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With one lesson, you will have equipped your students with enough instruction to prevent this potentially devasting disease while it is curable.
2. OBJECTIVES
Ø UPDATE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF MELANOMA
Ø ENABLE YOU TO:
u PRESENT SHORT MELANOMA LESSON TO STUDENTS
u ANSWER STUDENT QUESTIONS
THIS VIDEO IS FOR:
* HIGH SCHOOL & MIDDLE SCHOOL HEALTH & PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS
* NURSING & ALLIED HEALTH INSTRUCTORS
* INSTRUCTORS IN HEALTH-RELATED PROFESSIONS
3. OVERVIEW
Ø YOUNG LIVES LOST TO MELANOMA
Ø COMPARISON OF COMMON SKIN CANCERS
Ø MELANOMA
INCIDENCE STATISTICS RISK FACTORS WARNING SIGNS
Ø ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
SUN AND TANNING BEDS SUN PROTECTION SUNLESS TANNING
Ø WHY STUDENTS DON’T KNOW ABOUT MELANOMA
Ø MELANOMA LESSON SUMMARY
21. SKIN CANCER COMPARISON
TYPE ONSET AGE SERIOUSNESS
BODY
LOCATION
MORE IN
SUNBELT?
BASAL CELL
CARCINOMA
USUALLY 40s
OR OLDER
SELDOM FATAL
HEAVILY SUN-
EXPOSED
AREAS
YES
SQUAMOUS
CELL
CARCINOMA
USUALLY 40s
OR OLDER
SOMETIMES
FATAL
HEAVILY SUN-
EXPOSED
AREAS
YES
MELANOMA 12 OR OLDER
FATAL IF NOT
FOUND EARLY
EXPOSED OR
UNEXPOSED
NO
22. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
Ø RAISED WAXY NODULE
Ø OFTEN CRATERED
Ø SLOW GROWING, SELDOM FATAL
Ø DELAYED TREATMENT MAY NECESSITATE
LOCALLY DISFIGURING SURGERY
23. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Ø SLIGHTLY RAISED RED PATCH THAT
