Parameters for drive test

1.  1. Nemo Drive Test on 2G/3G Networks Toha Ardi Nugraha Trainer at Expert Coaching Clinic
 2. Network Optimization Process
 3. Reason of Drive Test?1. Network Performance Monitoring2. Maintenance3. Benchmarking4.
Customer Complains
 4. • Module 1 : Overview 3G System (1 hour)• Module 2 : Drive Test Concept (1,5 hour)• Module
3 : Drive Test on Field (2,5 hour)• Module 4 : Reporting (2 hour)• Module 5 : Analysis (2 hour)
 5. Module 1OVERVIEW 3G SYSTEM
 6. Data Transmission
 7. GSM & UMTS Evolution
 8. 3G/UMTS Architectures (Migration)
 9. Specification of GSM• Frequency band : Uplink 890 – 915 Mhz Downlink 935 – 960 Mhz•
Duplex spacing : 45 Mhz• Carrier spacing : 200 khz• Modulation : GMSK• Access method : FDMA
/ TDMA
 10. GSM network Architecture (cont’d)• 3 Subsystem in GSM network - BSS (Base Station
Subsystem) - NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem) - OSS/OMC (Operating and Support
system or Operating and Maintenance Centre)
 11. GSM network Architecture (cont’d)BSS (Base Station SubSystem)• BTS (Base Transceiver
Station) - Radio equipment - To transmit and Receive signal to MS - Defined a Cell coverage
depend on the power transmit• BSC (Base Station Controller) - RRM for several BTS - Handover
management• TRAU - Rate adaption
 12. GSM network Architecture (cont’d)NSS (Network and Switching Sub System)• MSC (Mobile
Switching Centre)• HLR (Home Location Register)• VLR (Visitor Location Register)• AuC
(Authentication Center)
 13. GSM network Architecture (cont’d)Operation and Support System• Control and Monitor the
Network - NMC (Network Management Centre) - Some OMC are controlled by NMC - OMC
(Operation and Maintenance Centre)
 14. GSM Frequency Bands Frequency Band GSM type Uplink (UL) Downlink (DL)GSM 900 890-
915 Mhz 935-960 MhzGSM 1800 (DCS 1800) 1710-1785 Mhz 1805-1880 MhzGSM 1900 (PCS
1900) 1850-1910 Mhz 1930-1990 Mhz
 15. GSM Channelization• Physical Channel – 200 Khz (Frequency Carrier) consist of 8 TS•
Logical Channel – Control Channel – Traffic Channel Control Traffic Channel Channel
 16. GSM channelization (Cont’d) Logical channel Chontrol Traffic Channel Channel Common
DedicatedBroadcast Control Control Full Rate Half rate channel Channel Channel
 17. 3G/UMTS Concept• WCDMA Concept• UMTS Architecture• Channelization• Handover
 18. WCDMA - Wideband CDMA• Radio access technology for one of the UMTS access modes
(UTRA FDD) using 5 MHz duplex channels. – Frame length is of 10 msec, Chip rate is 3.84 Mcps
– All users share the same frequency and time domain – Users separated by the codes
 19. UMTS Radio Frequency Ranges• FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)• TDD (Time Division
Duplex)

2.  20. Channelization in UMTS• Logical Channel between RLC and MAC – Specific for information
types – What type of data to be transferred• Transport channel between MAC and PHY – Specific
for “how to transfer information?” (quality guarantee) – How and with which type of characteristic
the data is transferred by the Physical Layer• Physical Channel – Exact Physical characteristics
of the radio channel
 21. WCDMA Channel (Cont.s)• Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth• Spreading
includes two operations – Channelization (increases signal bandwidth) • Orthogonal Spreading –
Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) • Use pseudo-noise codes
 22. Handover Concept BSC Handover Req Handover Acknowledge Request Handover Req
