Canada is still trying to close the wage gap and improve the quality of work for immigrant women. International Women’s Day takes place annually on March 8th as a global recognition of the contributions that women make in the workplace, the work they do in the home as well as their cultural and societal contributions. It also acts as a day to bring awareness to many of the ongoing struggles women face globally.

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2. Canada is still trying to close the wage gap and improve the
quality of work for immigrant women.
• International Women’s Day takes place annually on March 8th as a global
recognition of the contributions that women make in the workplace, the
work they do in the home as well as their cultural and societal
contributions. It also acts as a day to bring awareness to many of the
ongoing struggles women face globally.
• Canada has a reputation as a progressive country with strong human
rights legislation and a commitment to equality for all. Generally, women
in Canada have all the same rights and freedoms as men, but there are
still some significant gaps in how women, particularly newcomer women,
are represented in Canada’s workforce.

3. Immigrant women working in Canada
• Statistics Canada data from 2022 shows there were 4,200,630 immigrant
women in the labour market. Of these, 2.9 million were visible minorities
while 1.3 million were not. Overall, immigrants are responsible for almost
100% of Canada’s labour force growth and 75% of Canada’s population
growth.
• According to Statistics Canada, women have an 83% participation rate in
the national workforce. This shows an increase of over 30% from 1976
when only half of the women in Canada worked outside the home. The
male labour market participation rate is currently 91.5%.

4. • Labour Force Survey data from January to June 2021 shows that there is a notable
unemployment gap between recent immigrant women and Canadian-born women (15.2%
vs. 8.0%). Further, among employed immigrant women, particularly racialized women, the
sectors in which they are employed tend to have comparatively lower rates of pay.
• Last year, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) reported that racialized
newcomer women are overrepresented in low-wage sectors, such as accommodation and
food services or hospitality. These industries were heavily impacted by labour market
losses during COVID-19. Many newcomer women start their careers in Canada in these
industries and experienced some of the most dramatic wage losses. Between 2019 and
2020, the median entry wage of immigrant women fell by 11.1%, from $26,100 to $23,200.
• Further, a recent study about the role of immigrant women in executive positions found
that about one in four executives were women, and of these, roughly one in seven were
immigrant women

5. Majority of immigrant women arrive through family class
sponsorship
• In 2022, 1,215,200 women immigrants arrived in Canada as secondary
applicants in an economic immigration program, meaning they were a
spouse, partner or dependent of someone who applied to immigrate to
Canada through an economic immigration program. A further 1,194,685
arrived through family class sponsorship.
• Data shows 66% of immigrant women who are married or in common law
relationships (therefore more likely to have immigrated through family
class sponsorship programs) are likely to work full-time, compared to 70%
of Canadian-born women.

6. Pay gap for women in Canada
• Canadian women have been active in Canada’s workforce since the first
World War, over 100 years ago, but there is still a gap between their
incomes and that of their male colleagues. The Canadian Women’s
Foundation reports that, on average, women in Canada make 89 cents for
every dollar a man makes. This does not take into account the gap that
exists between new and recent immigrants and Canadian-born women.
• Statistics Canada data from 2019 reported that new and recent immigrant
women made over 20% less in weekly earnings than Canadian-born
women. The gap narrowed somewhat to 4.7% less for long-term
immigrants.

7. Canada’s effort to close the gap
• In August 2021, the federal government implemented the Pay Equity Act to
close the wage gap and ensure fair compensation for women. However,
this only applies to women who are employed in federally regulated
workplaces.
• Some provinces have legislation that aims to ensure equal pay for women.
For example, pay discrimination on the grounds of gender is prohibited by
Human Rights legislation in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario,
Saskatchewan. Additionally, equal pay for the same or similar work is a
requirement of employment standards legislation in Ontario, Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, Yukon, Newfoundland, and Northwest Territories.

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