects
Global temperatures will rise!!!
• Is the climate warming? YES!
• Global surface temperatures have increased about
0.6°C since the late-19th century, and about 0.2 to
0.3°C over the past 25 years
• How about each year, how hot is it really getting?
Lets take a look at the average temperatures since
the 1880’s and see the projections of where we are
going.
• Then we can look at the top 20 hottest ever
recorded yearly temperatures!

21. Oceans Currents
• Warmer oceans can be mean colder continents
within a hotter globe.
• Larger amounts of fresh water are being added to
our oceans.
• If oceans becomes diluted by freshwater, the salt
concentration drops, and the water gets lighter,
idling on top and stalling some currents.
• Ocean currents running between warm and cold
regions serve as natural thermo regulators,
distributing heat from the equator toward poles.

22. Drought
• An increase in the occurrence of drought – Areas
that lack precipitation over a long period of time.
• As fast as global warming is transforming the
oceans and the ice caps, it's having an even more
immediate effect on land.

23. Flora and Fauna
Hot, dry land can be murder on flora and
fauna, and both are taking a bad hit. Wildfires in
such regions as Indonesia, the western U.S. and
even inland Alaska have been increasing as
timberlands and forest floors grow more parched (
dried ). The blazes create a feedback loop of their
own, pouring more carbon into the atmosphere
and reducing the number of trees, which inhale
CO2 and release oxygen.

24. Extreme Weather
• As the world warms, some extreme climate
events, like the frequency of heat waves and very
heavy precipitation, are expected to increase.
• Blizzards and snow storms may actually increase
in intensity and frequency in colder locations
• As climate change gathers pace, devastation
caused by extreme weather is more common.
• Many extreme weather events require energy,
often in the form of heat. As temperatures
increase, extreme weather events will tend to
increase in severity.
• The number of hurricanes occurred in 2004 was
the third-highest number in the 1950-2004 window.
• The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most
active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded

28. The U.S. emits about 6.4 billion metric
tons of greenhouse gases annually, 25%
of the world’s total.
Carbon dioxide stays in the
atmosphere for approximately
100 years, methane lasts about
12 years. Other greenhouse
gases last even longer.
As these gases continue to raise surface
temperatures, they trigger the release of even
greater quantities of carbon dioxide and methane
that are currently trapped in frozen Arctic
permafrost and tundra soils, further increasing
temperatures.
potentiallycausing“runawayglobalwarming”or self - accelerating.
6.4 billion metric tons
CO2/yr
These greenhouse gases last a
long time…
Warming begets more warming…
A feedback mechanism ensues…

29. 5.Blowing Up Our World

30. 5.Blowing Up Our World (exercise)
1.How many of you leave your bedroom light on when you are not
in the room?
2.How many of you walked, bicycled or took public
transportation to get to school today, instead of coming by
private automobile?
3.How many of you, when you drink a soft drink, throw the
container into the
garbage?
4.How many of you eat fresh vegetables instead of canned or
frozen?

31. 5.Blowing Up Our World (exercise)
5.How many of you use a hairdryer or other energy-
consuming convenience appliance, especially in the
morning?
6.How many of you, when you go to a store, get a bag for your
purchases, even if you have only one or two small items to
carry?
7.How many of you carry your lunch to school in a lunch box
or reusable container?
8.How many of you eat take-out or cafeteria food that is served in
foam or plastic containers?

32. 5.Blowing Up Our World (exercise)
9.How many of you use handkerchiefs instead of tissues and use
cloth towels instead of paper towels?
10.How many are changing incandescent bulbs for new compact
fluorescent bulbs?

33. 6.How can each of us slow
global warming now? (
From US Studies )

34. Small changes really add up
Replace your old
refrigerator with a new
Energy Star:
Annual savings:
$90; 700 pounds CO2
Set your thermostat down a few
degrees in the winter
Annual savings:
$135; 1400 pounds CO2
Wash clothes in cold water only
Annual savings:
$70; 500 pounds CO2
Drive JUST 10 fewer miles per week
Annual savings:
$80; 520 pounds CO2
Reduce your garbage by 10%
through greater recycling or
reduced packaging
Annual savings:
1200 pounds CO2
Caulk and weather-strip around
doors and windows
Annual savings:
$80; 650 pounds CO2
* These are mid-range estimates from
published sources; your savings may vary.

35. Top 10 Things We can do to stop
Global Warming
• 10.Plant a couple of additional trees around your
home.CO2 reduction = 20 lbs/year
• 9.Use a push mower to cut your lawn instead of a
power mower.CO2 reduction = 80 lbs/year
• 8.Replace your home’s refrigerator with a high-
efficiency model.CO2 reduction = 220 lbs/year
• 7.Buy food or other products with reusable or
recyclable packaging instead of non-recyclable
packaging.CO2 reduction=230 lbs/year
• 6.Replace your washing machine with a low-energy,
low-water-use machine.CO2 reduction = 440
lbs/year

36. Top 10 Things We can do to stop
Global Warming
• 5. Install a solar thermal system to help provide your
hot water.CO2 reduction = 720 lbs/year
• 4. Recycle all of your homes waste: newsprint,
cardboard, glass and metal.CO2 reduction = 850
lbs/year
• 3.Leave your car at home two days a week (walk, bike
or take public transportation to work instead).CO2
reduction = 1,590 lbs/year
• 2. Insulate your home, tune up your furnace, and
install energy efficient shower heads.CO2 reductions
= 2,480 lbs/year
• 1.Purchase a fuel efficient car (rated up to 32 mpg or
more) to replace your most frequently used
automobile.

37. THANK YOU