Handover Req Acknowledge Acknowledge Handover Handover command Complete Handover
Request Posisi 2Site B Posisi 1 Site A Posisi 3
 23. Handover: Types (2G)• Intracell handover – MS moves from one sector to another sector
within same cell• IntraBSC handover – MS moves from cell to another cell within same BSC•
IntraMSC handover – MS moves from cell to another cell from different BSC within same MSC•
InterMSC handover – MS moves from cell to another cell from different BSC and different MSC
 24. Handover: Types (3G)• Intra-System handovers – Intra-frequency handovers • Soft, Softer –
Inter-frequency handovers • Hard• Inter-System handovers – Handover between WCDMA <>
GSM (Hard) – Handover between WCDMA/FDD <> TDD (Hard)
 25. Pilots SetThe handset considers pilots in sets – Active : pilot of sector actually in use –
Candidate : pilots mobile requested, but not yet set up & transmitting by system – Neighbors:
pilots told t mobile by system, as nearby sectors to check – Remaining: any pilots used by system
but not already in the other sets
 26. Soft Handover Algorithm T T TMeasurement Quantity CPICH 1 As_Th + As_Th_Hyst
AS_Th – AS_Th_Hyst As_Rep_Hyst CPICH 2 CPICH 3 Time Event 1A Event 1C  Event 1B 
Cell 1 Connected  Add Cell 2 Replace Cell 1 with Cell 3 Remove Cell 3
 27. Module 2DRIVE TEST CONCEPT
 28. Network Environment• UMTS Drive Test is testing and measuring performance of 3G/UMTS
network.• Tools : 1. Software Nemo Outdoor 2. PC laptop 3. GPS 4. Scanner
 29. Reason of Drive Test?• Network Performance Monitoring• Maintenance• Benchmarking•
Customer Complains
 30. Continuous Drive Test• Drive Test (outdoor) – GPS• Walk Test (indoor) – Pin point/way point
 31. Analyze Data Collection• Analyze data that was collected before (from Log files)• To know
some problems in current area
 32. Reporting• To Answer Analyze Data Collection (Objective Answer)• Optimization
Consideration• Recommendation
 33. Parameters DT GSM1. Rx Level2. Rx Qual3. SQI4. Cell Id, BSIC5. TA (Timing Advance)6.
ARFCN, etc
 34. Parameters DT UMTS• UARFCN (UMTS Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number)•
RSCP (Receive Signal Code Power)• RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator)• SC (Scrambling
Code)• Ec/No• UE TxPower (dBm)• Throughput• BER, etc
 35. Open Device Manager• Step 1: Start >“Settings”> “Control Panel” > “System”Or “My
Computer” > “Manage” > “Device Manager” • Step 2: Choose “Hardware” Tab in System
Properties > Click “Device Manager”.

3.  36. Open Device Manager• Step 3 :• Look port to conect hardware (Modem)• Scanner/GPS &
Check COM Ports
 37. Connect UE & Check COM Ports• Double click the “3G Modem” to check Trace port number
> Check under “Modem” Tab.• For UE Modem: – In device manager view:
 38. Start Nemo Outdoor 5.07 and Load Workspace• Make sure the Nemo dongle is connected to
the laptop.• Launch Nemo Outdoor 5.07.• Load the desired workspace.• Workspace should
contains adequate information for the user to monitor.• Different workspace should be created for
different setup configuration.• Nemo workspace are stored proper folder for easy access, eg.
C:Nemo ToolsNemo OutdoorWorkspaces
 39. Running ProgramStart >Program Files > Nemo Tools > Nemo Outdoor 5• Workspace•
Details• Device Configuration• Load a measurement
 40. User Interface Nemo Outdoor 5 Device graph Worksheet
 41. Load Workspace• Step 3: Browse to Nemo Workspace Folder -> Select “workspace” > Click
“Open”.
