I was included some material regarding climate change issue this can benefited to all who are searching for climate change related material. the climate change and global warming are very sensitive issue for global living things the shifting of climate, rising sea level, increasing temperature and increasing green house gases concentration effect the plant, animal and animal.

1. Climate change causes, effects, current Scenario and future
Prospective

2. Content
• Definition of climate change
• Global warming, Green house effect
• Causes of Climate Change
• Factors responsible for climate change
• Gases responsible for global warming
• How to reduce the climate change effect
• Climate channge effect on crops
• Current status
• Future prospective
• Conclusion

3. DefinitionofclimateChange
Climate change refers to long term change in temperature and weather patterns. The change due to natural or
change in sun activity or large volcanic eruption.
Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of
human activity. ( Dr. Margaret Chan)
According to NASA “A broad range global phenomena created predominately by burning fossil fuels which
add heat trapping gases to earth atmosphere. These phenomena include the increased temperature trend
described by global warming, but also encompass changes such as sea level rise; ice mass loss in Greenland,
Antarctica, the Arctic and mountain glaciers worldwide ; shift in flower/plant blooming and extreme weather
event”

4. GlobalWarming/Greenhouseeffect
• Global warming refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of green
house gases.
• Global warming refers only to the earth’s rising surface temperature, while climate change includes warming
and the “side effects” of warming like melting glaciers, heavier rainstorms or more frequent drought.
• The first assumptions about the green house effect where made by “Sci. Jacques Fourier in 1824
• ‘Gustaf Ekholm’ used for the first time the term “Green house effect”

5. CausesofClimateChange
• Green house gases
• Reflectivity or Absorption of the Sun energy
• Changes in earth orbit and rotation
• Volcanic activity
• Burning fossil fuels
• Cutting Down forest

6. FactorsResponsibleforClimateChange
• Air temperature near Surface
• Humidity
• Temperature over oceans
• Sea surface temperature
• Sea level
• Sea ice
• Ocean heat content
• Temperature over land
• Snow covers
• Glaciers

7. GasesResponsibleforGlobalwarming
• Corban di oxide – Human activities currently release over 30 billion tons of Corban di oxide into
the every year. Atmospheric Corban di oxide increased by more than 40 % since pre industrial
times, Approximately 280 PPM in the 18th century to 414 PPM in 2020.
• Methane - Human activities increased methane concentration during most of the 20th century to
more than 2.5 times the pre industrial level from 722 PPB to 1867 PPB in 2019.
• Nitrous oxide - Nitrous oxide concentration have risen approximately 20 % since the start of the
industrial revolution rapid increased toward the end of th 20th century from 270 PPB to 332 PPB
in 2019.
• cloroflurocorban(Fluorinated gases)- there are four main catogries of fluorinated gases-
Hydrofluorocornbons (HFCs), Perfluorocorbons (PFCs), Sulferhexafluoride (SF6) and Nitrogen
trifluoride (NF3)

8. Howtoreducetheclimatechange effect
• Transform your transport (Use Electric vehicle)
• Increase the use of soler power
• Don’t waste food
• be sustainable
• reforestation
• focus on planet friendly investment
• Reduce the corban emission
• Cultivating planet friendly food system

9. Climatechanngeeffectoncrops
• Climate change may affect the production of maize (corn) and wheat as early as 2030 under a high
greenhouse gas emissions scenario, according to a new NASA study published in the journal, Nature Food.
Maize crop yields are projected to decline 24%, while wheat could potentially see growth of about 17%.
• Using advanced climate and agricultural models, scientists found that the change in yields is due to projected
increases in temperature, shifts in rainfall patterns, and elevated surface carbon dioxide concentrations from
human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. These changes would make it more difficult to grow maize in the
tropics, but could expand wheat’s growing range.
• Maize, or corn, is grown all over the world, and large quantities are produced in countries nearer the equator.
North and Central America, West Africa, Central Asia, Brazil, and China will potentially see their maize
yields decline in the coming years and beyond as average temperatures rise across these breadbasket regions,
putting more stress on the plants.
• Wheat, which grows best in temperate climates, may see a broader area where it can be grown as
temperatures rise, including the Northern United States and Canada, North China Plains, Central Asia,
Southern Australia, and East Africa, but these gains may level off mid-century.

10. CurrentstatusAsia&World
• The share of global emissions by Asia’s developing countries doubled from 22% in 1990 to 44% in 2019.
• Energy sector, electricity and heat production is largest and fastest growing source of emissions, accounting
for about 40% followed by manufacturing 18% and Agriculture, land use, forestry 13%.
• Asia growth trajectory will have importent implications for global climate goals. An estimated 940 million
people in the region have limited access to electricity.
• The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere reached record levels in 2020, hitting 417 parts per million in May.
The last time CO2 levels exceeded 400 parts per million was around four million years ago, during the
Pliocene era, when global temperatures were 2-4C warmer and sea levels were 10-25 metres (33-82 feet)
higher than they are now.
• The past decade was the hottest on record. The year 2020 was more than 1.2C hotter than the average year in
the 19th Century. In Europe it was the hottest year ever, while globally 2020 tied with 2016 as the warmest.
• Record temperatures, including 2016, usually coincide with an El Niño event (a large band of warm water that
forms in the Pacific Ocean every few years), which results in large-scale warming of ocean surface
temperatures. But 2020 was unusual because the world experienced a La Niña event (the reverse of El Niño,
with a cooler band of water forming). In other words, without La Niña bringing global temperatures down,
2020 would have been even hotter.

11. Futureprospective
• Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will continue to increase unless the billions of tons of our
annual emissions decrease substantially. Increased concentrations are expected to:
• Increase Earth's average temperature
• Influence the patterns and amounts of precipitation
• Reduce ice and snow cover, as well as permafrost
• Raise sea level
• Increase the acidity of the oceans
• Increase the frequency, intensity, and/or duration of extreme events
• Shift ecosystem characteristics
• Increase threats to human health
These changes will impact our food supply, water resources, infrastructure, ecosystems, and even our own
health.

12. Conclusion
• The climate change is very common issue in nature. The climate change affect human, animal and plants etc.
In present rainfall comes very high amout with less rainy day that affect the crop fielure and damage of living
being. Currently government are inntroducing many plans to tacle with climate change issue by reducing
heat and green house gases potantial/quantity in environment and soil. Globally accepted chalange for
reducing the climate change effect by introducing zero emmision vehicles and machinary. Some of changes
introducing to reduce the emmision by crops/field. The shifting of climate pattern affecting food
production, animal extinction, trees and plant life cycle.