1. From Static to Semantic in Three Big Steps
THE EVOLUTION OF THE WEB
2. WHAT IS THE WORLD WIDE WEB?
• Web Documents and Apps
• Linked by hyperlinks
• Only one of many things running on the Internet
• Think:
Internet=Hardware
World Wide Web=Software
3. WEB 1.0 (CONTINUED)
• STATIC
• BROADCAST model
• Weak standards
• Primitive layout and design
• Lots of page loads
4. WEB 2.0
• Harnesses the power of users
• Web pages run DYNAMICALLY
• Authors don’t need to know HTML
5. WEB 2.0 (DHTML)
• A software platform.
• Dynamic HTML (DHTML) made up of
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Scripting languages
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
• related technologies (AJAX, Flash, jQuery)
7. WEB 2.0 AND SOCIAL MEDIA
• Web 2.0 is PARTICIPATORY
• Information is CROWDSOURCED
• Projects are COLLABORATIVE
• User centered tools and design
8. WEB 3.0
• Web 3.0 is the next step in Web evolution
• Web 3.0 is only partially realized
• There are two main components of Web 3.0:
1. Personalization of the Web
2. The “Semantic Web”
9. WEB 3.0 (THE PERSONALIZED WEB)
• The personalized Web retains information about you.
• This information may come from searches or social
media.
• May be used to:
• Customize searches
• Deliver social updates
10. WEB 3.0 (THE PERSONALIZED WEB)
• Individual accounts can customize the look and
functionality of tools.
• However, this raises privacy concerns.
• Does personalization reduce the usefulness of
information channels?
• Is showing us what we might want to see the same
as showing us what we need to see?
11. WEB 3.0 (THE PERSONALIZED WEB)
• Application Programming Interfaces (API)
• Allow “mashups”
• Some popular mashups include translators and
mapping tools
• Mashups use some elements of the
personalized web and some elements of the
semantic web
12. WEB 3.0 (THE SEMANTIC WEB)
• The current Web isn’t really made to be understood by
computers
• Most information retrieval and storage is now
performed by mechanical agency
• The “Semantic Web” is about making the World Wide
Web MACHINE SEMANTIC
• RESULT: BETTER INTEROPERABILITY IN WEB
SERVICES
13. WEB 3.0 (THE SEMANTIC WEB)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Home - M & F Auto Sales Albuquerque New Mexico 87120</title>
• The HTML tags tell the browser what part of the page is what.
• What about markup:
• telling software that this site sells cars?
• Or who the page author is?
14. WEB 3.0 (THE SEMANTIC WEB)
• The <META> HTML tag is designed to add
Metadata to page markup
<meta id="ctl00_metakeywords" name="keywords" content="CROSS COUNTRY AUTO
SALES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM,87110,Used Cars, Used Trucks, Cars, Trucks, Cars for sale,Carsforsale.com,Vans,
New Cars, Used Cars For Sale" /><meta id="ctl00_metadescription" name="description" content="Thank you for
visiting CROSS COUNTRY AUTO SALES of ALBUQUERQUE, NM, powered by Carsforsale.com. Quality used
cars and trucks. Check out our inventory and contact us if you have any questions." /><meta name="robots"
content="index,follow" />
• Can you spot the problem here?
15. WEB 3.0 (THE SEMANTIC WEB)
• <meta id="ctl00_metakeywords"
name="keywords”
• These are still just keywords
• <META> tags have been abused so much that
most search engines won’t use them.
• <META> tags are best used with a schema, like
Dublin Core.
16. WEB 3.0 (XML)
• eXtensible Markup Language (XML) can be
used for Machine Semantic markup
• Designed to be Human and Machine Semantic.
• Uses tags that look like HTML tags
• Can be used with a particular schema
17. WEB 3.0 (XML CONTINUED)
• A special framework used in XML (and other places) is
the Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• Designed for any resource that can have a URI
• RDF can be used with metadata schemas like Dublin
Core
• Ontologies can be created using the Web Ontology
Language (OWL)
18. WEB 3.0 (OTHER SEMANTIC WEB IMPLEMENTATIONS)
• RDFa (RDF integrated into
XHTML)
• Silk
19. WEB 3.0 (OTHER TYPES OF SOLUTION)
• There have been many related efforts to improve
Web searchability
• Folksonomies
• Tagging/Tag Clouds
20. HOW CAN LIBRARIES ENGAGE WEB 3.0?
• MASHUPS
• RICH, DESCRIPTIVE METADATA
• BE PART OF THE CONVERSATION
• PATRON EDUCATION
21. WEB 3.0 (WHY DOES IT MATTER TO US?)
• Librarians have been using many of these tools
for a long time
• Semantic tools will make the web more useful to
information professionals
• Web development may drive improvements to
other information tools
22. WEB 3.0 (REMAINING PROBLEMS)
• It is difficult to get web authors to use
semantic markup
• Potential of abuse by end-users
• Poor or inaccurate tag assignment by
well-meaning web authors
23. WEB 3.0 (SOLUTIONS PROPOSED BY THIS PRESENTER)
• Automated production of Web
metadata.
• Off-site, machine-writable indexes out
of user control.
• Applying principles of Emergence to
metadata.
24. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
• http://www.programmableweb.com/howto(learn to create mashups)
• http://www.dublincore.org/ (create rich metadata using the OCLC Dublin Core schema)
• http://folksonomiesinaction.blogspot.com/ (the effort at one library to use tagging and a
folksonomy to organize content that was hard to catalog)
• http://www.w3schools.com/xml/default.asp (W3Schools XML tutorial. Site also has RDF
tutorial, although it is designed around an XML implementation)
• http://www.silkapp.com/ (Create semantically described sites with Silk)
General Information about the Semantic Web
• http://www.altova.com/semantic_web.html
• http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
• http://www.thefigtrees.net/lee/sw/sciam/semantic-web-in-action
25.
26. JASON BENGTSON, MLIS, AHIP
Emerging Technologies/ R&D Librarian
University of New Mexico
HSLIC
MSC09 5100
Tel: (505) 272-0645
Email: JBengtson@salud.unm.edu
Faculty Web Page:
http://hsc.unm.edu/library/faculty/Bengtson.html
