kesehatan

1. Why is the issue of fatigue important
within the mining and metals sector ?
Ian Dunican MBA, Grad Cert Mine Eng, BA (Ed), Adv Dip OHS
PhD candidate :Monash University, School of Medicine, Nursing & Health Science
Member of the Australian Sleep Association
Research Associate Harvard Medical School
Research Associate Brigham Women's Hospital
Global Principal Adviser –Fatigue /Human
Performance
Global HSEC Practice, Rio Tinto
Based: Perth, Western Australia
Contact +61 409 680 867 ian.dunican@riotinto.com

2. © 2012, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Contents
•Current situation across the industry for managing fatigue
• Incident investigation and data
• Mining technologies
• Quantification and Design
• Culture and People
• Managing fatigue
•Current challenges within the industry
•Proposed direction for the industry
•Research areas
•Useful resources in Australia and improvements

3. © 2012, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Data and Incident investigation
•Lack of data within the industry
•The relationship between shiftwork and fatigue/sleepiness.
Maintenance of peak performance is time-limited and is compromised at night. There is considerable
evidence that incidents/accidents will be more likely to occur between 3am and 6am in the morning –
corresponding with the low point in the circadian cycle
•Fatigue Accident Causation Testing System –FACTS(Circadian)
• Fatigue and Accidents in Iranian Industrial Mining Workers
Gholam Hossein HALVANI1), Mohsen ZARE1), Seyed Jalil MIRMOHAMMADI2) "The Relation
between Shift Work, Sleepiness, Fatigue and Accidents in Iranian Industrial Mining Group Workers."
Industrial Health 47, no. 2 (2009): 134-38
•There has been observed incident hotspots
(Mine ops >Load and Haul>Haul >shiftwork>12 hrs + >BMI)

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Mining technologies
DSS
•The Driver State Sensor (DSS) Fatigue Monitoring system is a unique and non-intrusive
driver awareness and fatigue warning tool.
•The system is a passive monitoring device which is self calibrating and requires no
interaction by the equipment operator
ASTID
•Gyroscope mounted to the steering mechanism
of the haul truck.
•ASTID is a predictive model that was developed
by Ian Thomas in conjunction with Professor Jim Horne
SmartCap
•Developed as part of the Mining CRC in partnership with Anglo American mining company
•Smart Cap technology measures EEG via the receptors within an individual. This is similar to
what happens within a sleep laboratory .
•Smart Cap by nature utilises the highly reliable method of reading “brain waves” which has
been responsible for the increase in sleep science research
ASTiD System

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Quantification and Design
The use of bio mathematical modelling is not widely employed across the industry .There
is examples of their use in different mining businesses. Highly recommended roster
analysis and modelling programs are;
• FAIDs –Dr Adam Fletcher
• FAST –Dr Steve Hursh (Pat Byrne)
• CAS –Dr Martin Moore Ede(Mark Holmes)
Roster modelling is used extensively across
the rail and aviation
Wrist-worn actigraphy devices that permits the accurate characterisation of sleep quality,
sleep quantity, and sleep/wake timing without the requirement to undergo complicated
polysomnographic procedures.
This can aid the mining industry to collect objective data to understand
the nature of the risk and support appropriate strategies to manage
critical business risk

6. © 2012, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Culture and people in HSEC
•Historically fatigue has been seen as a process of “Toughen Up” and time in the industry.
•Differing controls and expectations within the industry –Operators –Middle Management and
Executive
•Corporate activities such as
teleconferences ,globalisation,
travel and business decisions
•Fatigue training and education is delivered in many modes –WBT,FTF
•There is examples of broader health and safety development

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Management and Measurement
• Action plans – Historically largely aligned to the Fatigue management guidelines
developed by the Minerals Council of Australia and compliance with local legislation.
• KPIS and metrics – most businesses are struggling with the right mix of leading and
lagging indicators to measure effectiveness of fatigue risk management systems
5 Levels of Fatigue Management Model (endorsed by Prof Drew Dawson)

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Current Challenges
•Regional differences in each continent
• Legislation ,policy
• Regional health observations
• Sleeping environments
•Growth in developing countries
• Ramadan
• Language
• Religion
• Sleeping Environment
These factors affect the health and wellbeing of our
employees and the industry's ability to safely produce
saleable ore product on time

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Current Challenges
•Resourcing – largely rely on external consultants to provide Subject Matter Expert
(SME) input into fatigue risk management
•Capability – limited internally
•Growth – Alignment between contractor
fatigue management systems and employer
fatigue management systems can be challenging

10. © 2012, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Proposed direction for fatigue in Mining
• Engage with regulators re importance of FRMS and not hours of work
• Engage line management re FRMS and productivity – that is productivity gains can occur
through doing this well , to counter concerns re doing this will impact the bottom line. How
do we demonstrate this?
• Develop metrics to demonstrate effectiveness of FRMS across HSE, HR,Production and
Financial disciplines
• Management of medical conditions relating to fatigue such as sleeping
disorders(Narcolepsy, Insomnia, RLS, PLMDS, Sleep Apnea etc )Body Mass Index (BMI)
and its effect on the workforce
• Need for materials in Spanish for Latin and Central America and Portuguese for African
and Latin American countries.

11. © 2012, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Research Focus
• Independent evaluation of in the field effectiveness of current suite of technology and
integration with FRMS
• Effective identification and evaluation of those workers at higher risk of suffering from
fatigue
• Work with core group of incident investigators – e.g. Taproot, ICAM, etc to improve the
methodology for identifying the potential that fatigue contributed to an incident
• The effects of alcohol consumption and behaviour needs to more understood and
quantified in relation to the effect on sleep quantity ,quality and performance. Target
suggested areas are fly in fly out(FIFO) and international travel.
• A recent study Mental Health and the NSW Minerals Industry by the University of
Newcastle & Hunter Institute of Mental health highlights the prevalence of mental health
issues within the NSW mining industry(5 in 20)

12. © 2012, Rio Tinto, All Rights Reserved
Useful resources in Australia and improvements
Australian Sleep Association –SIG Focused on
Occupational health and Performance in
Industry
http://www.sleep.org.au/
Fatigue Management Global Community –
Mining ,Oil and Gas
http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Fatigue-
Management-Global-Community-Mining-
3996631?trk=myg_ugrp_ovr
Fatigue in the Mining industry ,improvement
work -Interested companies ???