IS ROUGH, DRY, SCALY AND BLEEDS
OR SCABS
Ø DEVELOPS FROM ACTINIC KERATOSIS
Ø MAY SPREAD INTERNALLY & BECOME
FATAL IF UNTREATED
Ø GROWS RAPIDLY WHEN ON LIPS
24. U.S. MELANOMA STATISTICS
Ø NEW MELANOMA DEATH EVERY HOUR
Ø 25% OF NEW PATIENTS UNDER AGE 40
Ø MOST PREVALENT CANCER IN 25 – 29 AGE GROUP
Ø 2nd TO BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN UNDER 39
Ø INCREASING AT EPIDEMIC RATE
HIV MELANOMA
56,000
192,310
2019 PROJECTIONS
25. MORE BAD NEWS ABOUT MELANOMA
Ø VULNERABILITY INCREASES THROUGHOUT LIFE
Ø STRIKES REGARDLESS OF HEALTH, PHYSICAL CONDITION,
OR COMPLEXION
Ø NO FAMILY HISTORY IN 90% OF NEW CASES
Ø USUALLY NO SYMPTOMS EXCEPT VISUAL UNTIL TOO LATE
Ø INCURABLE WHEN IT SPREADS TO INTERNAL ORGANS
26. ARE THERE ANY REDEEMING FEATURES?
Ø EASIEST CANCER TO SELF-DETECT EARLY
Ø NEARLY GUARANTEED CURABLE WHEN FOUND EARLY
Ø REMOVAL IS PAINLESS, QUICK, DONE IN DOCTOR’S OFFICE
USING LOCAL ANESTHETIC
Ø NO CHEMOTHERAPY OR RADIATION NEEDED
WHEN REMOVED AT EARLY STAGE
27. MELANOMA RISK FACTORS
Ø INHERITED
u 50 OR MORE MOLES
u LARGE OR IRREGULAR SHAPE MOLES
u RED OR BLOND HAIR, FRECKLES, LIGHT COLOR EYES, FAIR SKIN
u FAMILY OR PERSONAL HISTORY OF ANY SKIN CANCER
Ø CONTROLLABLE
u BLISTERING SUNBURN(S) UNDER AGE 20
u EXPOSING NORMALLY COVERED SKIN TO STRONG SUN
u REGULAR TANNING BED USE
Ø AVERAGE LIFETIME RISKS
o WHITES: 1 in 44 o ASIANS: 1 in 800
o HISPANICS & LATINOS: 1 in 250 o BLACKS: 1 in 1100
o NATIVE AMERICANS: 1 in 300
29. NORMAL AND ATYPICAL MOLES
ATYPICAL MOLES HAVE ONE OR MORE: irregular
shape, fuzzy borders, nonuniform shades,
fried egg surface, > 1/4 wide
NORMAL MOLES: sharp borders,
uniform color, < 1/4 wide
30. MORE ABOUT MOLES
Ø RISK OF MELANOMA IN NORMAL MOLE < 1/3000
Ø RISK OF MELANOMA IN ATYPICAL MOLE ~ 1/100
Ø MELANOMA MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP IN FLAT OR
SLIGHTLY RAISED MOLE THAN IN FULLY RAISED MOLE
Ø MELANOMA CAN DEVELOP IN A MOLE YOU’VE HAD
FOR A LONG TIME
Ø MOLES WITH HAIR DO NOT POSE HIGHER RISK
31. WARNING SIGNS OF MELANOMA
Ø CHANGE IN A MOLE OR OTHER SKIN LESION
SIZE, COLOR, SHAPE, SURFACE, OR THICKNESS
Ø A NEW MOLE OR GROWTH THAT APPEARS SUDDENLY
Ø DON’T WAIT FOR ITCHING, BLEEDING, ULCERATION
32. TYPES OF MELANOMA
Ø RADIAL
u GROW IN DIAMETER AT FIRST
u OFTEN LOOK UNUSUAL - EASY TO DETECT
u ~ 80% OF ADULT MELANOMAS
Ø NODULAR
u GROW PRIMARILY DOWNWARD
u MORE DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE, MAY LOOK INNOCENT
u ~ 50% OF CHILD, TEEN, AND ADOLESCENT MELANOMAS
u DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGH FATALTIES IN ALL AGE GROUPS
33. PHOTOS OF RADIAL MELANOMAS
Ø TWO DIMENSIONAL GROWTH AT FIRST
Ø EXHIBIT TWO OR MORE “ABCD” PROPERTIES
A - ASYMMETRY: ONE HALF UNLIKE OTHER HALF
B - BORDER: UNEVEN, NOTCHED
C – COLOR: MULTIPLE COLORS AND/OR SHADES
D – DIAMETER: GREATER THAN ¼”
34. VERTICAL GROWTH PHASE
Ø ALL MELANOMAS EVENTUALLY GROW VERTICALLY
(MOSTLY DOWNWARD)
Ø DOWNWARD GROWTH ACCOMPANIED BY SURFACE BUMPS
OR ELEVATION
Ø VERTICAL GROWTH IS MOST DANGEROUS PHASE
Ø TIME BEFORE VERTICAL GROWTH BEGINS DEPENDS
ON TYPE OF MELANOMA
39. NODULAR MELANOMAS
Ø MOST DANGEROUS TYPE
Ø NO RADIAL GROWTH OR ABCD SIGNS
Ø OFTEN START IN CLEAR SKIN
Ø APPEARANCE & COLOR MAY LOOK INNOCENT
Ø WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY MAY ONLY BE 3 MONTHS
Ø EXHIBIT ALL 3 “EFG” SIGNS:
E ELEVATED
F FIRM TO TOUCH
G GROWING MORE THAN 2 WEEKS
41. COMMON MELANOMA LOCATIONS
IN WHITE POPULATION
IN HISPANIC, ASIAN, AND BLACK POPULATIONS
FEET: SOLES, TOES, UNDER NAILS
HANDS: PALMS, FINGERS, UNDER NAILS
42. HOW TO CHECK YOUR SKIN
Ø Use wall mirror, hand mirror w/long
handle, hairbrush or dryer, flashlight.
