MCCC-Ontario-HS-Curriculum-updated

Ontario High School Curriculum
Integration of the Weather Station
McMaster Centre for Climate Change
ddsdsdsdsdsdThe McMaster Centre for Climate Change is initiating a micro-meteorological network
in the greater city of Hamilton schools. We are aiming to engage and inspire the next
generation of young scientists and to facilitate stronger ties between McMaster and
the local community. This document outlines meteorology-related curriculum
material for teachers based of the Ontario Ministry of Education high school
curriculum. It also lists suggestions to link the weather station with topics in physics,
chemistry, mathematics, business, and more.

MCCC Ontario High School Curriculum: Integration of the Weather Station 2015
2
Table of Contents
Atmospheric Pressure............................................................................................................................4
Humidity.................................................................................................................................................4
Rainfall....................................................................................................................................................4
Solar Radiation.......................................................................................................................................4
Temperature..........................................................................................................................................4
UV Radiation..........................................................................................................................................4
Windspeed .............................................................................................................................................5
Wind Direction.......................................................................................................................................5
Dewpoint................................................................................................................................................5
Summary of Grade 9 Curriculum...........................................................................................................6
Information and Communication Technology in Business- BTT10......................................................7
Geography- CGC1D, CGC1P....................................................................................................................7
Mathematics- MFM1D, MFM1P............................................................................................................8
Science- SNC1D, SNC1P..........................................................................................................................9
Summary of Grade 10 Curriculum.......................................................................................................10
Science -SNC2D, SNC2P........................................................................................................................11
Weather Station Application...............................................................................................................11
Interdisciplinary Studies- IDC30, 1DP30..............................................................................................14
Mathematics- MCR3U, MCF3M...........................................................................................................14
Chemistry- SCH3U................................................................................................................................15

3
Physics- SPH3U.....................................................................................................................................15
Environmental Science- SVN3M..........................................................................................................16
Green Industries-THJ3M......................................................................................................................16
Mathematics of Data Management -MDM4U....................................................................................18
Mathematic Foundations for College -MCT4C....................................................................................19
Works Cited..........................................................................................................................................20

4
Weather Station Measurements
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmosphericpressureisthe force perunitareaexertedbythe weightof the air.Usually, risingpressure
bringsfairweatherandfallingpressure bringspoorweather.
Humidity
Humidityisthe measure of the amountof moisture (watervapour) inthe air.Relative humiditytellsyouhow
watervapouris presentasa fractionof the maximumamountof watervapourthat couldbe resentina
parcel of air.If the temperature goesdownandthe amountof watervapourdoesnot change thenthe
humiditywillgoup.
Rainfall
Rainfall ismeasuredusingatippingbucketraingauge.Rainfallsintothe blackcylinderwhichactsasa funnel
and channelsthe waterthrougha small hole inthe base of the cylinder.The waterthenfallsintoone of two
collectors,whichare balancedona pivot.Forevery0.254 mm of rain that falls,the collectorfill upand
therefore tips.Bymeasuringthe time betweentips,the rainrate canbe measured.The blackcylinderisnot
heatedsothat whenitsnowsthe snowwill accumulate until meltingoccurs.Meltingsnow will thenfillthe
collectorswithwatercausingthemtotip. Therefore,snowfallwillbe recorded.
Solar Radiation
The weatherstationhasa solarradiationsensorthatmeasuresthe solarradiationwithwavelengths
between300 and110 nanometers.The weatherstationalsohasanultravioletradiationsensorthat
measuresthe UV radiationwithwavelengthsbetween290and 390 nanometers.The temperature and
humiditysensorisfoundwithinthe radiationshieldattachedtothe bottomof the weatherstation.The
radiationshieldprotectsthe sensorfromdirectsunlightinthe dayand reducesradiative heatlossatnight.
Temperature
Temperature ismeasuredusingatemperature sensor,whichisshieldedtoavoiddirectsunexposure.It
measurestemperaturein°C.
UV Radiation