 42. Create Workspace• Parameter
 43. Add Devices• Step 1: Go to “Measurement” workspace > “Add New Device”.• Step 2: Click
the “Configuration” part > “Trace port” and “Modem port”
 44. Nemo Interface• Map Interface – Open map (.tab)• Nemo logfiles and other files are stored
proper folder for easy access, eg. C:Nemo ToolsResults (.nmf)
 45. Module 3DRIVE TEST ON FIELD (OUTDOOR)
 46. Module 4REPORTING
 47. Map Info• Exporting from Nemo Outdoor – Select Parameters• Reporting KPI with Map Info•
Layer Control – Symbol• Create Thematic Map• Define Network Performance• Open Table
 48. Export to Map Info
 49. Select Parameters
 50. Report KPI With Mapinfo• KPI (Key Performance Indicator) : key to detemaint Network
performance. like as , RSCP, Ec/No, etc• Mapinfo is Software for loading and mapping
geogharphic analysis • File > open file (chose file extention .tab) • Ex : bandung.tap • Used Layer
control
 51. Open Log files • Example file (.tab)
 52. Layer Control• Command: – View – Edit
 53. Create Symbol
 54. Create Thematic Map
 55. Create Thematic Map (Cont.s)
 56. Create Thematic Map (Cont.s)
 57. Reporting with Map Info
 58. Open Table

4.  59. Module 4ANALYSIS (TUNING THE NETWORK)
 60. UMTS Optimization• 3 Mayor Steps in Optimizing Network• UMTS performance indicator•
Problem Signature• Tuning network – Specific Neighbor list – Managing excessive soft handoff
 61. 3 Mayor Steps in Optimizing Network• RF optimization is the process of measuring,•
analyzing, and tuning and existing network to meet network performance criteria• It usually
occurs after the network planning is completed• It can be performed frequently to respond: –
Changes or growth in the network – Customer complaints such as coverage, dropped call etc. –
The need to improve capacity.
 62. UMTS Performance IndicatorKPI Target : – RSCP (good > -85 dBm) – Ec/No ( > -8 dB) –
BER (98%) – Analyze Pilot Pollution Area – Drop Call Rate (DCR) – HSR (Handover Success
Rate) – Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR)
 63. Problem Signature• Missing Neighbor or No Neighbors defined for Site. (Database)• Poor
Coverage Area.• Pilot Pollution Area
 64. Poor Coverage Area• Test mobile measurements• Antenna configuration check• Verification
of RF network design• Propagation model verification• Link budget analysis
 65. Improving coverage– Cell spliting, Sectorisation • Difficult , Expensive • Primarily used for
capacity enhancement– Overlaid cell structure • Micro- and picocells • Cellular repeaters RNC
Node B Node B Node B Node B
 66. Pilot Pollution• Active set UE > 3 and in range 5 dB or approximately 3 dB from the biggest
active set.• Reduce system performance,
 67. Antenna Fine Tuning• Horizontal plane – Possible coverage weakness between sector –
Interference reduction – Traffic load distribution• Vertical Plane – Interference reduction –
Possible coverage weakness in the short to medium distance range – Traffic load distribution
 68. Tuning the NetworkSolution (Antenna Adjustments)Include : – Down tilting – Antenna Height
– Azimuth – Type of antennaReason of Down tilting: 1 Reduce interference 2 Optimizing cell
 69. Antenna Configuration• General points to check – antenna type, e.g. • omni • directional 60,
90 or 120 degrees • electrical downtilt – antenna azimuth angle (for directional antenna) •
coverage targets – antenna tilt angle • electrical + mechanical – diversity & isolation • e.g. space
diversity, • polarisation diversity
 70. Type Antenna Down tilt Mechanical down tilt – Physic, Sectoral Electrical down tilt – Easy 0°
0° Electrical Mechanical
 71. Typical antenna beam pattern
 72. Omni vs. Sectorised• OMNI cells - more difficult to optimize – Electrical down tilt possible,
however • same for entire cell – Parameters same for entire cell• Directional antenna – narrower
beam easier to control interference – tilting less efficient with wider beams Sectorised cell site
with different downtilt angles
 73. Reference• Short Course “In Building DCS 1800 Coverage”, Mobile Communication
Laboratory, 2009• Short Course “Drive Test UMTS”, Mobile Communication Laboratory, 2008•
Short Course “Drive Test CDMA 2001x and Optimization”, Mobile Communication Laboratory,
2008• Short Course “CDMA Drive Test and Optimization”, Antenna Laboratory, 2007•
Nemo_Outdoor_manual
 74. Thanks