Ø Be thorough: check head to toes, front,
back, sides, scalp.
Ø Have family member check back and scalp
if necessary.
CHECK ONCE EVERY MONTH
46. A TAN TO DIE FOR
Ø UVA INTENSITY OF TANNING BEDS
IS 10 – 13 TIMES STRONGER THAN
FROM SUN
Ø TANNING BED UVB INTENSITY
SAME AS SUN UVB
Ø EVERY TANNING BED SESSION
UNDER AGE 35 INCREASES
MELANOMA RISK BY 22%
Ø TANNING BED USE 10 OR MORE
TIMES PER YEAR UNDER AGE 30
INCREASES MELANOMA RISK 8X
47. SUNLESS TANNERS
Ø THE ONLY SAFE WAY TO TAN
Ø DYES DEAD SKIN ONLY
Ø OPTIONS
u OVER THE COUNTER PRODUCTS
u SPRAY BOOTHS
u CUSTOM AIRBRUSH
Ø TO AVOID ORANGE COLOR DON’T USE
DARK TANNER ON LIGHT SKIN
Ø WWW.SUNLESS.COM HAS DETAILED INFO.
Before sunless tanning
After sunless tanning
48. SUN PROTECTION OPTIONS
Ø SUNSCREEN W/BROAD SPECTRUM PROTECTION, SPF ≥ 30
u ZINC OXIDE PROTECTS AGAINST UVA & UVB
u USE SUNBLOCK STICK ON LIPS, NOSE, TOPS OF EARS
Ø PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
u HAT W/WIDE BRIM
u SUNGLASSES W/”100% UV PROTECTION”
u SUN-PROTECTIVE SWIMWEAR
Ø MINIMIZE EXPOSURE 10 AM – 4 PM
u STAY IN SHADE WHEN POSSIBLE
Ø PROTECT AGAINST REFLECTED UV
u FROM SAND, WATER, HAZE, SNOW, LIGHT BUILDINGS
( CLOUDS & COLD TEMPERATURES DON’T PROTECT AGAINST UV )
49. SUNSCREEN APPLICATION: GETTING IT RIGHT
Ø SPF RATING MEANINGLESS UNLESS APPIED HEAVILY
Ø NEARLY ALL USERS UNDER-APPLY, USING 25-50% OF REQ’D AMOUNT
Ø TRUE RATING OF SPF 100 SUNSCREEN APPLIED AT 25% IS SPF 3
Ø SUPPOSE YOU’RE IN A SWIMSUIT AT A BEACH OR POOL:
u HOLD OUT YOUR HAND AND CUP IT AS DEEPLY AS YOU CAN
u PRETEND YOU’RE FILLING IT WITH SUNSCREEN
Ø AVERAGE ADULT IN SWIMSUIT SHOULD APPLY ENTIRE 6 OZ
CONTAINER OF SUNSCREEN IN FULL DAY AT BEACH/POOL
APPLY FULLY CUPPED HANDFUL
• EVERY TWO HOURS
• AFTER TOWEL DRYING
• AFTER SWIMMING
• WHEN PERSPIRING HEAVILY
50. VITAMIN D
Dehydrocholesterol (in skin of all mammals)
Vitamin D3
UVB from sun exposure
Hydroxyvitamin D3
Liver Enzyme
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Biologically Active)
Kidney Enzyme
Supplements
51. STUDENT PERCEPTIONS & BEHAVIOR
Ø MOST BELIEVE
u SKIN CANCER NOT A BIG DEAL
u HAPPENS TO OLDER PEOPLE
u TANNING BEDS ARE SAFE
Ø DATA FROM NURSES CHILDREN STUDY (1999, ALL 50 STATES)