5
Ultraviolet(UV) lightisaformof the energyfromthe sun,and isknownto pose harmful effectson skinsuch
as burning.The weatherstationhasa UV sensor,whichcanmeasure the UV radiationvaluesthroughoutthe
day.
Windspeed
The componentof the weatherstationthatmeasureswindspeedinacupanemometer.The rate of spinis
directlyproportional tothe windspeed,therefore we canstore the windspeedinmeterspersecondand
displayitinkilometersperhour.The weatherstationsampleswindspeedatone-minuteintervals,andstores
the average.
Wind Direction
Winddirectionisdeterminedbyspeedanddirection.A weathervane measuresthe direction,andforour
weatherstationitisa device thatrotatesto pointinthe directionof the wind.The directionisstoredasdata
indegrees,andcompassheadings.
Dewpoint
For a giventemperature and pressure,the dewpointisthe temperature whereaircoolsdowntoreach the
saturation.Whenaircoolsto the dewpoint,watervapourinthe atmosphere condensestodew,orfrost
whentemperaturesare belowzero.

6
Grade 9
Summary of Grade 9 Curriculum
Course RelevantLearning Specifications WeatherStation Applicationand
Activity
Informationand
CommunicationTechnologyin
Business- BTT10
Studentswill developword
processing,spreadsheet,database,
desktoppublishing,presentation
software,and website designskills.
All of these skillscanbe
developedusingdatafromthe
weatherstation.Studentscan
calculate netsolarradiation,or
meanannual precipitation
throughusingexcel functions.
Geography- CGC1D, CGC1P Interactionsinthe Physical
Environment:Thisstranddevelops
students’understandingof how
natural phenomenaandevents
influencetheirdailylives.Theywill
analyse the role of physical
systemsandprocessesinshaping
the natural environmentandthe
manyways inwhichthe natural
environmentinfluencesthe types
of humanactivitythattake place in
Canadiancommunities.
Weatherstationdatacan be used
to understandnatural
phenomena(heatwaves,cold
snaps,windchills,etc).Students
can use graphs of annual
precipitation,humidity,wind
speed,solarradiation,etc.to
assistteachingstudentsbasic
metrological conceptslearned.
Mathematics- MFM1D,
MFM1P
Topicsin numbersense and
algebra,linearrelationships,
analyticgeometry,and
measurementandgeometry.
Weatherstation datacan be used
to explore linearrelationships.
Studentscanplotgraphs of
temperature,humidity,etc.over
time fora specificmonth.By
drawinga line of bestfit,the
slope canbe determinedto
displayvariablesovertime and
determine anyrelationships
betweenthem.
Science-SNC1D,SNC1P The chemistrycomponentof grade
9 sciencesisrelevant. Elements
and compoundshave specific
physical andchemical properties
that determine theirpractical uses.
The use of elementsand
Moleculesinthe atmosphere
have positive andnegativeeffects
on radiationabsorptioninthe
atmosphere.The weatherstation
data can be usedtohelpvisualize
some concepts(ex.decreased

7
compoundshasbothpositive and
negative effectsonsocietyandthe
environment.
incomingradiationreadings).It
can be integratedto the class
teachstudentshow these
molecules canaffectlong-term
readings.
Information and Communication Technology in Business- BTT10
Thiscourse introducesstudentstoinformationandcommunicationtechnologyinabusinessenvironment
and buildsafoundationof digital literacyskillsnecessaryforsuccessinatechnologicallydrivensociety.
Studentswill developwordprocessing,spreadsheet,database,desktoppublishing,presentationsoftware,
and website designskills.Throughoutthe course,there isanemphasisondigitalliteracy,effective electronic
researchand communicationskills,andcurrentissuesrelatedtothe impactof informationand
communicationtechnology.
Weather Station Application
Weather station data can be used to teach students basic skills with spreadsheet software, and website
design.Studentscandesignawebsite todisplaytheirweatherinformationforthe school.
Geography- CGC1D, CGC1P
Geographyisabout determiningthe significance of “place”asitrelatestothe natural environment,the
humanenvironment,andinteractionswithinandbetweenthem.Toinvestigate geographicissues,students
mustanalyse the influencesandinterrelationshipsthatgive aplace itsdistinctive characteristicsandthusits
spatial importance.Geographicanalysisalsorequiresaninvestigationof the economic,environmental,
social,andpolitical perspectivesthatrelate toanissue.The applicationof the conceptsof geographic
thinking,spatial skills,andthe use of fieldstudiesare central tothe geographicinquiryprocessandthe
learningof geography.
Interactionsinthe Physical Environment:Thisstranddevelopsstudents’understandingof how natural
phenomenaandeventsinfluencetheirdailylives.Theywill analysethe role of physical systemsand
processesinshapingthe natural environmentandthe manywaysinwhichthe natural environment
influencesthe typesof humanactivitythattake place inCanadiancommunities.Studentswill alsoanalyse
the effectsthathumanactivities,suchastransportation,recreation,andindustrialprocesses,have onthe
Earth’s physical systemsandprocesses.
Weatherstationdatacan be usedto generate graphsregardingannual precipitation,humidity,windspeed
and more.These graphscan allowstudentstoextrapolateontopicsaboutthe physical environment,and
howthere are changesinprecipitation,humidity,windspeed,etc.throughoutthe year. Studentscan
visualize andquantifythe waysinwhichthe natural environmentinfluenceshumanactivity(ex.air
temperature,windchill,UV index onoutdooractivities,heatwarningsetc.).Lookingatdatafor several

8
stationsinHamilton,studentscanstudyandvisualise the urban heatislandeffect,orphysical featureson
microclimatesinarea.
Mathematics- MFM1D, MFM1P
The followingchart(figure 1) elaboratesonthe topics learnedingrade 9 mathematics.
Figure 1: The strands and subgroups in grade9 mathematics (Ontario Ministry of Education,2008).

9
Weatherstationdatacan be usedto investigatemathematical relationships,datamanagement,calculating
volume andprecipitation,andtrendanalysis.
Science- SNC1D, SNC1P
Thiscourse enablesstudentstodeveloptheirunderstandingof basicconceptsinbiology,chemistry,earth
and space science,andphysics,andtorelate science totechnology,society,andthe environment.
Throughoutthe course,studentswill developtheir skillsinthe processesof scientificinvestigation.Students
will acquire anunderstandingof scientifictheoriesandconductinvestigationsrelatedtosustainable
ecosystems;atomicandmolecularstructuresandthe propertiesof elementsandcompounds; the studyof
the universe anditspropertiesandcomponents;andthe principlesof electricity.
Chemistry
Elementsandcompoundshave specificphysical andchemical propertiesthatdeterminetheirpractical uses.
The use of elementsandcompoundshasbothpositive andnegativeeffectsonsocietyandthe environment.
In grade 9 chemistry,studentslearnaboutelementsandcompoundsthathave bothpositive andnegative
effectsonsocietysuchasozone,and CFCs.The weatherstationcanbe integratedintothistoteachstudents
howthese compoundscanaffectshortand long -termreadings.
 Temperature (moleculesinthe atmosphere thatcanimpact global airtemperatures)
 Radiation(conceptsof UV radiationandindex;fog)
 Mechanicsof weatherstation(ex.how aPAR-sensorworks,ortippingrainbucketgauge- canbe
usedto studyapplicationsof mechanicalandelectrical engineering)

10
Grade 10
Course RelevantLearning Expectations WeatherStation Applicationand
Activity
Science-SNC2D,SNC2P Biology
Plantsandanimals,includinghumans,
are made of specializedcells,tissues,
and organsthat are organizedinto
systems.
The weatherstationmayaid students
to understandclimate change andthe
affectstemperature hasonhuman
well-beingandbiodiversity.
Studentscanrelate UV readingson
the weatherstationandthe affectsit
has on exposedskin.
Chemistry
· Chemical reactionsmayhave a
negative impactonthe environment,
but theycan alsobe usedto address
environmental challenges.
· - Usingthe radiationbudgetcompare
radiationreadingsandcompare
betweenacleardayand a foggyday.
Graphs of net radiationcanbe
produced.Studentscanextrapolate
how longterm changessuchas
climate change will alterthe data,and
the shape of the graph.
·
Earth and Space Science
Climate isdynamicandisthe resultof
interactingsystemsandprocesses.
Climate change affectslivingthings
and natural systemsin a varietyof
ways.
·
Studentscando weatherforecasts,
and use the weatherstationdata,and
conceptslearnedinclasstoexplain
the weather.Anotherprojectisthat
studentscanuse data from another
school’sweatherstationandcompare
it to theirownschool’sdataforthe
day.They can explainthe factorsthat