u 2/3 OF 12 – 18 YEAR OLDS NEVER USE SUNSCREEN
u 80% HAD AT LEAST ONE BAD SUNBURN IN SUMMER
Ø 2012 SLOAN-KETTERING STUDY: 50% DECREASE IN SUNSCREEN
USE FROM ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TO MIDDLE SCHOOL
Ø 2013 PUBLICATION FROM CDC: 44% OF AGE 18 WHITE FEMALES
USED INDOOR UV TANNING IN PAST YEAR
52. PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION “SYSTEM”
HEALTH
KNOWLEDGE
PARENTS
NON-PROFIT
HEALTH
ORGANIZATIONS
SCHOOLS &
COLLEGES
PRIMARY CARE
PHYSICIANS
MEDIA GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES
53. WHY ARE YOUNG PEOPLE UNINFORMED ABOUT MELANOMA?
Ø LACK OF PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE
Ø NOT TAUGHT EFFECTIVELY IN MOST SCHOOLS
Ø PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIANS
u LITTLE OR NO DERMATOLOGY TRAINING
u MOST DON’T CONDUCT COMPLETE SKIN EXAMS
OR EDUCATE PATIENTS
Ø LIMITED MEDIA ATTENTION
Ø NO ACTIVE OUTREACH BY GOV’T AGENCIES
AND LARGE NON-PROFITS
54. PRIMARY FOCUS OPTIONS FOR EDUCATING TEENS
ABOUT SKIN CANCER
Ø SUN PROTECTION (NOT!)
u NUMEROUS STUDIES AND SURVEYS PROVE INNEFECTIVENESS
u DOESN’T ADDRESS THE 30% OF MELANOMAS NOT CAUSED BY UV
Ø MELANOMA AWARENESS
u TEACHES STUDENTS WHAT MELANOMA IS ALL ABOUT
u THEY UNDERSTAND HOW DEADLY IT IS AND CAN HAPPEN TO THEM
u STUDENTS LIKELY TO TAKE UV PROTECTION MORE SERIOUSLY
55. STUDENT VIDEOS: THE HEART OF THE LESSON
Ø MIDDLE SCHOOL (23 MINUTES, 2008)
u “SHOULD’VE, COULD’VE, WOULD’VE”
• EXPERIENCES OF 3 YOUNG MELANOMA SURVIVORS
Ø HIGH SCHOOL (16 MINUTES, 2008)
u “MY MELANOMA VLOG”
• HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT ATTENDS HEALTH FAIR, GETS SCARED
ABOUT MELANOMA, SEARCHES FOR MORE INFORMATION
ONLINE AND SHARES WHAT SHE LEARNED
Ø MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIGH VIDEOS COMPETELY DIFFERENT
Ø AAD GOLD TRIANGLE AWARD WINNERS (2009)
Ø 3 – MINUTE PREVIEWS AT MELANOMAEDUCATION.NET
56. CLASSROOM LESSON PLAN OUTLINE
Ø START BY ASKING HOW MANY:
u HAVE HAD BAD SUNBURN?
u USE TANNING BEDS?
u HAVE SKIN CANCER FAMILY HISTORY?
Ø SHOW STUDENT VIDEO
Ø FOLLOW-UP DISCUSSION: DID VIDEO AFFECT ATTITUDES?
Ø SHOW “SEE SPOT” DOCUMENT AND GO OVER W/STUDENTS
u PROVIDE DOWNLOAD INFORMATION
(melanomaeducation.net/seespot.pdf)
Ø HOMEWORK
u TEACH FAMILY ABOUT MELANOMA USING “SEE SPOT” DOC.
u STUDENT RETURNS PARENTAL-SIGNED CONFIRMATION PAGE
58. HOW TO ACCESS LESSON RESOURCES
Ø LOG IN OR REGISTER AT MELANOMAEDUCATION.NET
Ø FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS TO ACCESS STUDENT VIDEOS
Ø DOWNLOADABLE TEACHER-RESOURCES AVAILABLE
WITHOUT REGISTERING OR LOGGING IN:
u Slides from this presentation
u Latest lesson plan
u How to do a self-skin exam
u What to do if a suspicious lesion is found
u Dangers of tanning beds