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may affectthe readings(buildings,
openfields,elevation,etc.) change
overtime incertainareas.
Science -SNC2D, SNC2P
This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and
space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between science, technology, society, and the
environment. Students are also given opportunities to further develop their scientific investigation skills.
Students will plan and conduct investigations and develop their understanding of scientific theories related
to the connections between cells and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular
focus on acid–base reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and
matter.
Biology
Plants and animals, including humans, are made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that are organized
intosystems. Developmentsinmedicine andmedical technologycanhave social andethical implications.
The weather station can help students understand climate change and the affects temperature has on
human well -being and biodiversity. It can also be used to calculate and visualize the UV rates in the summer
and winterandhowtheycan affect exposedskin.
Chemistry
Chemicals react with each other in predictable ways. Chemical reactions may have a negative impact on the
environment,buttheycanalsobe usedtoaddressenvironmental challenges.
Student can learn about the chemistry of the atmosphere, and how these elements have a negative impact
on the environment.
 Measurement of radiation and relative humidity collected by the weather station can be analyzed
and comparedbetweenclearandfoggy/smogdays
● Builda greenhouse
● Compare humiditylevels
Earth and Space Science
Earth’s climate is dynamic and is the result of interacting systems and processes. Global climate change is
influenced by both natural and human factors. Climate change affects living things and natural systems in a

12
variety of ways. People have the responsibility to assess their impact on climate change and to identify
effectivecoursesof actiontoreduce thisimpact.
Comparing local, monthly and annual trends with those of long-term data sets collected by Env. Canada and
available online forfree.

13
Grade 11
Course RelevantLearning Specifications WeatherStation Applicationand Activity
InterdisciplinaryStudies-
IDC30, IDP30
Thiscourse will helpstudents
combine the skillsrequiredforand
knowledge of differentsubjectsand
disciplinesto solve problems,make
decisions,create personal meaning,
and presentfindingsbeyondthe
scope of a single subjector
discipline.
Weatherstationdatacan be usedto
integrate conceptsaboutthe
environment,andhow itclimate and
weathereffecthumanssocially,and
economically.Studentscandoa weather
reportskitan assignment.Usingweather
stationdata,theycan relate whatthe
valuesof temperature,UV,windchill
meanto the general population.Theycan
alsotalkabout whatthiscouldmean
economicallyif the weatherwere tostay
like this.
Mathematics- MCR3U,
MCF3M
Course exploresthe propertiesof
functions,andintroducesboth
trigonometric,andexponential
functionstostudents.
Weatherstationdata can be usedto
explore trigonometricandexponential
relationships.Plottinggraphsof
temperature,humidity,etc.overtime for
a year,or several years.Draw a curve of
bestfit,anddetermine the equationof
the function.
Chemistry- SCH3U Gasesand atmosphericchemistry. Weatherstationdatacan be usedto
extrapolate onatmosphericchemistry.
Studentscananalyse valuesof UV
radiation,andfogby interpretingthe
amountof bar. Withthis,theycan
determine the airqualityindex.Students
can thencompare the calculated value of
air qualitywiththose determinedby
EnvironmentCanada.
Physics- SPH3U Energycan be transformedfrom
one type to another.Energy
transformationsystemsoften
involve thermal energylossesand
are never100% efficientin their
practical uses. The use of elements
and compoundshasbothpositive
and negative effectsonsocietyand
The solar panelsonthe physical weather
stationcan be analysedtodetermine
efficiency.The weatherstationis
poweredbysolarpanels.Studentscan
explore the efficiencyof solarpanels,and
determine how muchenergythe solar
panelsare generating.

14
the environment.
Environmental Sciences-
SVN3M
Studentswill explore arange of
topics,includingthe role of science
inaddressingcontemporary
environmental challenges;the
impactof the environmenton
humanhealth;sustainable
agriculture andforestry;the
reductionandmanagementof
waste;andthe conservationof
energy.
Studentscanlookintothe urban heat
environmenteffectandmake
comparisonswiththe weatherstation
data fromotherschools.Usingweather
stationdata fromotherschools,students
can compare the weatherattheirschool
and lookintothe urbanheat effect.
GreenIndustries- THJ3M Thiscourse enablesstudentsto
developknowledge andskills
relatedtoagriculture,forestry,
horticulture,andlandscaping.
Studentswill studythe
identification,growth,and
managementof plantsandanimals
and developprocess,design,and
managementskillsrequiredinthe
greenindustries
Weatherstationdatacan be usedto
analyse how weatheraffectsagriculture,
forestry,horticulture,andlandscaping.
Studentscandetermine the growing
degree-days,basedonairtemperature
and daytime length.Theycancalculate
whentostart plantingdifferentplants.
They can also lookat the bar data to look
at day lengthdate.
Interdisciplinary Studies- IDC30, 1DP30
This course will help students combine the skills required for and knowledge of different subjects and
disciplines to solve problems, make decisions, create personal meaning, and present findings beyond the
scope of a single subject or discipline. Through individual and collaborative inquiry and research, students
will analyse the connections among diverse subjects and disciplines; develop information literacy skills in
analysing, selecting, evaluating, and communicating information; and become aware of a variety of resources
and viewpoints on contemporary issues. They will also examine their own learning styles, relate their
inquiriesandresearchtoreal-lifesituations,andinvestigate careeropportunitiesinnew disciplines.
Weather station data can be used to integrate concepts about the environment, climate and weather effects
humans.
Mathematics- MCR3U, MCF3M
The course is designed to prepare students for Grade 12 mathematics courses that lead to one of many
university programs, including science, engineering, social sciences, liberal arts, and education. The concept

15
of functions is introduced in the Characteristics of Functions strand of this course and extended through the
investigation of two new types of relationships in the Exponential Functions and Trigonometric Functions
strands. The Discrete Functions strand allows students, through the study of different representations of
sequences and series, to revisit patterning and algebra concepts introduced in elementary school and make
connectionstofinancial applicationsinvolvingcompoundinterestandordinarysimpleannuities.
Weatherstationdatacan be usedto investigatelinear,quadratic,andtrigonometricrelationships.
Chemistry- SCH3U
Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry
Properties of gases can be described qualitatively and quantitatively, and can be predicted. Air quality can be
affected by human activities and technology. People have a responsibility to protect the integrity of Earth’s
atmosphere.
Weather station data can be used to visualize the impact of human activities on atmospheric chemistry. How
does human activity affect atmospheric composition? Students can analyse values of incoming radiation
measured with the weather station on clear and smog days. With this, they can determine the air quality
index. Students can then compare the calculated value of air quality with those determined by Environment
Canada.
Physics- SPH3U
Energy and Society
Energy can be transformed from one type to another. Energy transformation systems often involve thermal
energy losses and are never 100% efficient. Although technological applications that involve energy
transformations can affect society and the environment in positive ways, they can also have negative effects,
and therefore mustbe usedresponsibly.
Weather station mechanics can be studied as an applied aspect of the course. The station is solar powered.
Students can look at the electric requirement of the station instruments, and figure out how the solar panel
can powerthe weatherstation.
Electricity and Magnetism

16
Relationships between electricity and magnetism are predictable. Electricity and magnetism have many
technological applications. Technological applications that involve electromagnetism and energy
transformationscanaffectsocietyandthe environment inpositive andnegative ways.
The mechanicsof the tippingbucketraingauge are basedonmagnetismtogenerate electriccurrent.
Environmental Science- SVN3M
This course provides students with the fundamental knowledge of and skills relating to environmental
science that will help them succeed in life after secondary school. Students will explore a range of topics,
including the role of science in addressing contemporary environmental challenges; the impact of the
environment on human health; sustainable agriculture and forestry; the reduction and management of
waste; and the conservation of energy. Students will increase their scientific and environmental literacy and
examine the interrelationshipsbetweenscience,the environment,andsocietyinavarietyof areas.
Conservation of Energy
The impact of energy production and consumption on environmental sustainability depends on which
resourcesandenergyproductionmethodsare used.
Students can look into the urban heat environment effect and make comparisons with the weather station
data fromotherschoolsinthe citiesandoutskirts.
Green Industries-THJ3M
This course enables students to develop knowledge and skills related to agriculture, forestry, horticulture,
and landscaping. Students will study the identification, growth, and management of plants and animals and
develop process, design, and management skills required in the green industries. Students will also examine
social and economic issues related to the green industries, learn about safe and healthy working practices,
study industry standards and codes, and will explore postsecondary education programs and career
opportunities.
Weather station data can be used to analyse how weather affects agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and
landscaping. Questions such as, “when is the ideal time of year to grow crops or to begin landscaping” can be
answered by analysing yearlong weather patterns. Students can determine the growing degree-days, based

17
on air temperature and daytime length. They can calculate when to start planting different plants. They can
alsolookat radiation(PAR-photosyntheticactive radiation) datatolookat daylengthdate.

18
Grade 12
Course RelevantLearning Specifications WeatherStation Application and
Activity
Mathematicsof Data
Management- MDM4U
Pose problems based on real-
world applications that can be
modelledwith given exponential
equations
Exploringthe temperaturevariable
Weatherstationtemperature data
can be usedinlogarithmsto
determine temperaturesof objects
MathematicFoundationsfor
College- MCT4C
Describe trends based given
graphs and use trends to make
predictions or justify decisions
Trend in Canadian greenhouse
gas emissions over a time period.
Describe some factors that
influence these emissions have
over time
Mathematics of Data Management -MDM4U
Thiscourse broadensstudents’understanding of mathematicsasitrelatestomanagingdata.Studentswill
applymethodsfororganizingandanalysinglarge amountsof information;solve problemsinvolving
probabilityandstatistics;andcarryout a culminatinginvestigationthatintegratesstatistical conceptsand
skills.Studentswillalsorefine theiruse of the mathematical processesnecessaryforsuccessinsenior
mathematics.Studentsplanningtoenteruniversityprogramsinbusiness,the social sciences,andthe
humanitieswill findthiscourse of particularinterest.
Statistical Analysis
Compare the characteristicsof a two variable datasetforexample climate inthe summerandwinterand
make inferencesandjustifyconclusions(usingdifferentvariables)
Exponential Functions
Pose problems basedonreal-worldapplicationsthatcanbe modelledwithgivenexponential equations.
Use weatherstationdatato developempirical modelsbetweenvariousvariablesmeasuredbythe station.
Calculate mean,standarddeviationandtrends

19
Mathematic Foundations for College -MCT4C
Thiscourse enablesstudentstoextendtheirknowledge of functions.Studentswill investigateandapply
propertiesof polynomial,exponential,andtrigonometricfunctions;continue torepresentfunctions
numerically,graphically,andalgebraically;developfacilityinsimplifyingexpressionsandsolvingequations;
and solve problemsthataddressapplicationsof algebra,trigonometry,vectors,andgeometry.Studentswill
reasonmathematicallyandcommunicatetheirthinkingastheysolve multi-stepproblems.Thiscourse
preparesstudentsforavarietyof college technologyprograms.
Mathematical Models
Describe trendsbasedongivengraphsanduse trendsto make predictionsorjustifydecisions
Use weatherstationdatato developempirical modelsbetweenvariousvariablesmeasuredbythe station.
Calculate mean,standarddeviationandtrends.

20
Bibliography
Works Cited
[Image of a micro-weather station] 2009 [image online] Available at:
<http://www.binbin.net/photos/lexibook/Met/Meteo-Clock-Weather-Station-Pro-Weather-Station-
Blk-.jpg. [Accessed 14 Feb. 2015]
School Based Weather Station: Anatomy of the Weather Station.[online] Available at:
……<http://www.victoriaweather.ca>. [Accessed 01 March. 2015].
The Ontario Ministry of Education, 2007. Science: The Ontario Curriculum Grades 11 and 12. [online]
……..Available at: <http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/science1112curr.pdf>
……..[Accessed 14 Feb. 2015].
The Ontario Ministry of Education, 2005. Mathematics: The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 and 10.
………[online] Available at:
……….<http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/math910curr.pdf> [Accessed 14 Feb.
……….2015].
The Ontario Ministry of Education, 2006. Business Studies: The Ontario Curriculum Grade 9 and 10.
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……..<http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/business910currb.pdf> [Accessed 14
……..Feb. 2015].
The Ontario Ministry of Education, 2007. Mathematics: The Ontario Grades 11 and 12. [online]
……..Available at: <http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/math1112currb.pdf>
……..[Accessed 14 Feb. 2015].
The Ontario Ministry of Education, 2008. Science: The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 and 10. [online]
……..Available at: <http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/science910_2008.pdf>
……..[Accessed 14 Feb. 2015].
The Ontario Ministry of Education, 2013. Canadian and World Studies: The Ontario Curriculum
Grade 9 and 10. [online] Available at:
……….<http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/canworld910curr2013.pdf> [Accessed
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